• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 1983

This study was attempted to investigate Korean women divers' nutritional status and the effect of their putting on rubber diving suits on the energy balance. For these investigations, measurements of nutrients intake, energy intake and energy consumption during diving work were performed. This study was conducted in summer and winter of 1981. Nutrition survey was carried out by interviewing each individual and the energy consumption during diving work was calculated from the extra oxygen consumption over the resting value and the change in mean body temperature in sea water. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) In summer, the divers' dietary intake were 2,454 Kcal for energy, 69g of protein, 16g of fat 578mg of calcium, 11mg of iron, 526 Retinol Equivalent of vitamin A, 1.1mg of thiamin, 1.3mg of riboflavin, 19mg of niacin and 50mg of ascorbic acid. These results showed that the intakes of energy, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid were higher than the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Whereas in winter, the nutrients intake except iron, riboflavin, and vitamin A were higher than the RDA. 2) The energy consumption, measured by oxygen consumption and changes in body heat content, used in diving work were 260 Kcal per day in summer and 370 Kcal per day in winter. These values were about 600-700 Kcal per day lower than 1960s' 1,000 Kcal per day. The divers' energy intake were 2,454 Kcal per day in summer and 2,487 Kcal per day in winter. These data were about 550 Kcal per day lower than 1960s' intake. Since divers have worn the rubber diving suits, the energy consumption decreased as compared with the energy consumed while wearing cotton suits. And this seemed to be resulted in decreasing the energy intake. This result also showed that the balance between energy expenditure and energy intake were kept. 3) The mean subcutaneous fat thickness of divers and nondivers were 8.85 and 9.03 mm respectively. These values were as high as four times as those of 1960s'. The total body fat contents wers 25.8 percent in both diver and nondiver groups and showed an increase as high as twice as compared with 1960s' values.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.200-208
• /
• 1981

A survey was conducted from January 23 to 31 and February 14 to 18, 1981, in Whaseounggun, Kyunggj-do, to investigate the dietary and nutritionary status, and prevalence of parasitic infection of the fertile women, in an attempt to provide an integrative perspective on the rural family health programmes. The results are summarised as follows; The total number of fertile women, randomly selected, was 197 ; 21 women were in the latter half of pregnancy; 38 women, lactating, the remaning, non-pregnant. Average age of the subjects was 31.4 years; average number of children, 2.7; average number of abortion, 0.9; average family number in home, 5.5. The families had a mean income of \ 2,470,000 per fear. The majority, 83.8% of the families, were engaged in farming. 61.4% of the subjects had completed schooling 6 years or less. The mean energy intake of the lactating women was 73.4% of the recommended allowance, while that of non-pregnant and pregnant women reached 86.9 to 88.6% of the recommendation. In the average diet of the subjects, carbohydrates contribute 74.6 to 81.7% of the total energy intake; protein 11.3 to 11.9%; fat 7.0 to 13.9%. Protein intake of non-pregnant, pregnant, and lactating women met 72.6%, 60.8%, and 65.2% of allowance, respectively; and those proteins were mainly derived from vegetable sources. The subjects ingested less than one-half of the allowances for iron, calcium, vitamin A, and riboflabin ; in contrast, thiamin and ascorbic acid levels were adequate or fairly acceptable. There were significant correlations of meal balance and food diversity scores to the mean intake levels of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin. Only 10% of the pregnant women and 11.4% of non-pregnant and lactating women reached the acceptable level of hemoglobin. Positive prevalence of parasitic infection was found among about one-third of the subjects, 30.3% of women. Hematologic findings had no significant correlation to parasitic infection.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 1992

본 연구는 참쑥의 유용식물 자원으로서의 중요성을 알아보기 위하여 봄참쑥과 가을참쑥의 영양성분을 분석 하였다. 일반성분은 수분을 제외하고는 가을참쑥이 봄참쑥보다 약간 높은 함량이었다. 총유리아미노산은 봄참쑥이 1048.16mg%이고 가을참쑥이 2187.10mg%로 가을참쑥이 봄참쑥보다 2배 정도 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 지방산 함량은 봄참쑥과 가을참쑥의 linoleic acid가 각각 11.6% 및 13.87%였으며 linolenic acid는 65.14% 및 55.14였으며 palmitic acid는 13.26% 및 16.63%로 총지방산 중 linoleic acid 및 linolenic acid는 봄참쑥이 76.74%였고 가을참쑥은 69.58%를 차지하였다. 비타민 함량은 봄참쑥과 가을참쑥의 thiamin이 0.l6mg% 및 0.15mg%, riboflavin이 1.81 mg% 및 1.74 mg%, niacin이 5.34mg%, 그리고 ascorbic acid가 26.12mg% 및 25.2mg%로 봄참쑥이 가을참쑥보다 약간 높은 함량이었다. 무기질함량은 K 함량이 봄참쑥 3738mg%, 가을참쑥 3267mg%로 가장 높았고 Fe는 17.8mg% 및 20.5mg%, Zn은 47.1mg% 및 61.2mg%, Mg은 16mg% 및 12mg%, Se은 0.30ppm 및 0.40pprn으로 무기길이 많이 함유되어 있었다. 환원당 함량은 봄참쑥 가을참쑥 모두 frutose가 9.75mg% 및 9.78mg%로 가장 많았고, 식이섬유소 함량은 봄참쑥이 37.57%, 가을참쑥이 35.41%였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.449-458
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices in poor eating infants. The participants were 80 infants of 12-24 months (27 poor eaters and 53 matched normal controls) from a hospital and a public health center. Mothers were questioned about their eating behaviors and feeding practices, and infants' temperaments, eating behaviors, and nutrient intakes by one day food recall. Subjects were divided by mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR, < 0.75; poor eater). Intakes of Ca, P, Fe, Zn, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, E, folate were below 75% RDA in poor eaters, whereas protein, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B$_6$, C, folate exceeded 125% RDA in good eaters. Rhythmicity of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, restriction of mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices were significantly lower, whereas activity levels of infants' temperaments were higher than good eaters. In multiple logistic regression model of poor eaters, activity of infants' temperaments (T, OR: 1.19, CI: 1.05 - 1.35) and attention spans of infants' eating behaviors (A, OR: 1.18, CI: 1.03 - 1.35) were significantly positive, whereas rhythmicity of infants' eating behaviors (R, OR: 0.79, CI: 0.61-0.94) was significantly negative [E (the legit) : -6.8644+0.1712$\times$T-0.2337$\times$R+0.1641$\times$A]. Our findings suggest that examination of eating behaviors, feeding practices, and temperaments will help target interventions to improve infants' food intakes, and these variables should be examined at the time of nutrition counseling.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.922-933
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education using Food Exchange System on elementary students' nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrients intake. Nutrition education lessons (40 min /lesson, 4 times), '5 major nutrients and functions', '6 food groups and sources of 6 food groups', 'good choice of snacks and eating out' as class lesson, 'daily needed energy and food exchange units' as individual lesson, were provided to 70 elementary students (4th grade 33 students, 5th grade 37 students) in Jeonbuk Province. We assessed the changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, food habit using a questionnaire and nutrient intake using 24 hr recall method by nutrition education. In nutrition knowledge, there were significant increases in scores of 'functions of carbohydrate', 'functions of protein', 'functions of lipid', 'foods of carbohydrate', and 'foods of lipid'. In dietary attitude, there were significant increases in scores of 'taking a meal with joy', 'taking a meal at ease', 'taking a meal with sufficient protein intake' and 'taking a meal without spicy foods' by nutrition education. There were significant changes in the type of breakfast and in the frequency of snacks. After education, in type of breakfast, it showed higher number of students ate rice oriented meal than they did before education. and in frequency of snacks, it showed lower number of students ate snacks 'over 3 times' than they did before education. In Carbohydrate : Protein : Fat (CPF) ratio (%), it was significantly changed from 55.8 : 17.7 : 26.6 to 63.6 : 15.3 : 21.1. In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, calcium, phosphate, iron and zinc showed positive changes in distribution of number of children by intake level. That is, there were significant improvements in intakes of vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, calcium, phosphate, iron and zinc. These results showed that nutrition education using Food Exchange System for elementary students improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrients intake. It suggest that nutrition education using Food Exchange System may improve dietary behaviors and reduce an incidence of obesity in elementary students.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2018

Objectives: With the increasing number of single households and so-called Honbab-jok, those who eat alone, people tend to enjoy convenient and simple meals, such as single dish meals. This study was performed to provide data on the energy and nutrient content, and nutritional adequacy of single-dish meal. Methods: From the literature reviews, 61 types of single-dish meals were selected, and divided into 4 groups (steamed rice, noodle, porridge, and sandwich burger), and a further 11 sub-groups (bibimbab, fried rice, topped rice, rolled rice/ warm noodle, cold noodle, seasoned noodle, dukgook/ porridge/, and sandwich, burger). In addition, 382 junior high school students from Gyeonggi, Sejong, Jeonbuk, and Chungnam areas were recruited for the survey. The survey questionnaires were composed of the characteristics, preference, and intake frequency of single-dish meals. The representative energy content (arithmetic mean) of single-dish meals were calculated, and compared with the energy contents of preference and intake frequency-weighted values adjusted. The representative nutrient contents, energy contribution ratio, and INQ (index of nutritional quality) of a single-dish meal were calculated for a nutritional adequacy evaluation. Results: The study subjects considered a single-dish meal as tasty, simple and fast to prepare, inexpensive, nutritious, and no low calorie food. The preference scores of all but 1 sub-group of singledish meals were ${\geq}5.00$ (5.00~5.97), and 1 sub-group (porridge) was 4.67 on a 7-point scale. The intake frequency of 11 sub-groups were 0.31~1.71/week, porridge was the lowest at 0.31 and warm noodles was the highest at 1.71. Fried rice, rolled rice, and warm noodle' intake frequency were ${\geq}1/week$. The representative energy of steamed rice, noodle, sandwich burger were 443, 429, and 428 kcal, respectively, and that of porridge was 264 kcal. Less than 5% differences in the representative energy of 4 groups were observed when adjusted for the preference or intake frequency-weighted values. The energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients calculations showed that porridge was a high carbohydrate and low fat food, whereas sandwich burger were high fat and low carbohydrate foods. The INQ of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0 in all 4 food groups, but the INQ of protein and thiamin were > 1.0 in all 4 single-dish food groups. Conclusions: The representative energy in the 4 groups of single-dish meal was 264~450 kcal, which is a rather low calorie meal, and the energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients were inadequate. The protein and thiamin levels were sufficient but the calcium and vitamin C levels were insufficient in all 4 groups of a single-dish meal judged by the INQ. The additional intake of fruits and milk dairy products between meals with a single-dish meal, supply of calcium and vitamin C may increase, which will result in an improved nutritional balance.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.311-327
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to determine the health and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in Koreans over the age of 50 in a high-income class (more than twice as much family income as the 2005 Korean minimum cost of living, 668,540 Won). A total of 505 subjects aged over 50 from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were divided into two groups: A hypertension group (HG) (N=151, Systolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$140 mmHg or Diastolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$90 mmHg) and normal group (NG) (N=354). Subjects who took hypertension medicines or underwent diet therapy were excluded. In HG, mean daily alcohol intake and the amount of alcohol consumption per one occasion were significantly higher than in NG, respectively. A greater number of hypertension subjects answered that they drank alcohol to reduce stress as compared to normal subjects. HG also took fewer dietary supplements than NG. Mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood sugar level, and 2 hour postprandial blood sugar following a glucose load were significantly higher in HG than in NG, respectively. Also, iron, thiamin, and niacin intakes and the consumption frequency of seaweeds were significantly lower in HG than in NG, respectively. Finally, obesity (BMI ${\geq}$25 $kg/m^2$), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}$90 cm for males, ${\geq}$ 80 cm for females), high blood sugar level 2 hours after an oral glucose load (${\geq}$140~200 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (serum TG ${\geq}$200 mg/dl) were related to a significantly higher risk of hypertension in the subjects (odds ratio: 1.884~3.040). In conclusion, dietary factors such as higher alcohol consumption; lower intakes of iron, thiamin, and niacin; lower consumption frequency of seaweeds; and metabolic syndrome were associated with hypertension in the study subjects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 1985

우리나라산 감자를 가정에서 행하는 조리법(調理法)에 의하여 각각 조리 하였을 때 일반성분(一般成分), 무기질(無機質)성분 및 수용성(水溶性) 비타민의 변화를 조사 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Electric oven 및 microwave로 조리하였을 때 감자중의 고형분(固形分)의 함량은 유의적(有意的)으로 증가하였고 조섬유(粗纖維)의 함량은 감소하였다. boiling, electric oven 및 microwave에 의한 조리는 감자중의 조회분(粗灰分)의 함량에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 조단백질(粗蛋白質)의 함량은 조리중 불규칙적으로 변하였다. 칼륨의 함량은 electric oven 및 microwave 조리로 증가하였고, 철의 함량은 electric oven 조리로 증가하였으며, 구리의 함량은 electric oven 및 microwave 조리로 각각 감소하였다. 그리고 감자중 macromineral에 속하는 인, 마그네슘, 칼슘의 함량과 micromineral에 속하는 아연, 망간, 닉켈, 납, 카드뮴의 함량은 본 연구에서 행한 조리법으로 변화가 없었다. 본 실험에 사용한 조리법중 microwave 조리에서 ascorbic acid의 보존률이 가장 낮았으나 thiamin의 보존률은 microwave 조리에서 가장 높았다. riboflavin과 folic acid의 보존률은 boiling 및 microwave 조리에서 서로 비슷하였으나 이 2가지 조리법이 electric oven조리법 보다 우수하였다. niacin과 비타민 $B_6$의 보존률은 사용한 조리법에서 모두 $93{\sim}100%$였다. 일반적으로 다소의 예외(例外)는 있으나 boiling 및 microwave로 조리한 감자가 electric oven으로 조리한 감자 보다 수용성(水溶性) 비타민의 보존률이 우수 하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.307-322
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study examined the effects of nutrition education focused on personalized daily energy requirement and food units using Food Exchange System on anthropometric, biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrient intakes for overweight and obese in a public health center. Methods: The subjects were 60 overweight/obese women based on BMI (educated 30 vs. non-educated 30, 50~64 years). Educated group was provided individual and/or group lessons (40 min/lesson/week, 5 week), 'Introduction: obese & health', '6 nutrients and 6 food groups', 'My obesity & daily needed energy', 'Meal planning for personalized daily energy and food units using Food Exchange Systems', and 'Smart food choices'. After education, we examined the differences in anthropometric/biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrient intakes between educated group and non-educated group. Results: After nutrition education, in the educated group, there were improvements on anthropometric/biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrient intakes in the educated group compared to the non-educated group. We observed a decrease in the mean weight, total cholesterol (TC) and the incidence of overweight/obesity and hypercholesterolemia and an increase in the mean lean body mass. The scores of nutrition knowledge, 'Function of carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, mineral' and 'Food Sources of fat, vitamin, mineral' were increased. The scores of dietary attitudes, 'Taking a joyful meal, a leisurely meal, a balanced meal, a meal with sufficient vegetables, a meal with diversity, a meal with spicy foods, a meal with overeating' were increased. The intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, Zn and cholesterol were decreased. The scores of INQ, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, Ca, P, Fe, Zn were increased. Conclusions: The nutrition education focused on personalized daily energy requirement and food exchange unit using Food Exchange System for overweight and obese may improve food behavior, dietary intakes and symptoms of overweight and obese, even in a community health center.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2005

The objective of this work was to investigate the nutritional requirements for the growth of Actinomyces sp. 9RCC5 isolated from the rumen of a native goat in Korea. The growth of strain 9RCC5 on the basal medium or the medium minus certain ingredients from the basal medium demonstrated that strain 9RCC5 showed absolute requirement of vitamin B complex mixture, while hemin and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were stimulatory to growth to some extent. The 9RCC5 strain grew well with casein hydrolysate as the sole added nitrogen source. However, neither a complex of 18 amino acids nor ammonium sulfate effectively replaced casein hydrolysate. Vitamins such as riboflavin and pantothenate were essential for growth, while thiamin and biotin were stimulatory. With regard to VFA, the growth was stimulated by acetic acid but inhibited by valeric acid. Relatively large quantities of $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ were absolutely required for growth. Supplementation of clarified rumen fluid to the basal medium in a range of 0-10% (vol/vol) resulted in an increased rate of growth as well as an increased extent of growth.