• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1429-1432
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• 2007

We fabricated white organic light emitting diodes(WOLED) having two complementary and three primary colors with emission layers of DPVBi / MADN : DCM2-0.5% and DPVBi / $Alq_3$ / MADN : DCM2-1.5%, respectively. WOLED using three primary colors shows broad electroluminescence including green emission peak at 510nm while optical properties of the two complementary WOLED was higher current efficiency of 6.2 cd/A than 4.9 cd/A of three primary color WOLED. The maximum luminescence of WOLED with two complimentary color was $15200cd/m^2$ along with luminous efficiency 6.2cd/A, as achieving stable white color coordinates for both of WOLEDs at (0.33 , 0.33) almost.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.3
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• pp.155-172
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• 2005

Kim Whan-ki is an unusual instance in Korean modern artists, who payed attention to emotional and expressive effects of colors. The color of Whan-ki's paintings have been recognized as linked with 'blue' in spite that he used colors within the category of 'Colors of Five Directions(五方色)', which are traditional oriental colors composed of red, lue, yellow, white, green and black. Kim Whan-ki unearthed upon similarity of Five Directions Colors to the three(five) primary colors which modern abstract painter like Mondrian layed down. Whan-ki switched the five directions colors to modern ones. Kim Whan-ki's dot painting in which pure and watery color is sucked in ground is modernistic adaptation from ink painting. He packs a dot with sky and earth, moon and stars, forest and tree, birds and flowers, friends at his hometown, wind, sound and so on. Putting tens of thousands of these shapes and colors into a dot is modernistic version from ink painting. In that point there is a possibility to say that 'dark blue' of the dot painting is 'Hyun-saec(玄色)'. Eventually we can make sure that Kim Whan-ki's view of Art originated in oriental philosophy and beauty.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2012

Need color separation process to appear number of minimum printing plate waterway maximum printing color at printing process. This time, printing plate is separated three primary colors of C(cyan), M(magenta), Y(yellow). Appear all colors of printing such three primary colors. But, three primary color ink appears 100% dark gray that is not clean as chroma is neared color to 0 because is not pure. As well as, the ink area rate that is whole by over print amount increase of three primary is expanded. As a result, influence in secondary printablity set-off growth by inaccurate color reproduction and ink dry badness, trapping efficiency decline etc.. Apply ink saving method that is replaced as K ink in consisted dark color constituent because three primary colors are over print each other adding one more K(black) plate by method to improve these problem. Therefore, can reduce extension of the total ink area rate, and help in correct color appearance control. As well as, eco-friendly printing process attains improving printablity at the same time curtailment of printing expense by reducing requirement of total ink. Usually, there are UCR(under color removal) and GCR(gray component replacement) to ink saving application method. But, the practical use limit is insufficient state to tribe of technological investigation or field application about these method in domestic printing field. Therefore, in this research, ink saving been bringing by one method of eco-friendly printing confirmed that is applicable in usual domestic printing environment. Also, searched result getting in printablity by ink saving application.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.52-56
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• 2024

The ancient ancestors of Korea believed that the five directions of east, west, south, and north were important, and that there was a god in charge of each of the five directions, and that he was in charge of the universe, nature, and life. In Korea, the traditional colors follow the Yin and Yang Five Ceremony. The five elements were placed in the bearings symbolized by wood, fire, earth, iron, and water, namely east, south, center, west, and north, and the symbolic colors were called blue, red, yellow, white, and black according to their connotations. These colors should be the five element colors. In studying the colors of the five elements, this researcher found that the five element colors were inconsistent in each of the existing studies. Therefore, the characteristics of the Yin and Yang Five Elements were carefully examined, and the Five Element Colors pursued by the ancestors were identified, and the Five Element Colors were defined to fit the present era. According to modern color standards, the three primary colors of color, cyan, magenta yellow, and the five colors of pure black and pure white, can be said to be the colors that most correspond to the Yin and Yang Five Symbols.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2008

Three primary color super hydrophobic dyes were used to dye unmodified polypropylene fiber for various practical color. The color values of the dyed fibers were displayed on CIE 1931 Yxy chromaticity diagram. It was found that they showed various colors between three primary colors on the unmodified polypropylene fiber.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.371-375
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• 2004

The eyes can register color oscillations and that colors have an effect on the psyche. Human is constantly surrounded by an immense range of vibrations to which he must react and respound. And the skin can be compared to an antenna which amplifies information received from the outside and then passes it on to the inside. Therefore the art of many medicines make use of the skin as a medium of treatment. Peter mandel discovered centers, or zones, on the human body, which represent or correspond to the three primary colors(red, blue and yellow). And he came across to the four temperaments(or humors) and their respective colors, which consist of the primary colors with the addition of green.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the trend of art and fashion which predominate a certain time. In order to achieve this goal, this study intends to analyze how plasticity found in Mondrian's pictures are applied to modern fashion with its focus on formative elements. Mondrian was ahead of abstractionism, a major trend of contemporary art, and defined the theory of neo-plasticism. The theory of neo-plasticism defined by Mondrian is characterized by the limited expression of lines and shapes by using only vertical and horizontal straight lines, and right angles and four-sided figures weaved by the lines, and the use of achromatic color(black, white, and gray) in three primary colors(red, blue, and yellow). Based on his theory, he fully displayed the world of geometric abstraction. Mondrian's formative elements which have been applied in modern fashion can be divided into shape and color, For the element of shape, first, horizontal and vertical lines have been applied to patterns, trimmings, detail, and plane of textiles through simplification of design, representing proportion, balance, and stress in a silhouette, Second, plane and diamond shapes made of horizontal and vertical lines have been applied to textiles or patterns with uniqueness. For the element of color, first, three primary colors and achromatic colors are used to seek the aesthetics of balance and harmony that are produced in the strain of conflict through brightness, chroma, and complementary colors, Second, primary colors of high chroma and brightness which are much stronger than pictures are used to express a modern sense. Formative elements of neo-plasticism, which have been applied to modern fashion suggested by this study, are connected with the trend of art contemporary designers have borrowed, Accordingly, this study will become a very helpful material which provides designers with original ideas in developing materials and patterns which connect design with art.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2017

As the international competitive landscape deepens, the need to understand foreign cultures and establish effective strategies is increasing. At the beginning of the 20th century, Cartier actively developed exotic designs to secure international competitiveness; theses designs have also been used as design prototypes for Cartier in modern times. The purpose of this study is to analyze the color characteristics and types of exotic designs in the early 20th century, which was a turning point in Cartier's design. After studying the literature, a total of 248 exotic designs were presented in Cartier catalogs. This study also selected overseas monographs from the early 20th century, and their design types were classified and color analysis was performed based on the Natural Color System(NCS). Cartier's exotic designs cover wide range of styles, such as Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Indian and Egyptian styles. Multicolor, primary colors, and contrast are all strongly expressed. 97% of designs contained multiple colors, with at least two colors and maximum of six colors. The most frequently used colors are red, green, and blue, which means that only 9% of the designs do not contain the three colors, showing a high preference for theses three colors. In addition, color combinations of red and green, red and blue, or all three colors are used to show high contrast and utilize complementary colors, or near complementary colors, for coloration. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the color characteristics of Cartier's exotic designs and translates them into practical data for establishing the color strategies of companies in the global market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.40
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• pp.25-35
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• 1998

This thesis is a study of Kas ya, robes of buddhist monk, which is having peculiarity among human clothes. I kept my attention mainly on the symbolism of the color of Kas ya. To elucidate this, I chose the principle of T -chi and Yin-yang and Wu-shing as a frame-work of interpretation. In the first place, the original meaning of Kas ya mean a name of peculiar color. The concrete names of the color are color of persimmons juice, brown, yellow tinged with red, radish brown, non-primary color etc. The main motive to dye three robes of buddhist monk from white or primary color to the color of Kas ya was to differentiate buddhist monks from heathen or laymen. Therefore, as luxurious and primary colored cloths was donated to the buddhist monks, they are necessary to discolor them. Accordingly. they established 'non-primary color' as well-mate one for a ascetic. The non-primary color is called discolored color' as a result of discoloring primary colors. The discolored color is a synonym of Kas ya and the process of discoloring is necessary for making robes of buddhist monk. Secondly, discoloring means to mash five primary color. That is say, the process of discoloring means to return five primary colors back to 'profoundity·abstruseness·obscurity, namely darkness' as the source of them. Darkness as a condition amalgamated and not appeared all materials is the source and at the same time the terminus of all colors. Therefore, color of Kas ya symbolizes 'profound color' as the ultimate meaning of discoloring. Thirdly, discoloring garments of buddhist monk symbolize to destroy evil passions and haughtiness arising in ascetic's mind as well as means don't attach to the shaped materials'. Fourthly, discoloring means to return 'color'. namely 'all kinds of shaped material' to the inherent nature. Process of discoloring means to reture to the empty. nya. nya essentially do not make any colors, but over and over again come into being and become extinct as becoming colors. R pa, by one time Yin and the other time Yang'. R pa, color is a metaplasia of nya and nya is discoloring one of all colors. Then, discoloring means R pa is nya, R pa is nya at the same time and Because this is another expression of Dharma the original meaning of Kas ya symbolize true robes. Consequently, Kas ya means truth and beyond time and space do not be changed and conserve the color of the first till now.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.18-36
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• 2023

Although an extensive body of research exists on sports uniform colors in the West,there is a dearth of research on South Korean sports uniforms, especially in the domain of professional teams ports. This study aims to identify and analyze the colors of sports uniforms of 56 professional teams listed on the Korea Professional Sports Association (KPSA) for a range of team sports (e.g. football, baseball, basketball, volleyball, and golf). The number of colors of each team's uniform and the ordinal ranking of these colors were recorded and analyzed. Furthermore,the number of colors and parent company colors were grouped by gender and league. Overall, 80.4% of the teams preferred three to four colors with white, black, blue, and red being the most popular colors. Every team's primary, secondary, or graphic logo colors on their uniforms included white. The gender variable was partially significant, emphasizing culturally significant colors such as pink. The parent company's color showed a significant connection with the team's uniform colors. This result was related to the historical origins of South Korean professional team sports and their unique relationship with chaebols. Based on the findings, this study concludes that visibility and contrast factors, as well as historical aspects relating to the concept of glocalization play an important role in the color choices of South Korean team uniforms.