• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of zinc on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane (AOM) followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice with high iron diet (HFe; 450 ppm iron). Sixweek old ICR mice were fed on high iron diets with combination of three different levels of zinc in diets, low-zinc (LZn; 0.01 ppm), medium-zinc (MZn; 0.1 ppm), and high-zinc (HZn; 1 ppm) for 12 weeks. Animals were received weekly intraperitoneal injections of AOM (10 mg/kg B.W. in saline) for 3 weeks followed by 2% DSS (molecular weight 36,000~50,000) in the drinking water for a week. To confirm the iron storage in the body, the hepatic iron concentration has been determine chemically and compared with histological assessment visualized by Prussian blue reaction. Aberrant crypt (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were analyzed in the colonic mucosa of mouse fed high dietary iron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level were also investigated. Apoptosis in the preneoplastic lesion was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL). In addition, immunohistochemistry of ${\beta}$-catenin was also performed on the mucous membrane of colon. The number of large ACF (${\geq}4$ AC/ACF), which possess greater tumorigenic potential, was significantly lower in MZn and HZn groups compared with LZn group. Cytosolic SOD activity in the liver was significantly higher in HZn group compared with LZn group. Hepatic MDA level was decreased significantly in HZn group compared with MZn and LZn groups. Apoptotic index was significantly higher in HZn group. Taken together, these findings indicate that dietary zinc might exert a protective effect against colonic preneoplastic lesion induced by AOM/DSS in ICR mice with high iron status, and suggest that dietary supplement of zinc might play a role in suppressing colon carcinogenesis in mice.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2018

고지방 식이 유도 비만 흰쥐에 Monascus purpureus균주로 발효시킨 참당귀 추출물을 식이에 첨가하였을 때 나타나는 체중 및 내장지방의 감소, 혈중 및 조직 내 중성지질 및 과산화지질 수준에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. FAG섭취로 인해 체중증가 및 내장지방 축적 비율을 효과적으로 낮추었으며, 간 기능 지표로 활용되는 혈중 AST, ALT, LDH 및 ALP 활성 변화는 정상 수치와 비슷한 수준으로 감소되었다. FAG를 섭취함으로서 혈중 중성지질 농도가 정상 수준으로 감소하였으며, 혈중 leptin 호르몬 함량 또한 정상 수치와 비슷한 수준으로 증가하였다. 고지방 식이 섭취로 인한 각 조직 과 혈청 내 과산화지질(TBARS)을 측정한 결과 고지방 식이만 섭취한 C군에 비해 각 실험군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 특히 FAG10군에서 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. Hematoxylin과 eosin 염색 및 Oil red O 염색을 통해 FAG를 섭취함에 따라 간장 내 지질침착도의 감소를 확인였으며, 부고환 주변 지방 조직의 hematoxylin과 eosin 염색으로 지방세포의 크기가 감소되었음을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2012

본 연구는 인진쑥을 첨가한 TMR 사료가 흑우육의 이화학적 품질 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하여 고품질의 기능성 흑우육 생산 가능성을 검토하였다. 대조군(control)은 인진쑥을 첨가하지 않은 비육우 사료를 급여하였고, 급여군(treatment)은 비육우 사료에 인진쑥을 첨가하였다. 총 catechin 함량은 대조군 및 급여군이 각각 0.262 및 0.379 mg/kg, epicatechin은 각각 0.042 및 0.059 mg/kg으로 급여군이 유의하게 높았다($p$ <0.05). 적색도($a^*$)는 급여군이 대조군보다 높았으나($p$ <0.05) 명도($L^*$) 및 황색도($b^*$)는 급여군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 pH, VBN 함량 및 총균수는 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 TBARS는 대조군이 급여군보다 높았고, EDA는 급여군이 대조군보다 높았다. 보수력, 동결감량, 해동감량 및 가열감량은 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경도 및 검성은 급여군이 대조군보다 높았고, 탄성은 대조군이 급여군보다 높았다($p$ <0.05). 그러나 응집성, 저작성 및 전단력은 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 생육의 색깔 및 향, 가열육의 맛, 풍미, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 대조군 및 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 인진쑥의 급여로 항산화 물질이 축적되어 흑우육의 색깔이 개선되고, 항산화력이 증가하는 효과가 있기 때문에 기능성 고품질 흑우육 생산을 위한 기능성 사료의 소재로서의 이용이 기대된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

규격돈의 비육돈육(B 등급육)에 0.3%의 쑥 분말을 첨가한 수육(B$_{+}$ 수육)과 첨가하지 않은 수육(B$_{0}$ 수육), 그리고 종빈돈에서 생산된 육(E 등급육)에 쑥 분말을 첨가한 수육(E$_{+}$ 수육)과 첨가하지 않은 수육(B$_{0}$ 수육)을 제조하고, 도체등급과 쑥 분말이 이화학적, 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 수육의 pH, 휘발성 염기질소 함량, 일반세균 수, 열량, 필수아미노산, 유리아미노산, 불포화지방산 조성, 황색도, 종합적 기호도는 원료육의 등급과 쑥 분말 첨가 유무에 관계없이 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. B$_{0}$수육의 보수력, 탄성 및 명도는 E$_{0}$ 수육보다 높았다(p＜0.05). B$_{0}$ 수육의 적색도는 E$_{0}$수육보다 낮게 나타났다(p＜0.05). B$_{0}$ 수육의 맛과 연도는 E$_{0}$ 수육보다 현저히 우수하였다(p<0.05). 쑥 분말 첨가에 의하여 수육의 보수력, TBARS 값 및 아질산이온 잔류량이 낮아졌다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.588-595
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• 2011

본 실험은 홍삼추출물의 농도별 처리를 통한 저염, 저지방 소시지 개발을 위하여 무처리(C), 아스코르빈산 나트륨 0.1%(V), 홍삼추출물(RGE) 0.5%(T1), 1%(T2) 및 1.5% (T3)를 첨가하여 품질 평가를 실시하였다. pH, 가열감량, CIE $b^*$은 T3처리구가 다른 시험구보다 높게 나타났으며(p<0.001). 명도(CIE $L^*$) 및 적색도(CIE $a^*$)는 낮게 낮아졌다(p<0.001). 또한, T3이 C보다 경도(hardness) 및 표면경도(surface hardness)가 낮게 나타났으나(p<0.01), 응집성(cohesiveness)은 RGE처리구가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 관능검사 측정결과 향기에서 T2 및 T3이 C 및 V보다 높게 나타내었지만(p<0.05), 육색, 맛, 조직감, 다즙성 및 종합적인 기호도는 시험구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 저장 1, 2 및 3주차의 TBARS에 있어 T3가 다른시험구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(p<0.01), T2 및 T3는 저장기간 동안 TBARS의 유의적인 변화가 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). VBN 및 총균수는 저장 3 및 4주차에는 RGE처리구가 C보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과, 1% 이상의 RGE첨가구가 지방산화, 향기, 미생물학적 측면에서 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

닭고기 가슴육의 저장성을 증진시키기 위해 저수준의 감마선을(0.5, 1.0, 1.5kGy) 조사하여 냉장저장 중 품질변화와 미생물학적 특성을 조사하였다. pH는 저장 1일에 감마선 처리구가 대조구보다 낮은 수준을 보였고 육즙손실은 저장 1일과 3일에 0.5와 1.0 kGy 수준의 방사선 처리구에서 대조군보다 높은 수준을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 육색 중 L과 a값은 저장 1일에 1.0과 1.5 kGy 수준으로 조사 처리한 경우 증가하였으나 b값은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총균수는 감마선 처리구가 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 나타내었으며, 대장균과 대장균군은 방사선 처리구에서 모두 검출되지 않았다. 또한 단백질변성도와 지방산패도를 나타내는 VBN과 TBARS 값은 방사선 처리구에서 대조군보다 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 결국 저수준의 방사선 처리가 닭고기 가슴육의 저장성을 증진시키기는 하지만 육즙손실 또한 증가시켜 추후 이를 감소시키기 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2016

Purple rice is a strain of glutaneous rice rich in anthocyanins and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. Both types of compounds are involved in antioxidant and lipid metabolism of mammals. Three experimental diet types were used which consisted approximately by half either of purple rice, white rice or corn. Diets were fed to $3{\times}10$ pigs growing from about 30 to 100 kg. Meat samples were investigated either as raw or cured loin chops or as smoked bacon produced from the belly. Various physicochemical traits were assessed and data were evaluated by analysis of variance. Traits describing water-holding capacity (drip, thaw, and cooking losses) and tenderness (sensory grading, shear force) of the meat were mostly not significantly affected by the diet type. However, purple rice feeding of pigs resulted in lower fat and cholesterol contents of loin and smoked bacon compared to white rice, but not compared to corn feeding except of the fat content of the loin. The shelf life of the raw loin chops was improved by purple rice as well. In detail, the occurrence of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after 9 days of chilled storage was three to four times higher in the white rice and corn diets than with purple rice. The n-6:n-3 ratio in the raw loin chops was 9:1 with purple rice and clearly higher with 12:1 with the other diets, meat lipids. Level and kind of effect of purple rice found in raw meat was not always recovered in the cured loin chops and the smoked bacon. Still the impression of flavor and color, as well as overall acceptability were best in the smoked bacon from the purple-rice fed pigs, whereas this effect did not occur in the cured loin chops. These findings suggest that purple rice has a certain, useful, bioactivity in pigs concerning meat quality, but some of these effects are of low practical relevance. Further studies have to show ways how transiency and low recovery in meat products of some of the effects can be counteracted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.271-284
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powders and water extracts of Paecilomyces tenuipes(P. tenuipes) and Cordyceps militaris(C. militaris) on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative capacity and immune status in rats. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 195$\pm$21g were grouped into five according to body weight. Ratw were raised for four weeks with diet containing either 4%, 2%(w/w) of dried P. tenuipes powders(TP-4, TP-2) or water extracts from equal amounts of each 4% P. tenuipes and C. militaris powder(TE-4, ME-4). Food intake, weight gain of all groups were not significantly different from those of control group. Lipid metabolism in general was not significantly different among all the groups. However both dried P. tenuipes powder lowered plasma cholesterol level slightly, water extract groups showed tendency of higher plasma HDL-cholesterol and lower liver cholesterol levels than control. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of all the experimental groups were lower than control group. Red blood cell(RBC) and liver superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were not generally different among all groups. Liver xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities of all groups were tended to be lower than control group. Proliferation of aplenocytes induced by mitogens, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, were increased in TP-2 group. The TP-4 group showed increased CD8 T cells and MHC class II expression without changes in CD4 T cells, B cells and G/M ratio, suggesting activated cytotoxic T cell activity in vivo. Increase of G/M ratio but not of MHC class II in TP-2 group indicated the possible acute inflammatory reaction by the ingested substances in gastrointestinal tract. ME-4 group showed enhanced cellular immunity without vigorous changes of immune parameters in brief periods. In conclusion, both P. tenuipes and C. militaris stimulated antioxidant capacity and immune status in rats. Among groups, water extract of C. militaris was most effective in both capacities, though dried powder of P. tenuipes at 2% dietary level was more effective in antioxidant activity, as various results by different strains were observed.(Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 271~284, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mulberry juice and cake powder on blood glucose and lipid status along with intestinal disaccharidase and erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were randomly assigned to one normal group, and eight STZ-induced diabetic groups: control diet group without mulberry juice and cake powders (DM-C), three mulberry juice powder groups (0.5%: DM-0.5J, 1%: DM-1J, 2%: DM-2J) and low mulberry cake powder groups (0.25%: DM-0.25C, 0.5%: DM-0.5C, 1%: DM-1 C, 2%: DM-2C). After three-week feeding of each experimental diet, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg body weight of STZ in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.3) via tail vein of eight DM groups. Rats were sacrificed at the 9th day of diabetic states. Level of blood glucose was 505 mg/dl in DM-C group but it was 28% and 39% lower in mulberry juice and cake powder fed groups, respectively, than the DM-C group. Activities of maltase, sucrase and lactase in proximal part of small intestine were significantly lower in the mulberry juice and cake powder groups by $42{\sim}47%$ than those of DM-C group. Erythrocytic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly reduced by STZ but increased close to normal levels along with less accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol by STZ-DM were reduced and increased respectively, to the norma] levels by the mulberry juice and cake powder. Except the levels of TBARS, the effects on the other measurements by the various dietary levels of mulberry juice and cake powder were almost same and the effect of the cake powder was most significant at the lowest level. These results indicate that mulberry juice and cake powders have consityerable hypoglycemic effect and strengthening antioxidant defense systems at the low levels in diabetic state and may be able to reduce diabetic complications.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary green tea catechin and vitamin E on the phospholipse {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX} activity and th antioxidative defense system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 gm were randomly assigned to one normal and five STZ-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were assigned either a catechin-free diet (DM group), 0.5% catechin diet (DM-0.5C group), 1% catechin diet (DM-1C group), vitamin E-free diet (DM-0E group), and 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet (DM-400E group) according to the levels of dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The vitamin E levels of the normal, DM, DM-0.5C, and DM-1C groups were 40 mg per kg diet. Diabetes was experimentally induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin after 4 weeks of feeding the five experimental diets. The animals were sacrificed on the 6th day of he diabetic state. The body weight gains were lower in all five diabetic groups after the STZ injection. The platelet phospholipase {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX}({TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}) activity in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the normal group. However, the enzyme activity in the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was lower than that in the DM and DM-0E groups. The cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} and cytochrome {TEX}$b_{5}${/TEX} content and NADPH-cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} reductase activity were about 50~110% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups than in the normal group, yet significantly reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in the liver did not differ significantly in any of the groups. However, the glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity was generally lower in the diabetic groups, compared with the normal group, whereas that of the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was significantly higher compared with that of the DM and DM-0E groups. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver tissue were 148% and 201% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups, respectively, compared with the normal group, however, these levels were reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation (DM-0.5, DM-1C and DM-400E). Accordingly, the present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited an imbalance between free radical generation and scavenger systems in the liver which led to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation. However, these abnormalities were reduced and the antioxidative defense system was restored by either dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. In conclusion, the effects of dietary catechin or vitamin E in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats would appear to inhibit lipid peroxidation as an anti-oxidant by regulating the activity of {TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}.