• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.547-554
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• 1994

This study was carried out in order to find out the soft tissue profile changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction in Angle's class I malocclusion patients. For this study fifty two female adult patients (Maximum Retraction Group 23, Minimum Retraction Group 29) who received orthodontic treatment were chosen. Following conclusions were obtained by analysing the changes of soft tissue and hard tissue before and after treatment. 1. When considering the mean changes of soft tissue and hard tissue, UP, LIP, Ls, Li (p<0.001), Point B, Si (p<0.01), Point A, Ss (p<0.05) were significant posterior movement in Maximum Retraction Group and UIP (p<0.001), LIP, Ls, Li (p<0.01), Point B, Si (p<0.05) were significant posterior movement in Minimum Retraction Group. 2. When considering the correlations between hard tissue and soft tissue changes, greater correlations were found in Minimum Retraction Group between UIP and Ls (p<0.01), Point A and Ss, UIP and Li, Point B and Si (p<0.05) than Minimum Retraction Group. 3. Correlations (p<0.01) were found between upper incisor retraction and posterior movement of the upper and lower lip in Thin Lip-Thickness Group, whereas no significant correlations were found in Thick Lip-Thickness Group. 4. Mean changes of the soft tissue thickness subsequent to incisor retraction were increased (p<0.01) in upper lip (Ls-Ls'), whereas no changes were found in lower lip.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1988

조직확장술에 의해 확장된 토끼의 피부를 관찰하여, 확장의 정도에 따른 피부의 조직학적인 변화를 단계적으로 추적해 본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 표피층의 전반적인 두께 변화는 미약하였으나, 확장초기에는 거의 변화가 없다가 과도한 확장시 얇아지는 경향을 보였다. 2. 진피층의 두께는 확장이 진행됨에 따라 점차 얇아졌으며, 진피층내의 교원섬유조직은 확장의 초기단계에서부터 현저히 증가되어 있었다. 3. 진치층내의 혈관의 분포정도는 확장이 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하였다. 4. 피부부속기들은 6배정도의 과도한 확장상태에서도 광학현미경상 구조의 변화를 보이지 않았다. 5. 피부근층(panniculus carnosus)은 6배 정도의 과도한 확장상태에서도 구조적 변화나 두께의 변화를 보이지 않았다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to study bone changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy through fractal analysis and measurement of mandibular cortical thickness. Materials and Methods: This study included twenty-two prognathic patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Panoramic radiographs of these patients were taken immediately before operation and at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. The fractal dimension was measured by the box-counting method in the region of interest centered on both the basal and interdental bones between the first and second mandibular molars. Measurements of mandibular cortical thickness were taken both in the area between the first and second mandibular molars and at the osteotomy site. Changes of fractal dimension and cortical thickness over four stages were statistically analyzed. Results: The fractal dimension of the mandibular basal bone before surgery and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months were $1.4099{\pm}0.0657,\;1.382{\pm}0.0595,\;1.2995{\pm}0.0949,\;and\;1.4166{\pm}0.0676$, respectively (Repeated-measures ANOVA, P<0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were noted in interdental fractal dimensions among the four stages. Mandibular cortical thickness between the first and second mandibular molars before operation and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months was $3.74{\pm}0.48mm,\;3.63{\pm}0.47mm,\;3.41{\pm}0.61mm\;and\;3.55{\pm}0.66mm$ (P<0.01), respectively. Mandibular cortical thickness at the osteotomy site at each of the four stages was $3.22{\pm}0.44mm,\;2.87{\pm}0.59mm,\;2.37{\pm}0.61mm\;and\;2.64{\pm}0.62mm$, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that the mandibular tissue continued decreasing for 6 months postoperatively and then increased over the subsequent 6 months.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.622-636
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• 1997

Glass ionomer cements, which had been developed in 1972, were widely used as an agent for cementation, base, pit and fissure sealant, and esthetic filling material with the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, anti-cariogenic fluoride release. Specimens were made to evaluate the color change of Glass ionomer cement with a newly developed improved Fuji II Le. Specimens for color change study with cement thickness of 1, 2, 3mm were made and those for the study of color shift pattern were made with the assumption that new mid-shade can be made by mixing of equal amount of both shades in 2mm thickness. After 24 hours in a $37^{\circ}C$ incubator, CIELAB color spaces were evaluated with a spectrophotometer. The results were as follows ; 1. All specimens discolored to dark and blue with an increased thickness in all shades (p<0.05). 2. There were significant $a^*$ space (red-green direction) changes in every A, B, C, D shade series except the relationship between 1mm and 2mm thickness groups in B shade series. But the changes were irregular, i.e., each shade series has its own pattern. 3. Each shade series showed its own specific color shift pattern in all $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ spaces. 4. B shade series showed less amont of changes in ${\Delta}{\pm}E$ than those of A and C shade series (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in ${\Delta}E$ within each shade series.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.265-282
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• 1988

The pulp response of posterior composite resins in relation to the thickness of remaining dentin was studied with 120 teeth from 6 dogs, Class V. cavities were prepared on the cervical area of facial surfaces. The thickness of remaining dentin was controlled with Caries Meter$^{(R)}$. The cavities of group A were prepared to show the electrical impedance of 22-26$K{\Omega}$(thickness of remaining dentin:0.4-0.5mm). The cavities of group B, 50-55$K{\Omega}$(thickness of remaining dentin: 0.8-0.9mm). Zinc - Oxide Eugenol cement, Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior, Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque, P-30$^{(R)}$ and Scotchbond$^{(R)}$+P-30$^{(R)}$ were filled in each cavity. After 3days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 9 weeks and 13 weeks, the teeth and pulp tissue were processed routinely and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Pathological tissue changes were observed with light microscope. The following results were obtained. I. The pulp response of group A cavties was severer than that of group B cavities. 2. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Cement, only vascular changes were observed after 3 days and 1 week, severe acute inflammation after 4 weeks, moderate acute inflammation after 9 weeks, and chronic inflammation and formation of granulation tissue after 13 weeks. 3. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior, only vascular changes were observed after 3 days and 1 week. But the inflammatory response has became much severer with the elapsed experimental period. 4. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque, the inflammatory response with the elapsed experimental period was not severer than that of the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with other materials. 5. In the group B cavities, the difference of pulp response by filling materials was not recognizable. In the group A cavities, the pulp response of Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior was severest and in order P-30$^{(R)}$, Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque was slighter.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2021

Background: While the formal test has been used to provide a quantitative measurement of core stability, studies have reported inconsistent results regarding its test-retest and intraobserver reliabilities. Furthermore, the validity of the formal test has never been established. Objects: This study aimed to establish the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the formal test. Methods: Twenty-two young adults with and without core instability (23.1 ± 2.0 years) were recruited. Concurrent validity was determined by comparing the muscle thickness changes of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscle to changes in core stability pressure during the formal test using ultrasound (US) imaging and pressure biofeedback, respectively. For the test-retest reliability, muscle thickness and pressure changes were repeatedly measured approximately 24 hours apart. Electromyography (EMG) was used to monitor trunk muscle activity during the formal test. Results: The Pearson's correlation analysis showed an excellent correlation between transverse abdominal thickness and pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) pressure as well as internal oblique thickness and PBU pressure, ranging from r = 0.856-0.980, p < 0.05. The test-retest reliability was good, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,2) = 0.876 for the core stability pressure measure and ICC1,2 = 0.939 to 0.989 for the abdominal muscle thickness measure. Conclusion: Our results provide clinical evidence that the formal test is valid and reliable, when concurrently incorporated into EMG and US measurements.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2003

In Part 1, the flame structure of the counterflow nonpremixed flames computed by using Fire Dynamics Simulator was compared with that of OPPDIF for different concentrations of methane in the fuel stream. In this study, comparisons were made for the global strain rate that is an important parameter for diffusion flames for further evaluation of FDS. At each of the three fuel concentrations, $20% CH_4＋ 80% N_2, 50% CH_4 ＋ 50% N_2, 90% CH_4 ＋ 10% N_2$ in the fuel stream, the temperature and axial velocity profiles were investigated for the global strain rate in the range from 20 to $100s^{-1}$. Changes in flame thickness and radius were also compared with OPPDIF. There was good agreement in the temperature and axial velocity profiles between the axisymmetric simulations and the one-dimensional computations except for the regions where the flame temperature reach its peak and the axial velocity rapidly changes. The simulations of the axisymmetric flames with FDS showed that the flame thickness decreases and the flame radius increases with increasing global strain rate.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.135-147
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• 1994

Facial esthetics is one of the most important goal of the orthodontic treatment and main concern of many patients. Facial esthetics should be considered in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Prediction of soft tissue profile changes after orthodontic tooth movement should be considered as well. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of orthodontic treatment on lip profile in adult patient. The pre and post treatment cephalometric roentgenograms of 87 female adult with bimaxillary protrusion were used to analyze lip profile change. All subjects were treated with four bicuspids extraction. Obtained results were as follows . 1. Lip thickness changes after incisor retraction showed different patterns according to areas of the lip. The thickness of the red lip area showed 2.78 mm increase in average. In contrast the thickness of the cutaneous area showed 0.65 - 0.7 mm decrease according to the different cutaneous areas. 2. The length of the red lip area decreased(1.3mm) after incisor retraction. 3. The length of the cutaneous lip area increased(2.9mm) after incisor retraction.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Objectives In the theory of Korean Medicine, Cicadae Periostracum (CP) has been used to treat skin diseases such as inflammatory dermatitis, tetanus and pruritus. CP can reduce heat and disperse wind. In prior studies, anti-allergic effect and anti-inflammatory effect of CP were reported. However, there has been no report regarding the correlation of CP and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). This study was performed to show the effects of CP in ACD induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Methods In this experiment, the effects of CP on biological changes were measured, such as changes in ear and spleen weight, ear and dorsum skin thickness, clinical aspect on the dorsum skin and histological changes. The effect of proliferation rate of splenocytes was also investigated in vitro and vivo study. Results In results, CP application (CPA) group and CP application and administration (CPAA) group were significantly restrained in ear weight gain and increase in ear and dorsum skin thickness compared to the control group. In addition, CPA and CPAA group showed diminished erythema, desquamation, bloodstain, and marks. Also, the histological assessment showed that CP treatement diminished thickness of epidermis, hyperkeratosis, pigmentation and parakeratosis. Conclusions In conclusion, these data suggest that CP can decrease symptoms of ACD.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training combined with blood flow restriction on leg muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Nineteen children with cerebral palsy, aged between five and 10 years of age, living in area N, were recruited. Ten participants were classified into a blood flow restriction group and nine into a strength exercise group. The experimental group performed strength training using a blood flow restriction cuff on the leg, and the control group performed strength training without blood flow restriction. A paired t-test was performed to confirm intragroup changes before and after five weeks of the experiment, and an independent t-test was performed to confirm intergroup changes, and the significance level was α=0.05. Results: The rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus medius muscles showed significant differences in the groups after five weeks (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius after five weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was found that strength training combined with blood flow restriction had a positive effect on the changes in leg muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy. This suggests the possibility of using it in the future as basic data for strength training methods and blood flow restriction exercises for children with cerebral palsy.