• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between body size traits, carcass traits, and primal cuts in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Sixty-one beef carcasses were classified for conformation and primal cut weight. Additionally, carcass weight, fat thickness, carcass dimensions, and longissimus muscle area were determined to complement the grading. Results: The average live weight and cold carcass weight were 759 and 469 kg, respectively. The mean carcass meat, fat, and bone proportions were 551, 298, and 151 g/kg, respectively. Primal cuts weights showed significant positive correlations (p<0.001) of 0.42 to 0.82 with live weight, carcass weight, and longissimus muscle area and a significant negative correlation with carcass fat (without shank, -0.38 to -0.10). Primal cut weights were positively correlated (p<0.01) with carcass length (0.41 to 0.77), forequarter length (0.33 to 0.57), 6th lumbar vertebrae-heel length (0.33 to 0.59), 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth (0.35 to 0.58), 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth (0.36 to 0.65), 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth (0.38 to 0.63), and coxae girth (0.34 to 0.56) and non-significantly related to cervical vertebrae length and coxae thickness. Conclusion: There was a high correlation among live weight, carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, carcass length, 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth, 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth, and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth of the primal cuts yield. The correlation between fat and primal cut yields was highly significant and negative. Carcass length and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth, appear to be the most important traits affecting primal cut yields.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2007

Objective : Percutaneous approach to the middle thoracic vertebra through the transpedicular route for the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is difficult due to the small size of the pedicle and parasagittally oriented vertebra body anatomy. The percutaneous vertebral body access [PVBA] technique utilizing the posterolateral extrapedicular approach avoids the pedicle and provides direct access to the vertebral body. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the vertebroplasty utilizing PVBA technique for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the middle thoracic vertebrae. Methods : A retrospective review was done on 20 patients who underwent vertebroplasty utilizing PVBA technique performed for painful osteoporotic compression fracture in the middle thoracic vertebrae at 22 levels from May 2003 to June 2006. The average amount of the injected cement was 1.5-2.5ml. The postprocedural outcome was assessed using a visual analogue scale [VAS]. Results : The treated vertebrae were T5 [1 level], T6 [5 levels], 17 [7 levels], and T8 [9 levels]. The compression rate and kyphotic angle were improved after procedure from $18%{\pm}13.4$ to $16%{\pm}13.8$ [p > 0.05] and from $6.9^{\circ}{\pm}6.7$ to $6.6^{\circ}{\pm}6.2$ [p>005], respectively. Preprocedural VAS was $8.2{\pm}0.70$ and was decreased to $2.1{\pm}1.02$ [p < 0.01] after treatment. Postprocedural cement leakage was noted in 3 levels [13.7%]. There were no cases of leakage to epidural space or neural foramen, segmental artery injury, and pneumothorax. Conclusion : These results suggest that the complication rates are low and good results can be achieved with vertebroplasty utilizing PVBA technique for the osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures especially in the middle thoracic vertebrae.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2001

목적 : 유방암환자에 있어 수술 후 방사선치료 시행 여부가 향후 골전이 분포에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 후향적연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1988년 7월부터 1998년 7월 사이에 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 유방암의 골전이로 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자 중 IV 병기를 제외한 109명을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 환자 중 69명(A군)은 과거 유방절제술 후 방사선치료를 받지 않았었고, 40명(B군)은 수술 후 방사선치료를 받았었다. 수술 후 방사선치료는 Cobalt 60 원격치료기(30명) 또는 6 MV 선형가속기(10명)를 사용하여 1회 1.8 Gy, 총 50.4 Gy를 조사하였었다. 쇄골상림프절, 액와림프절 및 내유림프절은 광자선을 이용한 전방조사야로, 흉벽은 전자선 또는 광자선을 이용한 접선조사야로 수술 후 방사선치료를 시행하였었다. 모든 환자에서 방사선치료의 범위에는 흉추 1번에서 10번 부위가 포함되었었다. 골절이 부위는 두개골, 경추, 흉추 1번 내지 4번, 흉추 5번 내지 8번, 흉추 9번과 10번, 흉추 11번과 12번, 요추, 골반, 대퇴골, 늑골 및 기타의 11개 부위로 구분하여 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : A군의 골전이 분포는 요추부위 25명$(55.1\%)$, 골반부위 31명$(44.9\%)$, 늑골부위$(40.6\%)$, 흉추 11번과 12번 부위 26명$(37.7\%)$, 흉추 5번 내지 8번 부위 25명$(36.2\%)$, 흉추 9번과 10번 부위가 24명$(34.8\%)$으로 요추부위가 가장 빈도가 높았다. B군에서도 요추부위와 골반부위가 각각 22명$(55.0\%)$으로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고, 늑골$(37.5\%)$, 흉추 11번과 12번 부위가 13명$(32.5\%)$으로 유사한 빈도를 보인 반면, 과거 방사선치료부위에 포함된 흉추 1번 내지 4번, 흉추 5번 내지 8번, 흉추 9번과 10번은 1명$(2.5\%)$, 2명$(5.0\%)$, 4명$(10\%)$으로 현저히 낮은 빈도를 보였다. 골전이의 빈도는 흉추 1번에서 4번(p=0.002), 흉추 5번에서 8번(p<0.0001), 흉추 9번과 10번(p=0.004)에서 두 군간에 현저한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 유방암환자로 수술 후 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자에서 방사선치료 범위에 포함되는 흉추 1번과 10번 사이의 부위에 골전이가 통계적으로 유의하게 적음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of thoracic vertebral region's Du mai(督脈) and Jia ji xue(夾脊穴) intervention on active range of motion(ROM) restricted shoulder pain. Methods : 1. Measurement : The unpleasantness of pain was measured by visual analogue scale(VAS), and ROM was measured by using Goniometer and scratch test. 2. Intervention : Use Acupuncture and bee venom injection in thoracic vertebral region's Du mai(督脈) and Jia ji xue(夾脊穴) that display main tender points. Results : The pain and ROM were improved after thoracic vertebral region intervention. Conclusion : Thoracic vertebral region intervention was effective to active ROM restricted shoulder pain, to reduce the pain and to improve ROM. And this study shows that active ROM restricted shoulder pain and thoracic vertebral region's tender points are connected to each other. Also, region that suggest main tender points previews region of thoracic vertebrae 5-8.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2000

Vertebral compression fractures commonly afflict the elderly. Some patients suffer from severe mechanical pain in spite of treatments with strong analgesics and bracing. Vertebroplasty, which was originally used for vertebral hemangioma, is effective for patients who do not respond to these more conservative treatments. However, the procedure has some risk. Leaks of bone cement into perineural tissues can be a serious complication. In contrast to the lumbar vertebrae, the outer margin of the pedicle of the thoracic vertebrae is almost in line with the outer margin of the body. This, combined with the thinner pedicle of the thoracic vertebrae, makes proper needle placement difficult. The posterolateral approach is preferred to the transpedicular approach in order to avoid the danger of destroying the inner cortex of the pedicle. But there can be a problems with the standard posterolateral approach. The rib can be broken, the pleura can be punctured. A new and safer approach is possible. Before penetrating the bone, the needle is positioned at the upper margin of the transverse process, 5 mm away from the pedicle. To achieve this positioning, the needle must puncture the skin 1~1.5 cm laterally and 3~5 mm cranially to the target point on the bone. This approach was used for 10 patients and we achieved good results with no serious complication.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.266-270
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• 2020

뇌전증에 의한 전신 발작 시 발생한 강력한 근육 수축에 의한 근골격계 손상이 발생할 수 있다. 외상 및 기저질환 없이 전신 발작 후 발생한 다발성 흉추 골절에 대한 국외 증례는 많지만 국내의 연구나 증례보고는 없다. 이전에 골다공증이나 특이 질환이 없는 42세 남자 환자의 수면 중 전신 간대성 발작에 의한 다발성 흉추 골절을 진단하였기에 증례를 보고하는 바이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.204-207
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• 2005

Background: Transpedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty, along with kyphoplasty of the thoracic vertebrae, is technically more difficult than those of the lumbar vertebrae due to the anatomical differences. During the last four years, all the percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty of the thoracic vertebrae carried out at our institution were performed using a transpedicular approach; therefore, we tried to find if there were any problems or complications associated with the process. Methods: The medical records of all the patients who had undergone thoracic percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty were retrospectively reviewed. The following were looked up: the procedure name, unipedicular or bipedicular, the level of the thoracic vertebrae treated, and the pre- and postoperative changes in the Visual Analog Scales (VAS), the volume of cement injected and complications. Results: In the last four years, 58 vertebral bodies in 58 patients were treated. Twelve and 46 vertebral bodies were treated by kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, respectively. A total of 58 mid and lower thoracic levels were treated: T5 (n=1), T6 (n=1), T7 (n=3), T8 (n=4), T9 (n=1), T10 (n=4), T11 (n=14) and T12 (n=30). The mean preoperative and postoperative VAS scores were $8.1{\pm}1.4$ and $5.2{\pm}1.7$, respectively. The mean volume of cement injected was $4.01{\pm}1.85ml$; $3.18{\pm}0.60ml$ at T5-8 and $4.22{\pm}2.27ml$ at T9-12. There were no clinical complications, such as pedicular fracture or cement leakage. Conclusions: Although transpedicular vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty at the mid to lower thoracic vertebral bodies is technically difficult compared to that at the lumbar region, the procedures can be performed safely.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1234-1238
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• 2017

Objective: The vertebral number is associated with body length and carcass traits, which represents an economically important trait in farm animals. The variation of vertebral number has been observed in a few mammalian species. However, the variation of vertebral number and quantitative trait loci in sheep breeds have not been well addressed. Methods: In our investigation, the information including gender, age, carcass weight, carcass length and the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae from 624 China Kazakh sheep was collected. The effect of vertebral number variation on carcass weight and carcass length was estimated by general linear model. Further, the polymorphic sites of Vertnin (VRTN) gene were identified by sequencing, and the association of the genotype and vertebral number variation was analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance model. Results: The variation of thoracolumbar vertebrae number in Kazakh sheep (18 to 20) was smaller than that in Texel sheep (17 to 21). The individuals with 19 thoracolumbar vertebrae (T13L6) were dominant in Kazakh sheep (79.2%). The association study showed that the numbers of thoracolumbar vertebrae were positively correlated with the carcass length and carcass weight, statistically significant with carcass length. To investigate the association of thoracolumbar vertebrae number with VRTN gene, we genotyped the VRTN gene. A total of 9 polymorphic sites were detected and only a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs426367238) was suggested to associate with thoracic vertebral number statistically. Conclusion: The variation of thoracolumbar vertebrae number positively associated with the carcass length and carcass weight, especially with the carcass length. VRTN gene polymorphism of the SNP (rs426367238) with significant effect on thoracic vertebral number could be as a candidate marker to further evaluate its role in influence of thoracolumbar vertebral number.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2003

The fused thoracic vertebra and deformity of the lumbar vertebrae in the female Thoroughbred horse were observed macroscopically. The 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae (T) were partially fused. They were composed of three parts between the spinous process of the 11th and 12th T, left and right caudal articular processes of the 11th T, and left and right cranial articular processes of the 12th T. The vertical surface of cranial articular process of the 11th T and left mamillary process of the 12th T were absent. The left caudal part of the transverse process of the 12th T and left costal fovea of the transverse process of the 12th T were severely deformed. On the other hand, the left transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra (L) was a typical rib-like transverse process and two times longer than the right transverse process of the 2nd L. The right transverse process of 4th L has an oval concave facet on the medial part of caudal border for articulation with the right transverse process of 5th L; the latter has a corresponding convex facet on the medial part of the cranial border in the right transverse process of the 5th L.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.52.1-52.8
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• 2021

Background: The normal vertebral anatomy of Korean raccoon dogs and their variants require research attention as a prerequisite for identifying pathologies and anomalies. Objectives: This retrospective study aimed at describing the vertebral formula and congenital vertebral anomalies in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). Methods: Radiographs of 82 raccoon dogs (42 males, 40 females) acquired from May 2013 to June 2020 in the Gangwon Wildlife Medical Rescue Center were reviewed to evaluate the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of the spine. Results: Normal morphology of all vertebrae was observed in 50 of the 82 raccoon dogs, and the vertebral formula was cervical 7, thoracic 13, and lumbar 7. Congenital vertebral anomalies were found in 32 raccoon dogs: transitional vertebrae (TV) in 31 and block vertebrae in 2. Two raccoon dogs had 2 types of vertebral anomalies: one had TV and block vertebra, and the other had 2 types of TV. Twenty-nine raccoon dogs had thoracolumbar TV (TTV) and 3 had lumbosacral TV. TTV was morphologically classified into 4 different types: unilateral extra-rib in 5 raccoon dogs, bilateral extra-ribs in 14, bilateral elongated transverse processes in 4, and an asymmetric mixed formation of extra-rib with elongated transverse process in 6. Conclusions: This study showed that TTV is common in Korean raccoon dogs, and that the vertebral formula is relatively diverse. The bilateral extra-ribs type TTV is the most common variant, which is almost similar to normal rib to be confused the radiographic evaluation.