• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.543-546
• /
• 2004

The inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation with electrons in the intracluster medium which has a temperature gradient, was examined by the third-order perturbation theory of the Compton scattering. A new type of the spectrum distortion of the CMB was found and named as gradient T Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (gradT SZE). The spectrum has an universal shape. There is a zero distortion point, the cross over frequency, at 326GHz. When the hotter region locates closer to an observer, the intensity becomes brighter than the CMB in the frequency region lower than the cross over frequency and fainter than the CMB in the frequency region higher than the cross over frequency. When the cooler region locates closer to an observer, the distorted part of the spectrum has an opposite sign to the above case. The amplitude of the spectrum distortion does not de-pend on the electron density and depends on the heat conductivity and the total temperature variation along a line of sight. Therefore, the gradT SZE provides an unique opportunity to measure thermally nonequilibrium electron momentum distribution function in the ICM and combined with the X-ray measurements of the electron temperature distribution provides an opportunity of direct measurement of the heat conductivity in the ICM.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development and characteristics of Dymaxion housing by R. B. Fuller, who is generally known as a structure engineering, architect and his influences. A document research method was used to analyze and classified of his dymaxion housing projects focused on the late of 1920's. Through this study, the following conclusions have been reached; 1) In order to obtain the productivity and efficiency drawing from the industrialized housing in the early of 1900s, the planning concepts of 'Dymaxion', 'Ehemeralization' and 'Autonomy' were proposed. 2) The planning characteristics of Dymaxion housing projects are classified as three aspects. The first is 'formative aspects' which was focused on the round-shape, transparency and lightweight material such as aluminium for movable and flexible dwelling. The second is 'functional aspects', focused on the mass-production, mobility, flexibility, high-tech and systemizing mechanical equipments for efficiency of household affairs. The third is 'environmental aspects', focused on the energy-saving and environmental control for sustainable dwelling. Dymaxion housing projects of Fuller, an aggregation of high-tech mechanical equipments, had a great impact on the development the concept of mobility and influenced radical and utopian architectural groups' ideas of 1960's. Especially, considering today's high cost of energy and the limited natural resources, Fuller's Dymaxion theory must be re-evaluated.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.93-105
• /
• 1994

Nursing is indeed a practice discipline with experiential learning in clinical practice areas comprising an overwhelming portion of a Nursing Student's education. The statement is used to provide a basis for discussion of some issues involved in relation to clinical nursing education. However the lack of substantial research in the area of clinical nursing education would suggest that this 'heart' of the nursing student's professional education has olng been ignored. The purpose of this study is to critically review and analysis then suggest effective approaches of clinical nursing education. First. the curriculum can be developed by faculty consistently. Curriculum design begins with the writing of philosophy and the selection of objectives for the program. The philosophy must include a statement of beliefs and intrinc values about human being. nursing and teaching learning process. Second. faculty practice can be narrowed practice-theory gaps. Third. clinical teaching strategies can be used many different methods in order to facilitate development of clinical judgement and decision making. Fourth, clinical teacher's rols can influence student's learning attitude and intrinsic value; relating to students as mature individuals; creating an atomosphere where in the student felt comfortable approaching the instructor; providing support crisis situations. Fifth. clinical nursing evaluation can be developed the integrated models.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2014

The objective of this article, positively recognizing existing researches, is to revisit some aspects regarding the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala with a square grid work which is a fundamental planning guideline to control the construction of a Hindu temple and a mathematical doctrine to lead ritual programs. Hence, this paper suggests some reservations as to certain details such as temple constructions. In order to lay hold on its meaning, this paper touches upon the specific matters about the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala in the building construction of Hindu temples, which set out to shed light on four concerns; first, it explores the formation process of the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala in concert with the evolution of Hindu temples over time; second, it considers differences and similarities in comparison with other texts intimately articulated with the construction of temples, and then understands the relationship between their local languages and applications to the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala; third, it examines the symbolic and sanctified process of the temple's construction on the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala grids with two- or three-dimensional computer graphics (by means of the Auto Cad and Rhino tools), invisibly situating the divinities within it and illuminating the roles of ornamentation in the structural terms of temples; fourth, it presents that there are another rules on the building construction based upon architect-priest's craftsmanship skilled as a stonemason or a carpenter in the manual processes of the temples' construction for proper measurements and truncations of stone and wood closely linked together structural stability of completed temples. In conclusion, proceeding from what has been said above, this thesis shows that the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala grid includes both practical and spiritual meanings to construct a Hindu temple.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2011

The purpose of the study was to examine the case of Regional Learning Network and present the implications for Consortium training Programs for small and middle-sized corporations in Korea. I found a following findings in Alesund regional learning network. First, companies participated regional learning network on their own initiative. Second, companies developed their innovation competency and had a chance to implement change management programs in order to cope with dynamic environment. Third, regional learning network was designed based on organization learning theory which make it possible to create, experiment and share the common knowledge for paticipating companies. Based on the these findings, implications for Consortium training Programs for small and middle-sized corporations in Korea was presented.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.123-143
• /
• 2014

This research was based on achievement goal theory which categorizes young children's motivation into three types: mastery, the performance-approach, and performance-avoidance motivation. The participants consisted of forty-eight pairs of children aged 3-4 and their mothers. The participants completed two tasks in order to indentify their motivational types. The short form of the Child Behaviour Questionnaire(CBQ-SF), modified scales from Kim and Kim(2001), and the GIPEPS were also employed. The major findings of the research are as follows: First, in terms of the motivational types of the given sample, performance-approach motivation was ranked first followed by mastery motivation. Second, it was found that the temperament of young children was not related with their motivational types. Third, there were some differences in mother-child interaction between groups based on the frequency of feedback, questions, and the percentage of commands. Fourth, the mood of the relationship appeared to be the only factor of maternal interaction quality which related to children's mastery motivation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the cognition of Korean tradition and the required basic educational contents among interior architects. The survey had been made 277 designers and the major findings of this study are as follows. First. It is revealed that only a half of interior architect have been taught about Korean tradition in university and their level of knowledge is entry level. Therefore it is found that the education in university on the Korean tradition was not sufficient enough Second, it is believed that one ideal way of expressing Korean tradition is re-interpreting traditional motive with modern views and another way is to express abstractly about Korean traditional space arrangement, composition and space concept. It is found that substantial knowledge and information is required to express Korean tradition effectively. Third. it is found that a lot of interior architect has faced difficulties in carrying out projects because of not having sufficient knowledge related to Korean tradition. Therefore it is recommended to educate basic theory about Korean tradition first and then reinforce the program by including field trip In university curriculum. Fourth. it is necessary to re-educate to current Interior architect because of lacking knowledge about Korean tradition. The recommended area in priority order is traditional Interior space, traditional architecture, traditional color, traditional pattern and traditional furniture

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes an application methodology of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) based decision making theory for improvement priority by assessment of various risk factors affecting on deterioration of water supply systems, as major social infrastructure. AHP method is organized with three level of hierarchy which is introduced for multi-criteria decision making in this study. In the first level, assessment outputs are calculated by AHP for each affecting factor. In the second level, criteria are estimated by using assessment results with respect to structural and environmental factors. Consequently, ranking decision is performed in the third level. In order to present the effectiveness, a proposed method is compared with FCP(Fuzzy Composite Programming) for decision making. Since the results of the proposed method show better performance with consistent results, it can be applied as an efficient information for the determination for improvement priority of the study infrastructure.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 2014

This study comparatively analyzed the speed and segment coordination characteristics of Taekwondo hand techniques, while different attention focusing strategies were utilized. Ten elite Taekwondo poomsae athletes participated, and three different strategies (no focus, target focus, body focus) were utilized in random order. The hand velocity and upper body segment coordination characteristics were analyzed, with the following results. First, the maximum magnitudes of the hand velocity differed between the focus conditions for the Araenaereomakgi and Momtongjireugi techniques. Second, the angular velocity and kinetic energy transfer patterns of the segments differed between the focus conditions, and in the case of the body focus condition, the movement was more correct according to the theory. Third, the shoulder and elbow joint coordination patterns differed between the focus conditions, with more efficient movement shown with the body focus condition. In conclusion, we confirmed the potential of effectively using an attention focusing strategy in a taekwondo teaching situation. However, the effect on the movement coordination and results of the movement could be changed by a difference in the cue provided or the type of the task. In addition, depending on the task, the attention focusing strategy could affect the efficiency of the movement. Therefore, coaches and masters of Taekwondo will have to constitute determine the appropriate attention focusing cues based on the task.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.292-302
• /
• 2007

This is an empirical study on Korean traditional restaurant service providers and customers who get direct service from them. This study focuses on the service performance determiners; customer satisfaction, service quality, service providers' satisfaction and loyalty. In order to meet its purpose, we survey 1,000 customers who have visited Korean traditional restaurants. This survey uses the SERVPERF service quality measuring theory. The results are as follows: First, the service providers' satisfaction have an effect on service quality, so the supervisor of a Korean traditional restaurant should construct a HRM (Human Resources Management) system for increasing employees' satisfaction. Second, employees' loyalty is significant, but its effect is lower than their satisfaction. Third, service quality affects customers' satisfaction and loyalty significantly. Fourth, employees' satisfaction and loyalty considerably influences customers' satisfaction and loyalty. Consequently, restaurant managers put their effort into increasing employees' satisfaction, loyalty, and service quality.