• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2001

A clinical observation by the tongue change as a diagnostic method was made on 36 week children visited to Dongeui Oriental Medical Hospital from August. 2001 to December 2001 and the observed results were summarized as follows. 1. Their symptoms have been observed with sequences of Resparatory diseases, Digestive, Neuromotor, Psycho-neurological, Urogenital diseases 2. Distribution of sex : male 22 cases, female 14 cases 3. Distribution of age : 0-6 years 24 cases, 7-18 years 12 cases 4. The texture of tongue was resulted in tongue color in pink-28 cases, red-8 case, and shape in thin-18 cases, swelling-6 cases, a fissured patten-5 cases, a prickly patten-4 cases, and a map patten-3 cases, and fur of the tongue in thin-26 cases, moisten-8 cases, deep-2 cases, and coating color of the tongue in thin and whitish-15 cases, thin and yellowish-9 cases, lack-8 cases, deep and whitish-4 cases. 5. The texture of tongue in connection with weak children was come out mostly normal state and the rest red color, a fissured patten, a prickly patten, deep coating, thin and yellowish etc appeared to cause of slight damage due to exogenous pathogenic fators and due to internal injury.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Thin children may have insufficient intake of energy and nutrients, resulting in reduced immune function and growth. This study aimed to identify the effects of multiple herb formula SEC-22 supplementation on growth, dietary changes, and picky eating behaviors in thin children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 79 children aged 2-5 years with poor appetites, BMI percentile < 25, and without any illness. Subjects were given either SEC-22 (n = 35) or placebo (n = 44) for 2 months and followed for an additional 2 months. Three-day dietary records, questionnaires on picky eating behaviors, and anthropometric measures were collected. RESULTS: Energy, carbohydrate intake, and feeding difficulty improved in both groups during the intervention period. However, changes were maintained only in the SEC-22 group after 2 months of follow-up post-supplementation. 'Frequency of trying to feed' was improved in the SEC-22 group compared to the placebo group after the first month of follow-up (P < 0.05). Intakes of potassium and thiamine were improved in the SEC-22 group compared to the placebo group after the first month of intervention (P < 0.05). 'Frequency of food reward', eating amount, and intakes of carbohydrate, potassium, and vitamin C showed significant improvement compared to the placebo group after the second month of follow-up (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that SEC-22 supplementation can improve parental feeding difficulty resulting from insufficient eating amount or picky eating as well as increase nutrient intake in thin children. Although these improvements were observable at least 2 months after supplementation, effects beyond this time frame need to be confirmed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

Purpose: Thin glomerular basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) is, along with the IgA nephropathy, the most common cause of asymptomatic hematuria in Korean children. TBMN is usually a benign renal disease not requiring treatment and is associated with a good prognosis, but some cases hematuria is indicative of a state of progressive renal insufficiency. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate clinical manifestations and renal prognosis of patients with TBMN. Methods: Among the 428 renal biopsies performed on children at Yeungnam University Hospital between January 2000 and February 2017, 167 patients were diagnosed as having TBMN. We retrospectively investigated 167 pediatric patients and identified 59 children with follow-up duration >3 years. Results: Among 59 patients, there were 33 boys and 26 girls. Mean age of onset of hematuria was $7.18{\pm}2.64$ years, and mean time from onset of disease until a renal biopsy was performed was $2.48{\pm}2.10$ years. There were no clinical features or laboratory findings among studied children to indicate decreased renal function during follow-up; however, one case progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to an unknown cause. There were seven patients among these related a positive family history of hematuria or renal insufficiency. Concluson: Although almost all patients had normal renal functions during follow-up, there were one patient who progressed to CKD and seven patients with family history of hematuria or renal insufficiency. Moreover, four among the 428 patients over 17 years underwent repeat renal biopsies, which showed results different from their earlier biopsies.Thus, large-scales studies may be required to determine long-term prognosis of TBMN in children, and further evaluation for Alport syndrome in TBMN cases is essential.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2002

We have plenty of study of adults diseases, but not much has been said about children. 79 children who had visited in the weak children of Dongeui Oriental Medical Hospital from March, 2002 to October, 2002, were the respondents of the Weak Child Questionnaire. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Their symptoms have been observed with sequences of respiratory diseases, Digestive diseases, Psycho-neurological diseases. 2. Distribution of sex and ages : male 38 cases, female 41 cases. $0{\sim}6$ years 60 cases, $7{\sim}12$ years 17 cases, $13{\sim}18$ years 2 cases. 3. The texture of complexion was resulted in face color and the region of the face : whitish-2/ cases. yellowish-27 cases, darkish-22 cases, blue-2 cases, flushed face-l case. Sangeun(山根)-blue : 59 cases, a lower eyelid- dark or light brown : 54 cases. the rests of color on face region didn't mean. 4. The texture of tongue was ended in tongue state : tongue form-not plump not haggard patten(57 cases), a pricky patten(12), a map patten(7), a fissured patten(3). tongue color- pink (57 cases), red(16), light white(6). coating color- thin white(61 cases), thin yellow(l0), lack(6), deep and white(2). tongue coating substance-thin(72 cases), moisten(5), dry(1), deep(1).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.308-321
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• 2001

Behavior modification is an approach to decrease degree of obesity through changing maladaptive eating habit and life style. It produces small amount of weight loss but it has few side effects and low dropout rate. It also has great effectiveness on maintenance of decreased weight. This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem in obese elementary school children. Sixty two students of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Thirty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty eight children in another school were assigned to control group. All subjects were healthy and were not on any type of obesity control. Behavior modification, in this study, was consisted of introduction, self-monitoring and stimuli control, education about diet and physical activities, individual counseling and reinforcement, requesting personal assistance, cognitive restructuring, and closing and long-term planning. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks from October 16 to December 22, 2000. Control group was not received any intervention. Data were collected before and after intervention by measuring physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem. Physical variables consisted of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat(percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat free mass), serum lipids(total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride) and serum leptin. The results were as follows ; 1. physical variables 1) Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. 4) Total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. LDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group. 2. Thin habit score was significantly increased in the experimental group. In subcategories of habit, thin scores of life style, attitude, social relationship, nutrition were signifi- cantly increased in the experimental group. 3. Self-esteem score was significantly increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass, thin habit, and self-esteem. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as safe and effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1997

목적 : 경피적 신생검에 의해 사구체신염으로 진단된 환아들 중 무증상성 요이상을 주소로 하였던 환아들을 대상으로 이들을 다시 단독 단백뇨군, 단독 혈뇨군, 혈뇨와 단백뇨를 동시 에 나타내는 군으로 세분한 후 이들 각각에서의 사구체신염의 종류와 발생빈도를 분석하였다. 방법 : 1986년 1월부터 1996년 12월 사이에 인제의대 부산백병원 소아과에 입원하여 신질환이 의심되어 초음파 유도하에 Tru-cut needle을 이용하여 경피적 신생검을 시행한 환아들 중에서 사구체신염으로 진단된 15세 이하의 환아 310례 중 무증상성 요이상을 동반하였던 134례를 대상으로 하였다. 환아들의 임상양상은 의무기록을 중심으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 전체 환아 310명 중 무증상성 요이상을 동반하였던 환아는 134명으로 전체의 43.2%를 차지하였다. 2) 무증상성 사구체신염 환아 중 원발성 사구체신염은 95명, 속발성 사구체신염은 39명으로 원발성 사구체신염이 더 많았으며, 원발성과 속발성 사구체신염의 발생 비는 2.44:1이었다. 이를 빈도순으로 살펴보면 IgA 신증이 26.9%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 알레르기 자반증성 신염이 17.9%, 미세병변을 보인 경우가 17.2%, thin GBM disease가 12.7%, B형 간염 바이러스와 연관된 사구체신염이 6.0%, 연쇄상구균 감염 후 사구체신염이 3.0%, 막증식성 사구체신염과 메산지움 증식성 사구체신염이 각각 2.2%, Alport 증후군이 1.5%, fibrillary 신염이 0.7%의 순이었고, 어느 곳에도 분류되지 못한 경우가 9.7%를 차지하였다. 3) 단백뇨와 혈뇨를 동시에 동반한 군에서의 사구체신염의 분포를 보면 IgA 신증이 34.6%, 알레르기 자반증성신염이 19%, 미세병변을 보인 경우가 17.7%, thin GBM disease가 8.9%, B형 간염 바이러스와 연관된 사구체신염이 6.3%, 연쇄상구균 감염후 사구체신염이 3.6%, 메산지움 증식성 사구체신염과 막증식성 사구체신염 그리고 Alport 증후군이 각각 1.2%를 차지하였다. 4) 단독 혈뇨군에서의 사구체신염의 분포를 보면 thin GBM disease가 19.6%. IgA 신증과 알레르기 자반증성 신염이 각각 17.6%, 미세병변을 보인 경우가 11.8%, B형 간염 바이러스와 연관된 사구체신염과 막증식성 사구체신염 그리고 메산지움 증식성 사구체신염이 각각 3.9%, 연쇄상구균 감염 후 사구체신염과 Alport 증후군 그리고 fibrillary 신염이 각각 2.0%를 차지하였다. 5) 단독 단백뇨군은 4례 였는데 미세병변을 보인 경우가 3례, B형 간염 바이러스와 연관된 사구체신염이 1례를 차지하였다. 결론 : 혈뇨와 단백뇨를 동시에 동반하였던 군이 79례로 58.9%, 단독 혈뇨군이 51례로 38.1%, 단독 단백뇨군이 4례로 3%를 차지하여 혈뇨와 단백뇨를 동시에 동반한 군이 가장 많았다. 전체적인 사구체신염의 발생빈도를 살펴보면 IgA신증, 알레르기 자반증성 신증, 미세병변을 보인 경우, thin GBM disease순이었고, 혈뇨와 단백뇨를 동시에 동반한 군에서는 IgA 신증이, 단독 혈뇨군에서는 thin GBM disease가 가장 많았다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate weight gain effects of the Sungjangjeungbo-tang (Ch$\acute{e}$ngzh$\check{a}$ngz$\bar{e}$ngb$\check{u}$-tang) on thin Korean preschool children. Methods : Sungjangjeungbo-tang is composed of 9 herbs for treating indigestion. We analyzed 119 preschool children who visited Kim Kijoon Oriental Clinic BOM from Jan. 1, 2006 to Aug. 31, 2011 with three criteria: 1) 2~5yrs of age and BMI < 50th percentile on the baseline visit; 2) the child had taken the Sungjangjeungbo-tang for 1~3 month(s); and 3) the clinic had records of both height and weight on the baseline and at least once over 1~3 month(s). Results : Sungjangjeungbo-tang significantly improved BMI percentile in all groups. The changes in BMI percentile variations were larger in the 3 months group than in other groups, but not significantly. Gender, age and BMI on the baseline had no significant effects on the effectiveness of Sungjangjeungbo-tang. Conclusions : Sungjangjeungbo-tang positively affected on weight gain in thin Korean preschool children within 1~3 month(s) of treatment. However, additional studies on functional dyspepsia or the change of energy intake were needed to know the factors related to weight gains.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2011

Purpose: In treatment of facial bone fracture, occurred in children, we generally use wires, miniplate, absorbable plate or their combination. These foreign bodies can be palpable, and sometimes may cause infections, and need reoperation for removing. When bone fragments are multiple, small or thin, they are hard to handle and make accurate reduction of all fragments. In these cases, a biodegradable tissue adhesive, Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ (n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate), can be used as fixation technique for small, multiple, and thin fracture fragments. Methods: 3 years old and 6 years old children, who has comminuted fracture on frontal sinus, we used Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ for fixation of multiple bone fragments. After approaching by coronal incision, we pulled out all bone fragments and reconstructed bone fragments by Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ and fixed those on frontal sinus by absorbable plates. Results: Photographs and 3-dimensional CT obtained preoperatively and postoperatively. And we compared them each other in terms of accuracy of reconstructed bony contour. We could reconstruct almost all bone fragments easily along 3-dimensional structure and get excellent aesthetic results. There was no complication such as infection. Conclusion: In treatment of comminuted facial bone fracture, occurred in children, Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ is an excellent method for accurate reconstruction in small and thin bone fragments which cannot be fixed by wire, miniplate or absorbable plate without complication.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.578-585
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• 2000

This study was aimed at examine eating behavior and food preferences of children in preschool nursery facilities. A survey was conducted on parents using questionnaires including general characteristics, eating behavior, and food habits at home and food preferences of children in 6 nursery facilities. The children involved in this study were 150 boys and 154 girls, aged 1 to 7 years old. Sixty three percent(187 children) of the children were on 'regular' meal times, and 37.0%(110 children) were on 'irregular' meal times. The major reason for their irregular meal times were 'their' concentration on other tasks'(26.6%) and 'no appetite'(25.5%). The meal eaten best by children was 'dinner' while that eaten worst was 'breakfast'. The major type of their eating habit problem was 'unbalanced diet'(62.1%), and their mothers' response to the unbalanced diet was 'trying to persuade the child'(71.6%). The number of snacks at home was one or twice a day(97.3%), and 'preference'(67.8%) was the main reason for selecting particular snacks. Their preferred staple foods were 'cooked rice with meat & vegetables and Chinese noodles', and 'noodles with bean sauce', and their preferred soup was 'seaweed soup' Also, their most preferred meat dishes were 'fried chicken' and 'thin sliced barbecued beef. Children preferred side dishes with animal foods to those with vegetable foods. Since children liked mixed dishes, it seems desirable to introduce foods which children dislike as ingredients in mixed dishes.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine sex and grade differences in children's body shape, body image perception and diet behavior and to identify the effect of children's body shape and body image perception on their eating behavior. Data were collected from 345 3rd and 6th graders by questionnaire and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Scheff. Girls' body image perception was more negative than boys' and 6th graders' was more negative than 3rd graders'. Self-perceived obese children had more negative body image and had attempted to go on a diet more often than children who thought themselves normal or thin. The more children perceived their body image negatively, the more they attempted to go on a diet and perceived food and eating negatively.