• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.470-474
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• 1993

This study carried out to get some fundamental data for designing lightweight bedding. In This study, the wool blanket, polyester/cotton blended blanket and down quilt were manufactured with a varied materials, structural factors such as yam count, fabric density respectivelyarn. And also, the thermal insulation value of the bedding were measured by warmth retaining tester. In addition, this paper examines the influence of varying materials, structural factors and blanket layers on the thermal insulation effect of the bedding. The main results obtained from this study are as follow : 1. The design of lightweight blankets make an attempting with a varying materials and structural factors such as yam count, fabric densityarn. 2. Almost, the design of lightweight blankets for polyester/cotton blended blanket and down quilt make an attempting without reduction in thermal insulation values. 3. The 6 layers of blanket have less thermal insulation value than the 6 times of blanket for under a layer have. About 27~32% decrease is observed in thermal insulation value of blanket for under 6 layer. 4. The thermal insulation value and areal weight of blankets have a positive relation between the thermal insulation value(Y) and areal weight(X) is based on the following equation. wool blanket : Y = 1.0850X + 0.4188 (r = 0.9992) PIC blended blanket : Y = 0.8845X + 0.3034 (r = 0.9999)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1110-1118
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• 1999

This study was to examine the effects of garment types on thermal insulation using a thermal manikin. cotton polyester wool silk and rayon were selected as outer wears like a blouse a skirt slacks and one-piece for this study Acetate was chosen as a lining. Brief and upper innerwear with long sleeves(cotton) were also chosen as the innerwear. The results were as follows: 1. The thermal insulation of the garment of single layer was in proportion to the covering area of garment in all types of clothing. 2. On adding the innerwear or the lining or both the thermal insulation of the each garment of single layer were showed a different trends by garment types. The thermal manikin insulations of one-piece dress adding the innerwear was higher than those of blouse-skirt suits. The thermal insulation of one-piece dress adding the innerwear and lining was lower than those of blouse-skirt suits. 3. The increasing rates of thermal insulation of multi-layered garments had different value by garment types but garment made of rayon and silk were showed very high increasing rates of thermal insulation. 4. The increasing rates of the thermal insulation of one-piece dress added the lining the innerwear or both except polyester showed the highest value and then blouse-slacks suits' turn came ound Blouse-skirt suits had the lowest the increasing rates of thermal insualition value.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.12 s.142
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• pp.141-151
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine the effects of textile materials for thermal insulation value using a thermal manikin. Cotton, polyester, wool, silk and rayon were selected as outer wears like blouses, skirts, slacks, and one-pieces. Acetate was chosen as a lining. Brief and long sleeve upper underwear(cotton) were chosen as the inner wears. The results were as follows; There were no significant differences among the materials in skirts and blouse-skirt suits by the thermal manikin. However blouses, slacks, one-pieces and blouse-slacks suits were showed the effects of materials. Blouse-slacks suits was showed the highest thermal insulation value and one-piece had the lowest thermal insulation value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1984

An attempt was made to determine individual thermal resistances of 2-lining fabrics ad 4-outer fabrics for Korean-styled clothes, and 4-lining fabrics ad 5-outer fabrics for Western-styled clothes at $19^{\circ}C$ and $24^{\circ}C$. The thermal insulation effects for different lining fabrics in Korean and Western-styled clothes were deduced in determining heart rate, rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and microclimates of subjects. The subjects were dressed experimental clothing which were made of lining and outer fabrics in question, and seated in an environmental chamber during the experiment. 1. Thermal resistances of lining fabrics : For Korean-styled clothes. nylon sheer is larger than unzosa. For Western-styled clothes, rayon, acetate, nylon(taffeta) and kalkali in that order. 2. Thermal resistances of lining fabrics combined : with outer fabrics: For Korean-styled clothes. the measured value is larger than the one of simple aggregate value. But in the case of Western-styled clothes, the measured value is smaller than simple aggregate value. 3. The effects of lining on the thermal insulation of the whole clothing: In case when subjects wore unlimited number of underwear, no matter what lining fabrics were used in Korean and Western-styled clothes less thermal insulation effects were indicated. For the case, however, if subjects wore only limited underwear, there are significant differences of thermal insulation between experimental clothings.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2017

Purpose: Under the purpose of presenting the adequate remodeling period for the improvement of thermal insulation performance of external walls in deteriorated buildings, the change in external wall and residential environment problem(dew condensation) due to aged deterioration after the apartments were constructed in Korea were analyzed. Method: Temperature Difference Ratio Outside(TDRo) and Heat Flow Meter(HFM) were used as measurement methods to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of deteriorated buildings. For TDR evaluation, thermo-graphic camera was used to measure and analyze the surface temperature of external wall. Also, dew condensation evaluation was analyzed using the Temperature Difference Ratio Inside(TDRi). Result: As a result of analyzing thermal performance through TDRo, the first decline point of thermal insulation performance began after 14-16 years have passed since construction was completed, and after 20 years have passed the decline point of thermal insulation performance reappeared. As a result of analyzing U-value with HFM measurement method, the decline rate of external wall's thermal insulation performance is lower than 2% in average at around 5 years after completion, and 8.7% in average at 10-15 years, and over 10.2% in average at 20 years.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.219-220
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• 2023

The thermal conductivity of the insulation material has a great influence on the heat transmission coefficient, which is currently used for energy evaluation of buildings. The thermal conductivity of insulation changes with changes in the environment, such as humidity and ultraviolet rays, and can be expected to with the passage of time. But there is a lack of data on this, so this study measured the thermal conductivity of organic insulation according to environmental conditions and time, As a result, in the case of XPS, the thermal conductivity value increased over time, which is estimated to be due to the decrease in insulation performance as the foaming gas escapes to the outside, and in the case of PIR class2 No.2 and PIR noncombustible, the increased thermal conductivity value is similar, but in the case of PIR class2 No.2, a relatively moderate increase can be seen, and in the case of PIR noncombustible, a large increase is seen at the beginning, which is judged to be due to the decrease in insulation performance as the internal foaming gas is substituted with air from the outside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

In 2018, overload, overcurrent, insulation aging, and a contact failure caused 659 electric fires. There is almost no failure of electrical socket outlets during their manufacturing or installation period. After several months or several years, overload or overcurrent of electrical socket outlets leads to a contact failure or short circuit which causes an electric fire. Therefore, this paper analyzed for thermal characteristics based on a current value and the change in insulation resistance along with a temperature rise caused by electrical socket outlets and the state of laboratory use in workplaces. As a results, regarding the thermal characteristics based on the current value of each installation year, a temperature increase was related to a current value, an installation year, and whether the contact unit is corroded. Insulation resistance began to decrease when a temperature increased to a certain level. With a lapse of installation year, the temperature at which insulation resistance began to decrease was lowered. This paper can be applicable for the survey data about electrical socket outlet induced fire accidents and management guidelines.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.683-689
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate physiological responses such as rectal temperature, skin temperature, micro climate, sweat rate and subjective sensations using cold protective clothing with five different clo value. The clo value was measured by thermal manikin in windless condition. Healthy five 20's males volunteered as subjects for wearing trial experiment. The climate chamber was controlled at $50^{\circ}C$, 65% RH. The experiment consisted of repeated exercise and recovery periods. We found that the higher clo value has, the higher mean skin temperature, micro climate and sweat rate show. They felt warm and wet with higher insulation clothing. Thermal comfort increased in the last recovery period after exercise. There was significant difference between five cold protective clothing. In correlation analysis of clo value, it showed that correlation coefficient(r) values were more than 0.8. Therefore, in terms of clothing insulation, we found that correlation between thermal manikin experiment and wearing trial experiment was high. Clothing insulation could be variable according to many factors such as body movement, covering area, clothing gap, layering and design. Considering the body movement, we thought that insulation measurement need to carry out both thermal manikin experiment and wearing trial experiment.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.361-368
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• 2010

Due to the insulation and the air-tightness requirement in modern buildings have resulted NBS(New Building Syndrome) and SBS(Sick Building Syndrome) of IAQ problems. Therefore, energy efficient way of solving such IAQ issues are of major concern in these days and building industries. This paper introduces a method to improve thermal performance with a DI(Dynamic Insulation) concept. The characteristic of the dynamic insulation is that the lower U-value as the higher air velocity through the DI in a micro level. A thermal performance monitoring study has been conducted to show the energy impact of porous DI over the static insulation material. The results show that up to 45% could be improved in the case with DI compared to the conventional insulation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.544-549
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• 2002

By the movable thermal manikin developed by China Dong Hua university, the laws of clothing thermal insulation influenced by dressing poses are studied. It is found that $I_a$ on nude thermal manikin has no relation to testing pose as a whole (notable level is 5%), while the change of testing pose influences $I_a$ value on parts of body obviously. The testing result $I_{cle}$ on clothed thermal manikin has relation to testing pose. The $I_{cle}$ value of the whole body in seated pose decreases 20 percent compared with that in standing pose (notable level is 1%). In view of heat transmission theory, the reasons are pointed out based on the knowledge of heat transmission.