• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.291-301
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• 1989

To investigate the epidemiological trait of intestinal diseases of animals caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp., isolation of etiological agent was carried out. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were biotyped, serotyped and the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobial agents were examined. Th results were as follows. 1. Isolation rates of Campylobacter spp. from 649 fecal materials of 208 cattle, 300 pigs and 141 chickens were 25.5%, 23.7% and 38.3%, respectively. 2. The majority of the 130 isolates of C jejuni was classified as biotype I(50.6%) and biotype II (34.6%). Most of the 46 isolates of C coli were biotype I (71.7%). 3. Isolated C jejuni strains showed 14 different serotype, and serotype 4, 26, 36 were most frequent. Isolated C coli strains showed 5 different serotype and serotype 31 and 21 were relatively common. 4. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, amikacin, gentamicin, colistin and chlorampehnocol.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 1987

A total of 145 strains of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from the fecal specimens of 108 cattle, 120 pigs and 104 chickens. The isolation rates of Campylobacter jejuni from cattle, pigs and chickens were 36.1%, 38.3% and 28.8%, respectively. In the biotyping of 115 strains of C. jejuni, 49.6% were belonged to biotype I, 33.9% biotype II, 10.4% biotype IV and 6.1 % biotype III. Twenty-eight strains of C. coli were 78.6% of biotype I, 21.4% biotype II. Two strains of C. laridis belonged to biotype I and II. One hundred of 105 C. jejuni cultures were typable serologically and represented 13 serogroups Serotype 4, 5, 26, 27 and 36 were encountered most frequently. Eighteen of 23 C. coli cultures were typable serologically and represented 6 serogroups. Serotype 8, 20, 21 and 31 were encountered most frequently. In the comparison of frequency of serotype between animal species, serotypes 4, 30, 5, 26 and 27 were encountered relatively common in the cattle source isolates, serotypes 26 and 36 in the pigs, and 36 and 17 in the chickens. The serotypes of C. coli encountered most frequently were serotype 8 and 31.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 1989

To investigate the epidemiological trait of intestinal diseases of animals caused by thermophilic Campyllobacter spp., isolation of etiological agent was carried out and the profiles of plasmids and the transfer of resistance plasmid in the isolated Campylobacter spp. were examined. The results were as follows. 1. A total of 110 isolates of C jejuni and C coli were subjected to the test for the presence of plasmid DNA. Of the isolates examined, 60% of the isolates were noted to harbor plasmid DNA. Plasmid occurrencer ate from pigs, chickens and cattle were 76.2%, 61.7% and 37.7%, respectively. The plasmids of a large molecular weight, ranging from 36 Md to 86Md, were identified with the strains of tetracycline resistant. 2. Transfer frequency of tetracycline resistant plasmids was higher in the case of the filter mating method than in the broth mating method by the factor of 10~1,000. 3. Tetracycline resistant plasmids of C jejuni were transferrable to C jejuni and C coli by conjugation. In a low frequency, the transfer of tetracycline plasmid was also possible to Vibrio parahemolyticus. However, it was impossible to transfer to Streptococcus fecalis, E coli and Vibrio cholerae. 4. Tetracycline resistant plasmids of C jejuni were impossible to transfer to Campylobacter spp. and related bacteria by transformation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2009

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms in Malaysia. C. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1 % and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm A and farm B, respectively, when using the MPN-PCR method. Campylobacter spp. was not found in any of the irrigation water samples tested. Therefore, the present results indicate that the aged manure used by farm A was more contaminated than the composted manure used by farm B. Mostly, the leafy and root vegetables were contaminated. C. coli was not detected in any of the samples tested in the current study. Both farms tested in this study were found to be contaminated by campylobacters, thereby posing a potential risk for raw vegetable consumption in Malaysia. The present results also provide baseline data on Campylobacter contamination at the farm level.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

The prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter (C.) spp. in stray, breeding, and household dogs was 25.2, 12.0, and 8.8%, respectively. C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis were the predominant Campylobacter spp. from household dogs. cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC were detected by PCR in all isolates. Despite the high cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene prevalence, only 26 (31%) C. jejuni strains and one (15.3%) C. coli strain showed evidence of CDT production in HEp-2 cell cytotoxicity assays. Virulence-associated genes detected in the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were cadF, dnaJ, flaA, racR, ciaB, iamA, pldA, virB11, ceuE, and docC. cadF, dnaJ, flaA, and ceuE were found in all C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. When detecting Guillain-Barr$\acute{e}$ syndrome-associated genes (galE, cgtB, and wlaN), galE was identified in all isolates. However, cgtB and wlaN were more prevalent in C. jejuni isolates from humans than those from dogs. Adherence and invasion abilities of the C. jejuni and C. coli strains were tested in INT-407 cells. A considerable correlation (adjusted $R^2$= 0.678) existed between adherence and invasion activities of the Campylobacter spp. isolates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.647-650
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• 2009

Using 200 porcine colon tissues, the efficiencies of three isolation methods of Campylobacter from porcine intestines were compared: Method 1, direct streaking of colon mucosa; Method 2, direct inoculation of intestinal contents with a swab; Method 3, inoculation of pre-enriched medium. A total of 460 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 178 samples (89%) by direct streaking of colon mucosa, 142 samples (71%) by direct streaking of a swab, and 94 samples (47%) by pre-enrichment of intestinal contents in Preston broth. Direct streaking of colon mucosa was superior to the other two isolation methods, in terms of rapidity and higher efficiency. When isolates were identified with various biochemical tests and PCRs specific to 16s rRNA, mapA, and ceuE, C. coli was the predominant species (87%) in porcine, whereas the rest of the isolates were identified as C. lanienae.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1988

This study was conducted to isolate etiological agents from the 103 scouring piglets in Gyeongnam area and also carried out antimicrobial drug susceptibility test and epidemiogical served. The incidence of scouring piglet was most prevalent as 81.6% in the age of 2 to 4 weeks after birth, while the rate was less than 10% in the age of 5 to 6 weeks and under 1 week after birch. When compared the isolation frequency of the each etiological agent, enteropathogenic E. coli was most prevalent as 46.6%, thermophilic Campylobacter 26.2% and Salmonellae was 8.7% in order. In the OK serotyping for 117 isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli, type 0141 : K85 (20.5%), 0157:K88ac(14.5%), 0138:K81 and 0149:K91 (13.3%) were encountered most frequently. In the biotyping for 27 isolates of thermophilic Campylobacter, most strains of C. jejuni were belong to type I (50.0%) and II (25.0%), and most strains of C. coli were belong to biotype I (78.9%). In the serotyping for 9 strains of Salmonellae, 3 strains were grouped as D, 2 strains as C. and each 1 strain was group B and E. The other 2 strains were untypable. The 117 isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli were resistant more than 90% to erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, wherease about 90% of the isolates were sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin. In the case of Salmonellae, all of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, but about 89% of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and colistin. All of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were resistant to cephalothin, but more than 89% of C.jejuni and C. coli were sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2001

집단급식에 공급되는 생계육에의 Campylobacter의 오염특성을 분석하기 위하여 경기지역의 한 공급업체의 단체급식용 생계육에서 Campylobacter를 분리.동정하고 특성을 분석하였다. 생계육에 오염된 일반 세균수는 $10^4$~$10^{6}$ CFU/g로 나타났고 Campylobacter를 분리를 위하여 증균배지와 선택배지를 사용하여 candle method과 microaerophilic chamber를 활용하여 일차적으로 205균주를 분리하였다. Gram staining, catalase, oxidase의 생화학적인 특성으로 28개의 균주를 분리하였고 pA와 pB의 primer를 사용한 PCR로 16개의 Campylobacter spp.를 동정할 수가 있었다. 특히 이들 중 9개의 균주가 42$^{\circ}C$도 뿐만아니고 $25^{\circ}C$에서도 생육이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 생계육의 초기 총균수가 평균적으로 $10^{5}$ CFU/g로 높은 것으로 나타났고 저온 생육가능한 Campyobacter도 많이 분포하고 있으므로 infective dose가 낮은 이들에 의한 식중독의 위해를 줄이기 위하여 대량 집단급식시 철저한 위생관리가 요구되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

An antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted to compare the resistance rates among Campylobacter spp. isolates from dogs (n = 50) raised under diverse conditions and humans (n = 50). More than 60% of Campylobacter (C.) jejuni from dogs and humans showed resistance to nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. C. jejuni isolates from humans showed higher resistance to tetracycline (83.3%) and ampicillin (91.3%) than those from dogs. None of the C. jejuni or Campylobacter coli isolates from humans or dogs were resistant to erythromycin. Overall, 85% of Campylobacter spp. isolates showed a multidrug resistant phenotype. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the gryA gene showed that 100% of $NA^R/CIP^R$ C. jejuni isolates from dogs and humans had the Thr-$86^{th}$-Ile mutation, which is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. flaA PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing to differentiate the isolates below the species level revealed 12 different clusters out of 73 strains. The human isolates belonged to eight different RFLP clusters, while five clusters contained dog and human isolates.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.345-353
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• 1988

The present study was carried out to investigate the incidence of C jejuni and C coli in chicken. Also were examined the pathogenicity of the isolates in chick by experimental inoculation. Thermophilic Campylobacter were isolated from 34(45.9%) of the 74 specimens, and classified as 21.6% C jejuni, and 24.3% C coli. In the biotyping of 16 stranis of C jejuni isolates, 37.5% of the strains were grouped as biotype I, 62.5% as biotype II. In the case of 18 strains of C coli isolates, 49.9% of isolates were grouped as biotype I, 55.6% as biotype II. n oral inoculation with $10^4cfu$ of Campylobacter isolates into infant chicks(1 to 3 days-old), 17 days-old and 34 days-old chicks, 32.5% of the chicks developed diarrhea on day 1, 52.5% on day 3, 70.0% on day 5, and 27.5% on day 7, and the peak incidence of diarrhea was reached on day 5. The organisms were found to be discharged in feces one day afterwards. C jejuni and C coli strains were detected from the feces in 87.5% of the chicks on day 5. The organisms were multiplied from $10^4$ to $10^6cfu/gm$ in feces 5 to 7 days after inoculation. C jejuni and C coli recovered from 100% of the cecum, 64.3% of the duodenum, 50.0% of the spleen, 42.9% of the livers, and from 21.4% of gallbladders 7 days after inoculation.