• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.663-666
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• 2002

Originally, the thermoforming method has been developed to produce the plastic parts which have simple geometric characteristics such as door trims and wrapping materials within the short time. But the thermoformed parts have non-uniform thickness distributions over the surface according to the material characteristics, set-up angle and geometry of the parts. But, only few analysis methods have been developed so far, due to the difficulties of the selection of important factors, and contribution of each factor in the simulation. So, to guarantee the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of crucial points in the thermoformed parts, it is necessary to develop the thickness prediction method. This research suggests a new approaching methodology to predict the thermoformed parts by modulating the control points of the NURBS curve. The newly developed method makes it possible not only to choose the suitable thickness of polymer sheets but also to induce data modification for vacuum forming.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.826-837
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• 2004

Rotational molding is a plastics processing technique that is ideally suited to producing relatively large, hollow, seamless parts which are partially or totally enclosed. Designers of plastic parts turn to rotational molding to produce small or large parts of unusual shape that cannot be produced as one piece by other processes, e.g., blow molding and thermoforming. In this paper, in order to enhance the quality of rotational molding plastic products, 1) surface features for the plastic products are characterized by using an image analysis system, 2) maximum tensile strength for the plastic products that are made of materials that consist of Samsung-Atofina R90lU, pigments and two different kinds of calcium carbonate (OMYA CaCO$_3$) is measured and compared with each other by using an Instron universal testing machine, 3) thickness for the plastic products is non-destructively measured to investigate the quality of the plastic products by using an A-scan ultrasonic tester.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 1999

The shear behavior of polymers obtained by means of devices such as capillary and cone-and-plate rheo-meters is commonly used to assess their processing performance and as a characterization tool. However, the number of instances when two polymers have the same shear properties but perform differently during certain types of processing operations (e.g. film blowing and sheet extrusion) indicate that shear properties alone may not be sufficient to characterize polymeric fluids. We begin by defining the kinematics of shear-free or extensional flow and the associated material functions. The extensional and shear behavior of three different types of polyethylene (PE) are then compared to illustrate the points that one cannot ascertain the extensional properties of polymer melts from their shear properties and, furthermore, there may not be a simple relation between properties obtained from one type of extensional flow and those of another type. The kinematics of most processing flows are extensional rather than shear in nature, and , hence, the performance of polymers during processes such as fiber spinning, film casting, film blowing, thermoforming, blow molding, and even extrusion is more readily accounted for through extensional viscosity measurements. Methods for carrying out extensional flow measurements are then reviewed including approximate methods. To illustrate the sensitivity of extensional viscosity measurements to subtle changes in the molecular architecture of PEs, results are presented for samples with a narrow molecular weight distribution but with varying numbers of long chain branches. Finally, constitutive equations which allow one to separate shear and extensional flow behavior are discussed as any attempts to simulate the subtle processing differences between two polymers will require constitutive equations of this nature.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2012

The optical diffuser for direct-lit LED backlight unit was prepared by using extrusion compounding followed by thermoforming process. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with superior optical characteristics and polycarbonate (PC) with good thermal property were used as base resins, and crosslinked polystyrene (PS) and PMMA beads as diffusing agents were incorporated into resin matrix to derive light scattering and diffusing action. In the compounded plate, the diffusing beads were observed to be dispersed uniformly and distinctly in the continuous phase. The inclusion of polymeric beads up to 3 wt% substantially enhanced the optical characteristics such as luminance, luminance uniformity, haze for the diffuser. Two different diffusers of PC and PMMA-based compound with various compositions were compared in terms of measured optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, which would be expected to be utilized for the industrial application of LED backlight unit.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2021

In molding of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites, it is very difficult to impregnate between the reinforcements and the matrix since the matrix has a high melting temperature and high viscosity. Therefore, most of composite molding processes are divided in the manufacturing processes of intermediate materials called prepreg and the forming of products from intermediate materials. The divided process requires additional facilities and thermoforming, and they increase the cycle time and cost of composite products. These problems can be resolved by combining the continuous fiber-reinforced composite molding process with injection molding. However, when a composite material is manufactured by inserting woven fabric into the injection mold, poor impregnation occurs on the surface of the molded product. It affects the properties of the composites. In this paper, through an impregnation experiment using cores with different heat transfer rates and pore densities, the reason for the poor impregnation was confirmed, and molding experiments were conducted to produce composite with improved surface impregnation by inserting the mesh. And also, the surface impregnation and deformation of composites molded using different types of mesh were compared with each other.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2018

Infrared(IR) heating has many advantages, such as energy efficiency, reduced heating time, cleanliness, equipment compactness, high drying rate and easy automation. These features of IR heating provide widely industrial applications, such as surface heat treatment in semiconductor fabrication, thermoforming of polymers, drying and disinfection of food products, heating to metal forging, and drying of wet materials. In this study, the characteristics of a protected gold mirror were examined by spectrophotometer and the lifetime of the coating layers were evaluated by a cross-cutting method and salt spray test. The effects of manufacturing conditions on the protected gold mirror were seen and remedies for these effects were noted in order to improve the properties of the protected gold mirror in the drying process. The reflectance and lifetime of the protected gold mirror was influenced by manufacturing conditions, such as surface roughness and forming conditions of the anti-oxide layer, the adhesion layer, the reflecting layer and the protection layer. The results of this study showed that the protected gold mirror manufactured using a buffing method for pre-treatment resulted in the most effective reflectance. In addition, $Al_2O_3$ coating on an Al substrate as an anti-oxide layer was more effective than the anodizing process in the test of reflectance. Furthermore, the protected gold mirror manufactured by layers forming of various materials resulted in the most effective reflectance and lifetime when coated with $Al_2O_3$ as the anti-oxide layer, coated Cr as the adhesion layer, and coated $MgF_2$ as the protection layer.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2020

최근 의료기관에서 친환경 재료로 제작된 방사선 차폐시트를 많이 사용하고 있다. 차폐시트는 폴리머 소재에 차폐물질을 혼입하여 열성형으로 고형적인 형태로 가공된다. 베이스는 수지 계열로 인장강도에는 한계가 있으며, 이를 위해 표면에 부직포 등의 섬유를 합포하여 사용하고 있다. 차폐시트 공정 기술은 차폐성능을 높이고자 차폐물질의 함유량을 높이면 인장강도가 급격히 떨어지는 문제점을 제시하고 있다. 이를 개선하고자 본 연구에서는 차폐시트에 섬유를 Binding하는 방식과 부직포에 소량의 차폐물질인 텅스텐을 함유하여 적층구조로 Laminating방식을 기본 폴리머 형태로 Compression molding방식 세 가지 종류의 차폐시트를 제조하여 동일한 차폐 물질량을 기준으로 차폐성능과 인장 강도를 비교 평가하였다. 세 종류 차폐시트의 비교에서 섬유 코팅 시트와 압착 방식의 시트는 차폐성능 차이는 5%정도이며, 인장강도는 65MPa에서 280MPa로 큰 차이가 나타났다. 적층구조의 차폐시트는 차폐 성능도 차이가 있었으며, 인장강도도 기준의 4배로 증가하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.771-777
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• 2014

자동차용 도어그립을 대상으로 하여 3 차원 엠보 패턴이 인쇄된 필름을 적용한 인서트성형을 구현하기 위하여 사출압축성형을 사용하였다. 진공금형을 제작하여 필름 열성형을 하였으며, 필름인서트성형을 위하여 사출압축금형을 개발하였다. 3 개의 압력센서를 설치하여 금형 캐비티압력을 측정하였으며, 다양한 압축스트로크와 토글속도에 대한 사출압축성형 실험을 수행하여, 공정조건이 캐비티 압력과 엠보 패턴의 높이에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 압축스트로크 0.9mm와 느린 토글속도에서 엠보 패턴의 유지율이 높게 나타났다. 또한 엠보패턴이 최대 높이를 갖기 위한 공정조건은 캐비티 압력의 적분값이 최소가 되는 조건과 거의 동일하였다. 사출압축성형을 사용하여 엠보 패턴이 인쇄된 소프트한 촉감을 갖는 플라스틱 제품을 구현할 수 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Use of the conventional dental impression procedure is problematic in patients who have difficulty opening their mouth, difficulty breathing through their nose or tendency to gag. Purpose. It is necessary to make individual trays more comfortable for patients during impression taking procedure. It was reported at the KAP Annual Meeting 2001 Seoul that an improved impression technique was suitable for this purpose. In this study, the accuracy of the improved dental impression method for implant was compared with the conventional dental impression method. Material and methods. An oral simulator was made from clear acrylic resin block which had similar form of edentulous ridge. For setting up the standard, five fixtures were installed on it. Study casts were made using two kinds of impression techniques. One was the conventional method that was taken using silicone impression material and an individual resin tray under connection of inter-fixture relation. The other was the improved method in which was the connection of the impression coping and the thermoformed polymethyl methacrylate tray. In addition, two different study casts were made from the improved impression body. The coordinates of the fixture on the study model were measured by three-dimensional coordinate measuring equipment. Then the distances between each fixture were calculated and compared with that of oral simulator. Accuracy of the each impression method was also assessed. Results. The differences of inter-fixture dimension between study casts and simulator in the improved impression technique showed $0.014{\pm}0.016mm$ and $0.017{\pm}0.022mm$, respectively and that of the conventional method was $0.017{\pm}0.014mm$. There was no significant difference between the improved impression technique and conventional method. Conclusion. The improved impression technique is useful for multiple support implants.

• Composites Research
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2018

프리프레그 압축 성형(PCM, Prepreg Compression Molding) 공정을 최적화 하기 위해서 성형 해석을 통해 공정 시 나타날 문제를 사전에 예측할 필요가 있다. 해석 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 성형 물성을 구할 때 정확한 물성 측정이 필요하다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 프리프레그의 압축 물성을 따로 구하지 않고 인장 물성과 동일하다고 가정하여 사용하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성형 해석의 정확성을 높이기 위해 섬유의 면내 압축 물성 실험법을 제시했으며 측정 결과, 섬유의 압축 강성은 인장 강성에 비해 약 $10^{-2}$배 낮게 측정되었다. 실제 프리프레그의 성형성을 모사하기 위해 경사면($110^{\circ}$)을 갖는 정사각형 컵 금형을 설계 및 제작하였고 이를 이용한 프리프레그 고온 압축 성형성 평가를 수행하였다. 압축 물성 영향성 확인을 위해 금형 내 취약 지점으로 예상되는 각 코너 부근에서의 전단각을 측정하였으며 동일한 위치에서의 해석 결과와 실험 데이터를 비교하였다. 비교 결과 섬유의 압축 물성이 반영된 해석 결과에서 실험값과 유사한 패턴이 관찰되었으며 면내 압축 물성 반영이 성형 해석결과의 정확도를 향상시키는 것을 확인하였다.