• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2010

The flight deck crew must manage complexity during daily flight operations. The Airline may obtain data regarding threats and errors through LOSA(Line Operations Safety Audits) on normal flights as predictive safety tool in Safety Management System of the Airline to actively improve the systems such as SOP(Standard Operation Procedure), training, evaluation and the TEM(Threat and Error Management) for the flight deck crew. The flight deck crew make errors when they fail managing threats. The crew mismanage around ten percent of threats and commit errors. The major mismanaged threats are aircraft malfunction, ATC(Air Traffic Communication), and wether threats. The effective countermeasures of TEM for manageing threats are leadership, workload management, monitor & cross check, Vigilance, communication environment and cooperation of the crew. It is important that organizations must monitor for the hazards of threats and improve system for the safer TEM environments.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-78
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• 2022

The U.S.-led international order, sustained by overwhelming national power since the end of the Cold War, is gradually being restructured from a unipolar international system to a bipolar international system or a multipolar international system, coupled with the weakening of U.S. global leadership and the rise of regional powers. Geopolitically, discussions have been constantly raised about the security instability that the reshaping of the international order will bring about, given that East Asia is a region where the national interests of the United States and regional powers sharply overlap and conflict. This study aims to critically analyze whether security discussions in Korea are based on appropriate crisis assessment and evaluation. This paper points out that the security crisis theory emerging in Korea tends to arise due to threat exaggeration and emphasizes the need for objective evaluation and conceptualization of the nature and the level of threats that the restructured international order can pose to regional security. Based on the analysis of changes in conflict patterns (frequency and intensity), occurring in East Asia during the periods divided into a bipolar system (1950-1990), a unipolar system (1991-2008), and a multipolar system (2009-current), this study shows that East Asia has not been as vulnerable to power politics as other regions. This investigation emphasizes that the complexity of Korea's diplomatic and security burden, which are aggravated by the reorganization of the international order, do not necessarily have to be interpreted as a grave security threat. This is because escalating unnecessary security issues could reduce the diplomatic strategic space of the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1151-1163
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• 2022

As wireless communication functions begin to be installed in vehicles, cyberattacks that exploit vulnerabilities in wireless communication functions are increasing. To respond to this, UNECE enacted the UN R156 regulation to safely distribute the software installed in the vehicle by using the wireless communication function. The regulations specify the requirements necessary to safely distribute the software for vehicles, but only the abstract requirements are presented without information on the components and detailed functions necessary to develop and implement the requirements. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a security evaluation standard that can evaluate whether a safe SUMS is built using threat modeling, a method for systematically analyzing security threats.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Investigations of distribution status and extinction threat evaluation of the Korean endemic species, Iksookimia yongdokensis were undertaken from 2017 to 2018. Among the 22 streams and 97 sampling sites investigated during the study period, samples of I. yongdokensis were collected from 9 streams at 37 sites (from Daejongcheon Stream of Gyeongju-si to Songcheon Stream of Yeongdeok-gun). The appearance of I. yongdokensis was relatively common in streams such as Hyeongsangang River (15 stations), Yeongdeok Oshipcheon Stream (4 stations), Gokgangcheon Stream (4 stations), Chuksancheon Stream (3 stations) and Daejongcheon Stream (3 stations). The main habitat of I. yongdokensis was in pools on flat-land in streams of clean water with slow velocity, and with pebble, gravel and sand bottoms. Previous records of the appearance of I. yongdokensis, indicate they were first seen at seven stations including Jangsacheon Stream, but they were not present in Songcheon Stream. Compared to our results there is evidence as noted for a 38.9% reduction in occupancy within 3 generations (10.5 years), and a decline inhabitat quality. Therefore, I. yongdokensis is now considered vulnerable (VU A2ace) based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. The main reasons for the decline were assumed to be dry weathering in the river, the introduction and diffusion of exotic fish species Micropterus salmoides, and river refurbishment project.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2018

The distribution aspect and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Rhodeus pseudosericeus were investigated from 2012 to 2017 in Korea for the subject of this study. The number of appearance sites in the past literature of available and identified R. pseudosericeus was 26. During the study period, the samples of R. pseudosericeus were collected in 44 sites (Hangang River 35 sites, Sapgyocheon Stream 4 sites, Daecheoncheon Stream 5 sites) among the noted 214 sampling stations investigated. Among these, the newly appearance streams were Ilricheon Stream, Samsancheon Stream, Bangyecheon Stream and Hanpocheon Stream in the Hangang River. In addition, the habitats and populations in the upper Seomgang River (Hoengseong Dam), lower Heukcheon Stream, Muhancheon Stream and Daecheoncheon Stream decreased due to dam construction, river work, water pollution, and the spread of the exotic species Micropterus salmoides. The main habitat of R. pseudosericeus was the middle-upper stream of clean water with slow water velocity, sand-pebble bottoms and lots of aquatic plants. Given this evidence as noted for the 30.2% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, due to the qualitative decline of habitat, the overfishing risk of ornamental fish and the spread of M. salmoides, in this case R. pseudosericeus is considered to be Vulnerable (VU A2cde) based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

Investigations on the study of the distribution aspects and extinction threat evaluation of the Korean endemic species, Iksookimia pacifica were done from 2017 to 2018 in Korea. During the study period, the samples of I. pacifica were collected in 17 streams, 46 sites (from Baebongcheon Stream of Goseong-gun to Gunsuncheon Stream of Gangneung-si) among the noted 33 streams and 104 sampling sites investigated. The population size of I. pacifica was relatively large in streams such as Bukcheon, Baebongcheon, Hwasangcheon, Cheonjincheon, Ohhocheon Stream etc., but the population size was small in streams such as Sacheoncheon, Namcheon, Gangneung Namdaecheon Stream etc. The main habitat of I. pacifica was the downstream pool of clean water with slow velocity and sand bottoms, and their sensibility was estimated to be due to river work and water pollution. Comparing the previous records of the appearance of I. pacifica, they were first seen in Sampocheon Stream, but they did not appear in Jusucheon, Jeoncheon, Samcheok Osipcheon Stream. Given this evidence as noted for the 19.5% reduction in occupancy within 3 generations, in small appearance range ($1,343km^2$) and small occupancy area ($184km^2$), the number of locations were many (18) and the population was relatively large within the range of habitat. Therefore, I. pacifica is now considered a Near Threatened (NT) based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2021

Distribution status, habitat characteristics, and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis were investigated in 2015 and 2019. Historical distribution reports of B. l. tsinlingensis were divided into before 1990, 1997~2006, 2000~2011, and 2010~2019. Among the 150 sampling sites investigated during the study period, number of individuals of B. l. tsinlingensis were collected 542 individuals from 67 sites. The streams inhabited of B. l. tsinlingensis were Naerincheon (11 stations), Odaecheon (11 stations), Bukcheon (10 stations), Bangtaecheon (8 stations), Songjeongricheon (4 stations), Suipcheon (3 stations), Inbukcheon (3 stations), Hyeondongcheon (3 stations) etc. The main habitat of B. l. tsinlingensis was upstream of the river with a high altitude of more than 400 m, 4~20 m water flow width, 1~2 m water depth, and high ratio (70~80%) boulder bottoms. The main reasons for the decline in population size were assumed as river works, construction of reservoirs and bridges, discharge of contaminated water into the river, the inflow of summer vacationers, and weir. Compared to our results there exists evidence that states a 20.7% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, in a small appearance range (7,732 km²) and occupancy area (268 km²), number of disconnected locations (15 locations), and a decline in habitat quality. Therefore, B. l. tsinlingensis is now considered as Near Threatened (NT) based on the results (Near meets VU A2acd, B1b(i,ii,iii)+B2b(i,ii,iii)) of IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.693-699
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• 2010

Korea has been took the top ranking in the global shipbuilding industry in terms of new orders, order backlogs and the volume of vessels for several years. However, the domestic small- and medium-scale shipbuilders currently face imminent threat from China and new challenge to focus on development of high value-added ships. So far, the marine leisure industry of Korea has been showed weak global competitiveness and there were few attempts to design and develop leisure boats and yachts. We describe the digital design process of leisure boat exterior that could reflect user's sensibilities and feelings of entire forms of the products. This design process contains stepwise sensibility evaluation via web and provides designers with various and fast feedbacks about their design outputs in each design stage.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.578-581
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 통합보안관리 시스템에 대해서 주요 기능을 분석하고 시장동향을 조사하였으며, 기존의 소프트웨어 품질 평가 기술 및 표준화에 관한 연구를 추진하고, 통합보안관리 시스템의 보안성 품질 평가 모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 통합보안관리 시스템의 보안성 품질 평가 모델을 통하여 통합보안관리 시스템의 품질을 향상시키는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 본다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1911-1919
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• 2009

Currently, the evaluation technology for the security systems of risk analysis level measurement is maintained by only the developed countries including U.S and U.K, and the evaluation technology and its infrastructure are insufficient for the evaluation technology of security threat analysis level measurement in Korea. Therefore this paper presents the development of the security control items and the evaluation tool(ISSPET) for the security level performance. It is expected to evaluate the security management level of the current system and its security environment through analyzing the security management level of security systems using ISSPET.