Kang, Won Ki;Han, Dong Gil;Kim, Sung-Eun;Lee, Yong Jig;Shim, Jeong Su
Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
/
v.22
no.2
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pp.93-98
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2021
Background: Pediatric nasal fractures, unlike adult nasal fractures, are treated surgically as early as 7 days after the initial trauma. However, in some cases, a week or more elapses before surgery, and few studies have investigated the consequences of delayed surgery for pediatric nasal fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of pediatric nasal fractures according to the time interval between the initial trauma and surgery. Methods: The records of pediatric patients under 12 years old who underwent closed reduction of nasal bone fracture from March 2012 to February 2020 were reviewed. The interval between trauma and surgery was divided into within 7 days (early reduction) and more than 7 days (delayed reduction). Postoperative results were classified into five grades (excellent, good, moderate, poor, and very poor) based on the degree of reduction shown on computed tomography. Results: Ninety-eight patients were analyzed, of whom 51 underwent early reduction and 47 underwent delayed reduction. Forty-two (82.4%) of the 51 patients in the early reduction group showed excellent results, and nine (17.6%) showed good results. Thirty-nine (83.0%) of the 47 patients in the delayed reduction group showed excellent results and eight (17.0%) showed good results. No statistically significant difference in outcomes was found between the two groups (chi-square test p= 0.937). However, patients without septal injury were significantly more likely to have excellent postoperative outcomes (chi-square test p< 0.01). Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found in the outcomes of pediatric nasal fractures between the early and delayed reduction groups. Successful surgical results were found even in patients who received delayed reduction (more than 7 days after trauma).
Chae, Han;Han, Sang Yun;Cheon, Jin Hong;Kim, Kibong
The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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v.33
no.3
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pp.30-41
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2019
Objectives Development of objective clinical measure for analyzing pediatric weakness has been studied. However, there is no gold standard clinical measures with acceptable validity and reliability were not provided yet and these has been major issue for clinics. Methods Some Korean medicine hospital outpatients (n=324) were recruited as participants, and 55 preliminary questions were given. Pediatric Weakness Scale (PWS) with five subscales and thirty questions were developed using factor analysis and item analysis. The internal consistency of PWS subscales were examined with using Cronbach's alpha. The correlations between PWS subscales and physical characteristics of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ponderal Index (PI) were attested using Pearson's correlation. The differences between PWS subscale scores and profiles among 3 to 13 years old children were examined using profile analysis and ANOVA by gender. Results PWS five subscales explained 49.1% of total variance, and the range of Cronbach's alpha was from 0.700 to 0.803. The range of correlation coefficient between PWS total score and five subscales was from 0.643 to 0.748, and the PWS total score was significantly (p<0.001) correlated positively with BMI (r=-0.237) and negatively with PI (r=-0.280). The scores and profiles of PWS five subscales, BMI and PI were found to be significantly different among the all age groups. Conclusions Objective and validated clinical measure for analyzing pediatric weakness with five subscales was developed in current study, and foundations for screening, managing and treating pediatric weakness during the development were established as well. This study would contribute to the integrative education and clinical practice of the Eastern and Western medicine.
Purpose: This study was designed to understand the doctor's attitude toward hospice and palliative care for terminal cancer patients. Methods: Specialists who work at general hospital were surveyed with questionnaires about hospice and palliative care for terminal cancer patients. The questionnaires comprise 17 items. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: Eighty one doctors responded. Their median age was 35 years old. Thirty six doctors (44.4%) were from internal medicine. The median of specialist's experience was 4 years. Forty three respondents (53.2%) have rarely examined and treated cancer patients even a week. Thirty seven respondents (45.6%) knew the exact definition of hospice and palliative care. Eighty respondents (98.8%) felt that hospice and palliative care is necessary, and 91.2% of them responded the necessity of palliative medicine specialist. As to the question 'Do you positively referred terminal cancer patient to hospice and palliative care?', 55 respondents (67.9%) responded 'Yes' and 22 (27.2%) 'No'. Among the 'Yes' respondents 17 (30.9%) had an experience of hesitation for referring patients to hospice and palliative care; the most common reason was the disagreement of family members (6, 35.3%). As for the reasons of responding 'No', 6 doctors (27.2%) did so because of their 'feeling of abandoning the patients' and the other f for the 'lack of information on the referral procedure for hospice and palliative care'. Thirty seven specialists (45.7%) thought it is most desirable for the patients to have hospice and palliative care for 3 months before death. Fifty eight specialists (71.6%) responded that hospice and palliative care help controlling the patient's psychological symptoms before all. Conclusion: While most doctors recognize the need of hospice and palliative care for patients with terminal ranter, their attitude toward hospice and palliative care was rather reserved. We suggest that continuing education, information and promotion for hospice and palliative care should be provided for doctors.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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v.12
no.1
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pp.138-148
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2001
The focus of the research was on identifying the risk factors that may result in unprepared intercourse among the adolescent from an ecological systems prospective. A survey questionnaire was conducted from September through December 1999 to 2326 youths, ages from 13-18 years old. After eliminating thirty respondents from Unwed Mother's Home we found that 8.8% of the remaining respondents had experienced sexual intercourse. Of those, 5% of the female and 13.4% of male adolescents has had sexual intercourse, showing 2.7 times more for the male sample population. Broken down to age groups, 3.2% of the thirteen years old group and 19.2% of the eighteen years old group had experienced intercourse, an almost six fold increase in the older age group. To find out the differences between those who had and not had experienced intercourse the group was then divided into two comparative groups by same sex and age variables. Findings from comparative analysis identified five ecological system risk factors among the youth sample that had intercourse;First, individual factor:adolescents who thought less of themselves or didn't consider their potentials, those more exposed other risk behaviors such as drinking, smoking, drugs, runaway and come in contact with pornography, those who thought they knew more about sex and etc. Second, family factor:those who thought family was less important, had less supportive family, higher or lower income family and etc. Third, peer factor:Both groups thought friends were important and had their support. The group with intercourse experience seems to be think that more peers are experiencing other risk behavior. Fourth, school factor:Those in the group who had experienced intercourse seems to think school is less important and with lower academic achievements. Fifth, community factor:There were no statistical significant differences found between the two groups. The overall results from this study implies that if we want to prevent our youths from having unprepared intercourse during adolescence the significance of having meaningful emerging self, family relationship and school experience is important. This study identified the risk factors leading to adolescent sexual intercourse but further research is necessary in finding out about their predictability.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the spectrum of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in the children presenting with short-term abdominal pain. Methods: Thirty one children with short term abdominal pain for less than 1 month from January 1995 to May 2004 who were examined using gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy were reviewed retrospectively. Children presenting with acute abdominal pain unrelated to proper GI were excluded from this study. Results: Male patients were 16 and female were 15. Three patients were 1~5 years old, 15 were 6~10 years old, and 13 were 11~15 years old. The duration of the abdominal pain was less than 7 days in 23 patients, 10 days in 1, 20 days in 2, and 30 days in 4. The major accompanying symptoms were vomiting (15), diarrhea (4), melena (1), hematemesis (1), and fever (2). Using endoscopy, 6 patients were found to have hemorrhagic gastritis, 5 nodular gastritis, 4 duodenal ulcer, 3 gastric ulcer, 3 reflux esophagitis, 2 nodular duodenitis, 2 superficial gastritis, 2 erosive hemorrhagic duodenitis, 2 ulcerative colitis, 1 duodenogastric reflux, and 1 esophageal polyp. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was positive in 10 patients. The age and sex ratio, duration of abdominal pain, site of abdominal pain, and duration of abdominal pain between H. pylori- positive and negative children were different. However, only the site of abdominal pain (epigastric) showed statistical significance. All symptoms improved with medication for the GI mucosal lesions noted by the endoscopic findings. Conclusion: The author suggests that GI endoscopy be one of the important first steps in examinations to find out diverse GI mucosal lesions in the patients with short-term abdominal pain. Additionally, the examinations for H. pylori infection are important for these patients, also.
Thirty-seven species of insect pests were surveyed on different area blueberry farms in Jeonbuk province during 2013~2014. Six principal insect pests were found, including Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson, Aphis gossypii Glover, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Ricania sp., Hyphantria cunea Drury, and Latoia consocia Walker. A. gossypii infestation was severe at Iksan and Jinan in middle May. S. dorsalis infestation was severe at all surveyed area in early June, which is the flowering season, and the degree of damage caused was higher in young plants. Ricania sp. was abundant in Jinan and Sunchang, and then appeared to spread across all areas in Jeonbuk. H. cunea had a tendency to concentrate in Iksan during June. Five species of Limacodidae was found, including L. consocia, which was dominant in all areas surveyed, with densities higher then those of the others four species. The degree of damage due to D. oxycoccana was higher in the plain areas (Iksan) than in the middle-mountain areas (Jinan, Sunchang). The rate of damage was 60~78% higher in young plant stages (i.e., those under 3 years of tree age) than in those over 5 years old (30~50%). Moreover, the rate of damage observed in greenhouses was 50~80% higher than that observed in the field (30~40%).
The surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] was initiated by Blalock and Taussig in 1945 with the establishment of the subclavian artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis. In an imaginative and daring effort, in 1954, Lillehei and collaborators [1955] using controlled cross-circulation, carried out the first intracardiac repair of TOF by closing the ventricular septal defect [VSD] and relieving the pulmonary stenosis under direct vision. Nowadays, total correction is the ideal operation for treatment of TOF and is accomplished with extracorporeal circulation. And the results of surgery for TOF have steadily improved over the years, thanks to important contributions of many surgeons. Nevertheless because of its protean physiologic and anatomic presentation, TOF continues to offer challenges to cardiologist and cardiac surgeons. Thirty two cases of TOF have undergone total corrective surgery using extracorporeal circulation in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, from Oct. 1985 to Feb. 1990. Clinical considerations were applied to these cases and the results were obtained as follows. 1. The heart lung machine used for extracorporeal circulation was SarnsO 7000, 5-head roller pump, and the number and type of oxygenators were 10 of bubble type and 22 of membrane type. The mean bypass time was 148.9 minutes and the mean aortic cross clamp time was 123.8 minutes. The GIK [glucose-insulin-potassium] solution was used as cardioplegic solution for myocardial protection during operation. 2. 20 cases were male and 12 were female, the mean age was 8 years old and the mean body weight was 25Kg. 3. The preoperative symptoms were cyanosis [29 cases], squatting [27 cases] and etc. The mean values of preoperative Hb., Hct., and SaO2 were 16.5 gm /dl, 50.3%, and 78.5%. 4. Combined anomalies were noticed in 16 cases [50%]. Among them 10 cases were PFO and 6 cases were ASD. 5. The degree of aorta overriding were 25% in 5 cases, 25 ~ 50% in 22 cases and above 50% in 5 cases. The dPA/Ao [ratio of diameter of pulmonary artery trunk to ascending aorta] were below 25% in 5 cases, 25 ~ 50% in 10 cases, 50 ~ 70% in 6 cases and above 75% in 11 cases. 6. The types of RVOT [right ventricular outflow tract] stenosis were valvular and infundibular in 14 cases [43.6%], diffuse hypoplastic type in 12 cases [37.5%], infundibular in 5 cases, and valvular and supravalvular in 1 case. 7. One stage radical corrective surgery was applied to the all cases. In widening of the RVOT, 3 types of patches were used: MVOP [monocusp ventricular outflow patch, Polystan BioprosthesesO] in 3 cases, knitted Dacron vessel patches in 2 cases, and double layer with bovine pericardium and woven Dacron prosthesis in 26 cases. 8. Postoperative complications were occurred in 15 cases. Among them, low output syndrome were occurred in 10 cases [31.3%] and 2 of them were expired postoperatively.
Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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v.42
no.3
/
pp.209-217
/
2015
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of Q-ray view (All-in-one Bio, Seoul, Korea) in detection of proximal caries in primary molars with sound marginal ridges. Thirty two children aged 3-9 years (average $5.6{\pm}1.3$ years old) were chosen, and two examiners evaluated 100 proximal surfaces of primary molars with sound marginal ridges. The teeth were examined with; (a) visual examination, (b) Q-ray view, (c) DIAGNOdent (KaVo, Biberach, Germany) and (d) digital periapical radiography. Kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement between each examination method and the degree of caries progression. The kappa values for enamel caries were 0.15 (visual examination), 0.10 (Q-ray view), 0.25 (DIAGNOdent) and 0.68 (digital periapical radiography). The kappa values for dentinal caries were 0.34 (visual examination), 0.56 (Q-ray view), 0.44 (DIAGNOdent) and 0.70 (digital periapical radiography). Although Q-ray view showed low diagnostic ability in detection of enamel caries, it was effective in detection of hidden proximal caries extended into dentin. Q-ray view would be a useful and simple device which could aid pediatric dentists in detection of hidden proximal caries in primary molars especially when examining uncooperative children or disabled persons.
Kim, Hye-Ok;Kim, Min-Ji;Yeon, Myeong-Jin;Cha, Sun-Wha;Koong, Mi-Kyoung;Song, In-Ok
Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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v.35
no.3
/
pp.213-221
/
2008
Objective: To evaluate predictor of IVF outcomes following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 919 IVF cycles with elevated basal serum FSH (${\geq}12\;mIU/mL$), the number of retrieved oocytes ${\geq}4$ and serum $E_2$ concentration on hCG day <500 pg/ml between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 2006. Two hundred thirty five IVF cycles following single embryo transfer were included. Pregnancy rates and live birth rates was evaluated according to maternal age, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, basal FSH level, the number of blastomere on day 3 ET, stimulation protocol, the number of cycles of ET. Statistical analysis was used SPSS 12.0 program. Results: OPU cancellation rates were 25.6% (235 cycles), OPU failure rates were 18.5% (170 cycles), embryo transfer cancellation rates were 14.0% (129 cycles). Pregnancy rates following single embryo transfer was 8.1% (19 cycles) and live birth rates was 4.7% (11 cycles). Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of women under 35 years old was statistically higher than those of women above 35 years old (20% vs. 3.5% (p<0.0001), 12.3% vs. 1.8%, (p=0.002)). There was no difference in basal FSH, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, and the number of blastomere on ET, and stimulation protocol. Cumulative pregnancy rates according to the number of cycles of ET were $1^{st}$ 8.1%, $2^{nd}$ 9.2%, $3^{rd}$ 9.7%, $4^{th}$ 9.0%, and $5^{th}$ 9.5%. Conclusion: Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of IVF-ET cycles following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve are statistically increased in women under 35 yrs old. There is no difference in cumulative pregnancy rates. These data may be helpful for counseling women with decreased ovarian reserve in attempting IVF with their own eggs or when choosing donor oocytes.
Previous studies have focused on the causes of root resorption after orthodontic treatment and treatment methods to reduce this phenomenon, and have been mainly associated with developed, mature roots. As parents become increasingly interested in their children's' dentition, orthodontists are performing fixed orthodontic treatment on patients of less than 10 years and before the completion of the immature root. Thus, the author evaluated the changes of root length and root form of maxillary immature incisors after orthodontic treatment, compared with those of mature teeth, and investigated the correlation according to gender, treatment duration, and displacement of incisors. The sample consisted of an immature root group of twenty-eight persons (between 8 and 10 years old) and a mature root group of thirty-one persons (between 11 and 15 years old). The crown and root length of the maxillary four incisors were measured with a periapical radiograph, changes in root length and crown-root ratio were calculated, and root form was classified according to a scoring system. The results were as follows. 1. The development of immature roots was not affected by orthodontic treatment and mostly showed normal root length and apical form. 2. Root length of immature teeth was sustained or became shorter, partially in long treatment duration or with open bite patients. Even though the teeth reached their normal root length, they demonstrated a blunt form. 3. Most of the mature roots showed mild resorption, and the form of mature roots was more blunt than the developed form of the immature roots (p<0.05). 4. The developed form of the immature roots was statistically related to treatment duration, while the form of the mature roots was significantly related to the displacement of incisors (p<0.05). 5. In contrast, other variables such as gender, classification of malocclusion, changes in overbite, and changes of U1 to SN showed no correlation with the root resorption of both groups.
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