• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

The temperature of a pig is the most key point in determining, it's health status. We wanted to monitor the body temperature of pig to find out if any changes would occur, we used 3 minipigs (about 20 kg) who were feed using a feeding system while being confined in a pig house. The infrared testings were taken from a height of 30 cm above the pigs backs over a period of 28 days. We were able to conclude that the results between the back and indoor temperature were y = 0.5487x + 18.459. These values were compared with the values found after infrared sensor results were taken. We found an error range of $0.004{\sim}1.82^{\circ}C$ and an average of $0.58^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, using an infrared thermometer made monitoring of pigs back possible. This system seems to be feasible and effective in monitoring pig temperature.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2000

Background and Purpose: Sybsun-points are located at the tips of all fingers, 0.1chon from the finger nails, totaling 10 points on both hands. These points have been used for emergency care, fainting, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, unconsciousness, high fever etc. The most common technique is bleeding with a needle at these points. Hypertension and fever are the main factors for stroke patients’progress. We investigated whether venesection at Sybsun-points has effects on blood pressure and body temperature in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: 79 stroke patients were enrolled in this study from 1 Jan. 1999 to 30 Sep. 1999. All of them were admitted in Kyunghee University, Hospital of Oriental Medicine. Among them, 62 patients were hypertensive people, 17 were normal. Among the hypertensive patients, 27 were stage 1,20 were stage 2, 15 were stage 3 by classification of JNC 1997. All of the hypertensive patients had been taking drugs, while the normal group did not. From 2pm to 3pm, every 30 minutes we checked patients' blood pressure and body temperature by 24ABPM and tympanic thermometer. After 30 minutes passed, we phlebotomized patients Sybsun-points with Samneung needle 2-3cc of blood. Right after the bleeding, we checked blood pressure and body temperature. After the bleeding, for the next hour and a half, we checked each patient’s blood pressure and body temperature every thirty minutes, or a total of three times. We compared the blood pressure and the body temperature before and after treatment(p<0.05). Results: 1. Venesection at Sybsun-points significantly decreased systolic blood pressure on stage 3 hypertensive patients(p<0.0l). 2. Venesection at Sybsun-points significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure on stage 3 hypertensive patients(p<0.05) 3. Venesection at Sybsun-points had no effect on the change of body temperature. Conclusions: Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that Venesection at Sybsun-points may alleviate hypertension in stroke patients.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cold hypersensitivity and bone mineral density. Methods 28 outpatients who visited OO University Oriental Hospital from July 11th, 2013 to August 28th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference greater than 0.3 ℃ between upper arm and palm and also with more than VAS 4 of cold hypersensitivity were diagnosed with cold sensitivity. Lumba spine (L2-4) and heel bone measurement were obtained on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). Results 1. There was statistically significant correlation between T-score of DEXA and body weight (0.522), BMI (0.643), OSTA (Osteoporosis elf-assesment Tool for Asians, 0.579), BMI, T-score and Z-score of QCT. OSTA and T-score of QCT (0.521) also had statistically significance. 2. There was no statistically significant correlation between body fat, abdominal obesity rate, degree of cold hypersensitivity, upper arm and palm's temperature difference, palm temperature, height and Z-score, T-score of QCT or T-sore of DEXA. Conclusions Bone mineral density was lower in women who had cold hypersensitivity of hand and feet. But there was no statistically significant correlation between bone mineral density and degree of cold hypersensitivity, upper arm and palm’s temperature difference.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2007

1. Objectives In this case report, We report a case of advanced non-seminomatous germ tell tumor(NSGCT) of the testis to retroperitoneal lymph node. We successfully managed with sasang medical treatment. 2. Methods We treated a man with NSGCT of testis with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. We evaluated pain grade by VAS(visual analogue scale). and fever grade by body temperature(by axillary thermometer) 3. Results Pain and fever were improved with the Sasang constitutional medicine. 4. Conclusions Cancer pain and fever was markedly improved by Sasang Constitutional management. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cause of the improvement.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.97-99
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine whether subcutaneous temperature (ST) was correlated with rectal temperature (RT) in cattle with inducing artificial fever. In order to determine the correlation between their temperatures, the experiment was performed as follow: Among nine Holstein steers, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered at a dose of $0.5{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to six Holstein steer, then, 6 ml of saline was administrated to three steers as a control group. After LPS injection, ST was recorded using subcutaneously implanted thermo-logger sensors at 10-min intervals, and RT was measured using a digital thermometer at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 h. In steers with LPS injection, RT was highest at 3 to 4 h and recovered to a pre-challenge temperature at 8-22 h. A similar fluctuation was shown in ST except for an unexpected decrease at 1 h, and a positive correlation between RT and ST was observed in LPS-challenged steers (r = 0.497, P = 0.04). This result suggests that ST could be utilized as an index for early detection of infectious diseases or physiological events.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to suggest the use of laser energy in the the field of operative dentistry without considerable pulpal damage and significant effects on the dental hard tissue, additionally to find out the methods which could control the temperature rise. The laser beam (CW $CO_2$ laser, output: 6W, beam diameter: 1.5mm) was focused on the center of the occlusal surface of extracted lower molars. A Ge lens (focal length 200mm) was used to focus the primary laser beam. In order to vary the total amount of the same irradiated energy, experimental subjects were devided into three groups: continuously irradiated group, intermittently irradiated group, and water-cooled group after continuous laser irradiation. Temperature changes in the pulp chamber after laser irradiation were measured and recorded by the digital thermometer and recorder. The following results were obtained: 1. Temperatures in the pulp chamber were raised up in the order of the continuously irradiated group, intermittently irradiated group, water-cooled group after continuous laser irradiation. 2. In the continuously irradiated group, the temperature was raised up $1.7^{\circ}C$, $3.8^{\circ}C$, $7.3^{\circ}C$, $17.2^{\circ}C$ after 2, 4, 8, 16 seconds of the irradiation of laser. In the intermittently irradiated group, the changes were $1.2^{\circ}C$, $3.4^{\circ}C$, $6.3^{\circ}C$, $11.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. In the water-cooled group after continuous laser irradiation, the changes were $0.0^{\circ}C$, $0.8^{\circ}C$, $1.6^{\circ}C$, $6.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. 3. The starting time of temperature rise in the pulp chamber had no connection with laser irradiation time.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

차세대 친환경 조명인 LED소자는 온도가 올라갈수록 LED의 발광효율이 떨어지고 $80^{\circ}C$이상 올라갈수록 수명이 감소하고 스펙트럼선의 파장이 본래의 파장보다 장파장 쪽으로 이동하는 Red Shift현상 및 $T_j$ 상승에 따라 광 출력이 감소되는 큰 문제점이 대두되고 있어 열을 최소화 할 수 있는 방열설계 연구가 진행 중이다. COB Type LED의 경우 보드에 LED 칩을 직접 결합시켜 열 저항을 낮췄지만 주거용 13.5W의 경우 방열판을 통해 발열 문제를 해결해야한다. 본 논문에서는 주거용 13.5W COB LED 다운라이트에 맞게 Heat Sink를 설계하고, 그 설계한 Heat Sink와 13.5W COB를 패키징하여 Solidworks flow simulation을 통해 최적의 Fin두께를 선정하여 접촉식 온도계를 사용한 열적 특성을 분석 하고 평가 하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권6C호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2012

평균수명연장과 건강에 대한 관심 증가는 언제 어디서나 서비스 가능한 유헬스 산업을 활성화시키고 있으며, 표준화 역시 여러 국제표준기구를 통해 다뤄지고 있다. 그 중 IEEE 11073 PHD(Personal Health Devices) WG은 개인건강기기와 관리기기의 상호운용성 보장을 위해 개인건강기기 통신 프로토콜에 대한 표준화 작업을 진행하고 있다. 그동안 개인건강기기 기본 표준인 IEEE 11073-20601에 대한 분석과 유헬스 표준화 단체에 대한 연구는 많이 있었으나 개인건강기기별 표준에 대한 분석은 부족하여 해당 표준에 접근하는데 많은 어려움이 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 개인건강기기 관련 국내외 표준화 기구와 현재 IEEE 11073 PHD WG에서 다뤄지는 표준화 현황을 언급하고 IEEE 11073-20601를 바탕으로 체온계, 체중계, 혈당계, 혈압계, 심전계 등 각 개인건강기기별 표준의 특징을 분석하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, skin temperature at th e CV2 acupoint. This study was a pretest-post test study design wit h a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 female student s from two universities participated in the study. Among them, 30 female students were assigned as the experimental group an d the other 28 students to the control group. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables, the degree of dysmenorrhea, and skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint. Then, the SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson(1974), skin thermometer by Simson Eectric CO., Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and Stress scale developed by Chun and Kim(1990). The data were analyzed with the SAS program using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA and Bonferroni method were used to determine significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. There was a statistically significant difference in the intensity of dysmenorrhea after the intervention with the experimental group having a lower intensity than the control group. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint 30min (F=4.87, p=0.03) after the intervention with the experimental group having a higher temperature. In conclusion, the SP-6 acupressure has proved to be an effective nursing intervention to reduce dysmenorrhea. Therefore, it is recommended women suffering from dysmenorrhea use the SP-6 acupressure.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a warmed blanket on relieving the cold discomfort after Cesarean Section delivery. A nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this quasi-experimental study. Sixty women were recruited for this study and divided by two groups: experimental and control groups. Blankets warmed to $40^{\circ}C$ were applied to the women in the experimental group for one hour and unwarmed blankets were applied to the control group. Using Abbey's shivering scales, subjective thermal sensation score, and Celsius mercury thermometer, cold discomfort was measured at four time points: 1) baseline measure (at the point the blanket was applied) 2) 15 min. later, 3) 30 min. later, and 4) 45 min. after application. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN and t-test and MANOVA were used to examine the effects of the warmed blanket for relieving cold discomfort. The results of the study are as follows. The experimental group had less cold discomfort than the control group(Wilts's value =0.580, p=0.000) at the 45 minute point after blanket application. the Experimental group reported less shivering and subjective thermal sensation than the control group. Shivering scores showed significant differences between the two groups at each of the four time points (baseline, 15 min., 30 min., and 45 min.) and subjective thermal sensation score showed significant differences between two groups at 45 minutes. after blanket application. In conclusion, the application of a warmed blanket was more effective on shivering and subjective thermal sensation than body temperature measured by objective means. Because women in this study were in the normal range of body temperature, differences in the objective body temperature between the two groups may not be sensitive enough to be detected. Even though differences in objective body temperature were not found, reduced subjective discomfort for low body temperature may be a sufficient significant finding in for nurse clinicians to utilize this method on their practice. Further studies in this area are needed to support these findings.