• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2013

사출성형에서 성형수축은 피할 수 없는 현상이다. 따라서 성형수축을 줄이기 위한 연구가 필요할 뿐만 아니라 성형수축의 특성을 명확히 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 유리섬유로 보강된 폴리카보네이트를 이용하여 2.5차원형상인 환상형상의 시편에서 보이는 성형수축 현상을 조사하였다. 환상시편은 외경의 크기와 두께를 달리하여 설계하였다. 성형조건은 수지온도, 보압시간 및 보압크기를 변수로 설정하였다. 여러 성형조건으로 성형된 시편에서 내경과 외경의 크기가 변하는 양상에 대해서 분석하였다. 성형된 시편의 외경과 내경의 치수는 금형의 치수보다 작게 나타났다. 시편의 외경이 클수록, 그리고 시편의 두께가 두꺼울수록 수출율은 작게 나타났다. 또한 게이트의 위치에 따라 수축의 크기가 방향성을 보였다. 따라서 성형된 시편은 원형이 아니라 타원형으로 나타났고 게이트 방향으로 내경과 외경이 가장 큰 수축을 보였다. 수축된 제품의 형상조절을 위해서는 게이트 설계와 같은 금형설계가 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2002

SLA (Stereolithography Apparatus) it a process used to rapidly produce polymer components directly from a computer representation of the part. Though SLA is being recognized as an innovative technology, it still cannot be used to fully practical application since it lacks of dimensional accuracy compared to conventional process. If the shrinkage were perfectly uniform and no distortion took place, excellent part accuracy could still be achieved through and appropriate scaling factor when generating the build file. However, in certain geometries involving intersecting thick and thin sections, nonuniform retrain shrinkage becomes the engine of part distortion. In order to improve the part accuracy of SLA, this paper evaluates how largely each parameter of SLA contributes to the part accuracy and estimates the optimal set of parameter which minimizes the dimension error of the test part, "Slab (100mm$\times$100mm$\times$2mm)"and "scale bar"part. Three control parameters such as critical exposure, generation depth and fill cure depth are used.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.824-833
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• 2012

The shrinkage and the warpage of the moulded part are influenced by the design of the product and injection mould. In a flat part with a partly thick volume, the warpage of the flat part is created from the difference of the shrinkage between thin and thick regions. The warpage of the flat part with a partly thick volume can be reduced by a proper design of the cooling system in the injection mould. The goal of this paper is to design properly cooling channels of injection mould to manufacture a flat part with a partly thick volume. The conformal cooling channel is adopted to improve cooling characteristics of a region with the thick volume. The linear cooling channels are assigned to the other region. The proper design of the conformal cooling channels is obtained from three-dimensional injection molding analysis for various design alternatives. The moulding characteristics of the designed mould with both conformal and linear cooling channels are compared to those of the mould with linear cooling channels from viewpoints of temperature, shrinkage and warpage of the moulded part using numerical analysis. Injection mould with both conformal and linear cooling channels for the flat part with a partially thick volume is fabricated. In addition, injection moulding experiments are performed using the fabricated mould. From the results of the injection moulding experiments, it has been shown that the designed mould can successfully fabricate the flat part with a partially thick volume.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2007

Precision injection molding process is of great importance since precision optical products such as CD, DVD and various lens are manufactured by those process. In such products, birefringence affects the optical performance while residual stress that determines the geometric precision level. Therefore, it is needed to study residual stress and birefringence that affect deformation and optical quality, respectively in precision optical product. In the present study, we tried to predict residual stress, final shrinkage and birefringence in injection molded parts in a systematic way, and compared numerical results with the corresponding experimental data. Residual stress and birefringence can be divided into two parts, namely flow induced and thermally induced portions. Flow induced birefringence is dominant during the flow, whereas thermally induced stress is much higher than flow induced one when amorphous polymer undergoes rapid cooling across the glass transition region. A numerical system that is able to predict birefringence, residual stress and final shrinkage in injection molding process has been developed using hybrid finite element-difference method for a general three dimensional thin part geometry. The present modeling attempts to integrate the analysis of the entire process consistently by assuming polymeric materials as nonlinear viscoelastic fluids above a no-flow temperature and as linear viscoelastic solids below the no-flow temperature, while calculating residual stress, shrinkage and birefringence accordingly. Thus, for flow induced ones, the Leonov model and stress-optical law are adopted, while the linear viscoelastic model, photoviscoelastic model and free volume theory taking into account the density relaxation phenomena are employed to predict thermally induced ones. Special cares are taken of the modeling of the lateral boundary condition which can consider product geometry, histories of pressure and residual stress. Deformations at and after ejection have been considered using thin shell viscoelastic finite element method. There were good correspondences between numerical results and experimental data if final shrinkage, residual stress and birefringence were compared.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 기존의 설계 시스템들이 갖지 못한 완전한 삼차원적 모델의 주 형을 생성할 수 있으므로 응축 시뮬레이션, NC공구 경로 생성등의 응용 프로그램과 직 접적으로 연결될 수 있는 장점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문의 1편에서는 위의 설계과정중 목형과 압탕부의 설계에 대해서 기술하고 탕구계와 주형의 설계에 대해서는 2편에서 기술하도록 한다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.449-456
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• 1999

The concrete wall is the most useful of retaining structure which can obtain the engineering stability, but has problems that is not friendly with nature environment in a fine view, such as poor rear drainage, and shrinkage crack by temperature difference, etc. Because of this problems, the research for a segmental crib retaining wall has been performed. A segmental crib retaining wall is quickly and easily erected because is possible to be erected as the individual members, and is not sensitive to differential settlement and earthquakes. Also, it shows effective drainage and has a friendly advantage with nature environment because of being able to be planted with vines and shrubs in retaining walls The design of crib retaining walls has traditionally been based on classical soil mechanics theories. These theories, originally derived by Rankine(1857) and Coulomb(1776), assume that the wall acts as a rigid body. This assumption results in failure being predicted by either monolithic overturning or base sliding mechanisms. However, the wall consists of individual members which have been created a three dimensional grid. This grid confines an fill mass which becomes part of the wall. The filled wall resists the earth pressure with the same mechanism of classical gravity walls. Because of the flexibility of the individual segment, it allows relative movement between the individual members within the wall. The three dimensional flexible grid leads to stress redistribution when the wall is subjected to external or fill loads. Due to the flexibility and the stress redistribution, the failure of segmental crib wall consists of not only overturing and base sliding but the local deformation and the failure between the segmental members. It has been researched in the field that due to this flexibility and load redistribution, serviceability failure of segmental crib walls is unlikely to be due to overturning or base sliding. Therefore, in this study, the relative displacement appearance of retaining wall due to variation of inclination is measured to examine this behavior characteristics. Also, the behavior characteristics of retaining walls by surcharge load, and location of acting point of retaining wall rear, and the displacement characteristics and deflections are estimated about the existence and nonexistence of Rear Stretcher performing an role in transmitting earth pressure of Header and Stretcher organizing retaining walls. This research focuses on the characteristics due to the behavior of retaining walls. This research focuses on the characteristics due to the behavior of retaining walls.