• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.203-208
• /
• 2009

A factorial feeding trial of different levels of three carbohydrate sources (wheat flour, $\alpha$-potato starch, and sodium alginate) was conducted to determine proper sources and levels of dietary carbohydrate for juvenile sea cucumbers. Three replicate groups of juvenile sea cucumbers (770 mg average weight) were fed the experimental diets once a day for 10 weeks. After feeding trial, survival of sea cucumbers was not significantly different between diets. The body weight of sea cucumbers was significantly (P<0.01) affected by both source and level of dietary carbohydrate, tending to decrease as dietary carbohydrate level increased. Body weight of sea cucumbers fed a 25% wheat flour diet was the highest but was not significantly different from that of sea cucumbers fed diet containing 10% wheat flour with 15% sodium alginate (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash of sea cucumbers among dietary treatments. These results suggest that sea cucumbers utilize wheat flour and sodium alginate more efficiently than they do $\alpha$-potato starch, and that a formulated diet containing 43-60% carbohydrate may be suitable for juvenile sea cucumber culture.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.148-155
• /
• 2004

Response surface analysis was used to study dietary ratios of n-3/n-6 fatty acid and P/S to minimize plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL ${\cdot}$ VLDL-C levels and maximize plasma HDL ${\cdot}$ C levels of rats. Because the dietary components were not statistically independent, they were studied in combinations of two variables. The two-variable combinations were the most useful in locating the desired maximum or minimum plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL ${\cdot}$ VLDL-C response in terms of the proportions of the dietary components. Response surface contours and three dimensional plots were developed for each plasma lipid response. The contours and three dimensional plots were used to help determine those combinations of the dietary fatty acid ratios that would produce the desired minimum or maximum lpid responses. The statistical analyses indicated that the minimized plasma cholesterol response levels could be attained with a diet consisting of 2.26 n-3/n-6 fatty acid and 2.15 P/S ratios.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 1995

Creatine(Cr) and phosphocreatine(PCr), the important mediators of intracellular high-energy phosphate buffer system, were found in the tissues of mouse seminal vesicle and also in the extracellular fluids of seminal vesicle secretion. This study was performed m confirm that the secretion and accumulation of Cr and PCr is regulated by testosterone and its $5{\alpha}$-reduced metabolite, $5{\alpha}$-dihydrotestosterone(DHT). In addition, the effect of nandrolone decanoate(ND), a synthetic anabolic steroid, on the levels of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicle was compared with those of testosterone propionate(TP) and DHT. Male Swiss-Webster mice were castrated and three groups of the castrates were treated with daily injection(sc) of same molar dose($1.45{\times}10^{-8}mol/g\;BW$) of TP, DHT, or ND. All three androgens rapidly increased weights of seminal vesicle tissue and fluid, and also increased concentrations of Cr and PCr in the tissue and fluid. However, ND was least effective in increasing seminal vesicle weights, whereas ND was as effective as, or in some cases, more effective than, TP or DHT in increasing Cr and PCr levels in the tissue and fluid. The results confirm that the accumulation of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicles is regulated by testosterone and DHT, and also suggest that the effects of androgens on seminal vesicle growth and secretory activity may be differentiated.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 1986

The purpose of the present research was to study (1) children's sex-stereotyped perception toward adult occupations, and (2) the impact of traditional sex-stereotypes on future occupational preference. The subjects of this study were 120 children, 3 to 8 years of age enrolled in kindergatens and elementary schools. The instrument was developed by the researcher and consisted of 10 occupations which are traditionally sex-typed in Korean society. 5 male and female sex-typed occupations were selected with the participation of 200 college students. These occupations were illustrated on 10 pictorial cards, and short verbal explanations were given for each of them. It was found that: (1) Levels of children's perception of occupational sex stereotypes show that children aged five to six are marked comparatively higher than those aged three to four in the perception of occupation, children of seven to eight age indicate slightly downward; however, they are not differed significantly from those of five to six. (2) As far as levels of children'5 perception of occupational sex stereotypes aged three to four, five to six and seven to eight are concerned, interaction between age and sex was not shown significantly. Female children were more stereotyped at almost all age levels. (3) Irrespective of sex and age, all subjects were more familiar with male than with female occupations. (4) in the choice of future occupations, boys as well as girls preferred sex-stereotyped occupations for themselves. Boy's choices were more stereotyped than girls', but the number of kinds of occupations chosen by boys and by girls was not different. (5) There was an increase with age in the number of children who gave future occupational choices.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제63권2호
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2017

In this paper, the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis is used to evaluate the seismic performance of steel moment frame structures. To this purpose, three special moment frame structure with 5, 10 and 15 stories are designed according to the Iran's national building code for steel structures and the provisions for design of earthquake resistant buildings (2800 code). Incremental Nonlinear Analysis (IDA) is performed for 15 different ground motions, and responses of the structures are evaluated. For the immediate occupancy and the collapse prevention performance levels, the probability that seismic demand exceeds the seismic capacity of the structures is computed based on FEMA350. Also, fragility curves are plotted for three high-code damage levels using HASUS provisions. Based on the obtained results, it is evident that increase in the height of the frame structures reduces the reliability level. In addition, it is concluded that for the design earthquake the probability of exceeding average collapse prevention level is considerably larger than high and full collapse prevention levels.9.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.282-288
• /
• 2013

Gastrodia elata Blume is a achlorophyllous orchid plant that has been used in traditional medicine to treat many human illnesses, such as vertigo, hemiplegia, and epilepsy. It contains three major pharmacological substances; gastrodin, ergothioneine, and vanillyl alcohol. Here we investigated the quantitative changes in those functional components by cultivation conditions and harvest times. The content of ergothioneine was different with cultivation areas, while gastrodin accumulated the higher levels than vanillyl alcohol regardless of cultivation areas. The smaller tubers contained the higher concentrations of gastrodin and the lower concentrations of ergothioneine than did the larger tubers. The cultivation under sun shade screen increased the concentrations of both gastrodin and vanillyl alcohol but decreased the levels of ergothioneine. We also determined the contents of functional substances depending on the harvest times. The concentration of gastrodin was higher in October than in April, while the level of ergothioneine was higher in April than in October. Interestingly, the use of sexually propagated seed tubers produced 1.9 times higher levels of gastrodin compared to vegetatively propagated seed tubers. In this study, we found that three major functional substances in G. elata tubers altered depending on various cultivation practices, which might be important to increase the economic values of G. elata tubers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.351-357
• /
• 2003

Five kinds of allylthiopyridazine derivatives were synthesized and their chemoprotective activities examined in rats exposed to aflatoxin $B_1$-toxicant. Rats were pretreated with five allylthiopyridazine derivatives at daily oral doses of 50 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, and during this period with one or three repeated doses of the potent hepatotoxin, aflatoxin $B_1$. The hepatoprotective effects of the allylthiopyridazine derivatives against aflatoxin $B_1$ (1 mg/kg, three times at intervals of 3 days, i.p., or at 3 mg/kg, once at final days, i.p.) administration were showed the significantly normal as compared with control in body and liver weights. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were markedly elevated after aflatoxin $B_1$ administration, and pretreatment with allylthiopyridazine derivatives, before aflatoxin $B_1$ administration, resulted in decreased levels of these enzymes. In addition, the allylthiopyridazine derivatives, K6 (3-methoxy-), K8 (3-chloro-), K16 (3-ethoxy-) and K17 (3-n-propoxy), induced elevated hepatic GSH levels. Four kinds of allylthiopyridazine derivatives investigated were effective against aflatoxin $B_1$ -induced hepatotoxicity.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the research was to examine the moderating effects of children's prosocial behavior on a potential relationship of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and peer rejection as well as friendship. Participants consisted of 252, 3 year old including 136 boys and 116 girls. They were recruited from day care centers and preschools in Gyeonggi province and Incheon city. Prosocial behavior and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder syndrome were assessed based on teacher ratings. A peer nomination inventory was used to assess peer rejection and friendship. Children were asked to nominate three peers that they liked and considered friends as well as three peers that they did not like and did not consider friends. Findings suggested that prosocial behavior moderated the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and peer rejection as well as friendship. ADHD was related to peer rejection and fewer friends for children with lower levels of prosocial behavior. However, the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and peer rejection was not significant for children who had higher levels of prosocial behavior. Moreover, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder did not influence to friendship for children who had the higher levels of prosocial behavior. The results indicate that increasing prosocial behavior may improve peer relationship functioning of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2018

Korea has entered to 'aged society', which the elderly people over 65 years old is over 14% of total population. This paper aims to analyze the traffic accident by aging level. In pursuing the above, this paper focuses on modeling the traffic accident severity based on three aging levels. The main results are as follows. First, the ratio of fatal and serious injured persons (FSI) is judged to increase according to increasing aging level. Second, the null hypothesis that there is no difference in FSI among three aging levels (aging, aged, and super-aged) is rejected. Four accident severity generalized linear models which are all statistically significant have been developed. Third, the common variables are analyzed to be median age, the number of hospital beds per persons, and turn signal usage ratio. Fourth, the differentiated traffic safety policies fitted to aging levels are required. The enforcement of traffic law violation and safety enhancement of motorcycle in the region of 'aging society', improvement of traffic facilities in the region of 'aged society', and expansion of transportation facilities in the region of 'super-aged society' are evaluated to be indispensable.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.441-457
• /
• 2018

Characteristic parameter values of seismic isolators deviate from their nominal design values due to uncertainties and/or errors in their material properties and element dimensions, etc. Deviations may increase over service life due to environmental effects and service conditions. For accurate evaluation of the seismic safety level, all such effects, which would result in deviations in the structural response, need to be taken into account. In this study, the sensitivity of the probability of failure of the structures equipped with nonlinear base isolation systems to the uncertainties in various isolation system characteristic parameters is investigated in terms of various isolation system and superstructure response parameters in the context of a realistic three-dimensional base-isolated building model via Monte Carlo Simulations. The inherent record-to-record variability nature of the earthquake ground motions is also taken into account by carrying out analyses for a large number of ground motion records which are classified as those with and without forward-directivity effects. Two levels of nominal isolation periods each with three different levels of uncertainty are considered. Comparative plots of cumulative distribution functions and related statistical evaluation presented here portray the potential extent of the deviation of the structural response parameters resulting from the uncertainties and the uncertainty levels considered, which is expected to be useful for practicing engineers in evaluating isolator test results for their projects.