• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.2 s.61
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• pp.228-239
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• 1998

Visual display terminal(VDT) is popular in majority of office in modern countries. Musculoskeletal pain due to repetitive work with VDT is a serious industrial accident at present. In recent studies, shoulder pain in VDT users is the most common problem in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of excercises on shoulder dysfunction in VDT-related female office workers. Of the 119 patients with shoulder dysfunction, 32 patients entered into the study. 16 patients(Group I) were not prescribed excercises, other 16 patients (Group II) performed throughout the specific shoulder excercises such as pendular excercises(for-ward, backward and circumduction) and sidelying external rotation excercises with weights. After 3 months of excercises, the two groups were compared in term of the pain rating scale, disability questionnaire score and range of motion score. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The pain rating scale in Group I before and after 3 months were not differenced significantly(p value=0.784) and in Group II, the scale before and after excercises were differenced significantly(p value=0.0005). 2. The disability questionnaire scores in Group I before and after 3 months were not differenced significantly(p value=0.437) and in Group II, the scores before and after excercises were differenced significantly(p value=0.0002). 3. The ROM scores of the affected shoulder in Group I before and after 3 months were not differenced significantly(p value=0.876) and in Group II, the scores before and after excercises were differenced significantly(p value=0.0017). In conclusion, that the specific shoulder excercises on shoulder dysfunction in VDT-related female office workers are encouraged.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.41-59
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• 1967

This study was aimed; firstly to observe various clinical symptomatology with reiation to the number of Ancylostoma duodenale larvae orally given to the human beings, secondly to evaluate the effects of some drugs like steroid hormones, antihistaminic3 and antitussives, and, thirdly to study the influences of some iron compounds in prevention and treatment of anemia of such origin. Ten healthy volunteers free from the previous history of hookworm infection were divided into 4 groups, to whom various numbers of actively moving filariform Ancylostoma duodenale larvae were orally given; 500 to 4 cases, 250 to 3 cases and 100 to 3 cases. Following were the results: 1. Clinical symptomatology 1. The most frequently encountered symptoms and signs were general malaise, cough and hoar seness. The tracheal itching and pain low back pain, arthralgia, sputum and salivation, acid belching, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and vomiting were also noted. 2. If the larger number of the larvae was given, the clinical symtomatology was more severe. 3. Prednisolone medication caused some improvement of such symptomatology, while the antihistaminics and antitussives like codeine or ephedrine were ineffective. 4. In volunteers whose nutritional conditions were rather poor appeared to show more severe symptomatology. 2. Effects of iron compounds 1. The oral administration of ferrous fumarate induced a slight increase of serum iron levels in the initial stage of the infection, then a decrease from $15{\sim}20$ days later and a recovery after 2 months. 2. The intravenous administration of saccharated ferric oxide induced a steady upkeep of the serum iron levels. 3. The hemoglobin contents also showed the upkeeps after either the oral or intravenous administration of the iron compounds. 4. The iron compounds, therefore, are considered to have the preventive as well as the therapeutic effects on hookworm anemia, which may strongly suggest that hookworm anemia is essentially the iron deficiency type. 3. Hematological changes 1. The severity of hookworm anemia generally correlated with the number of larvae given. 2. The moderate leucocytosis was observed in all cases regardless of the number of larvae given, which reached to a peak in $25{\sim}35$ days. 3. Eosinophilia was observed in all cases, but was more severe in cases given larger number of larvae, which was slightly less evident after the medication of prednisolone. 4. Red cell survival time The red cell survival time determined by $^{51}Cr$ was generally in the normal ranges except for the severe anemia patients.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effect of exercise program used for treatment of activity of daily living skill in patients with dementia. Methods : We searched foreign studies registered from 2007 to 2014 based on PubMed database, using the following search terms : dementia, alzheimer disease, cognitive impairment, exercise program, physical activity, activity of daily living, ADL. Total 5 studies included from 215 studies after analysis papers. Results : selected paper's average pedro score was 6, Katz index of ADLs, Bathel ADL index, IADL activity of daily living assessment tool were used. there was significant improves of activity of daily living skill in the use of exercise program groups and it prevent decreased of activity of daily living skill. Conclusion : This study provide evidence of exercise program applied in clinical use and demonstrate effective on activity of daily living ability. This results expected to help suggesting basic data for exercise program to improve activity of daily living ability and making effective treatment approach method in the future.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2020

Objective : This study introduces domestic and overseas systematic assessment tools that can identify eating problems of dementia patients based on abnormal behavior observations and turns them into Korean through the verification of content placement by expert groups. Methods : Three types of assessment tools were selected for final development in Korean version through several meetings based on a wide range of relevant literature searches. The 3 selected assessment tools were first translated by the researchers, and a 9-person expert team was used to verify the Content Validity Index. Results : The EBS content equivalence calculation shows that all 6 questions and 1 response item had a CVI value 0.9, and all items were included in Korean EBS without modification. The EdFED content equivalence calculation showed that all 11 questions had CVI value 0.9, which was included in the Korean edition of EdFED without modification. The content equivalence calculation of the FDI showed that all 19 questions had a CVI of 0.8 or higher, and all items were included in the Korean version of the FDI without modification of the item. Conclusion : Korean versions of the EBS, EdFED and FDI, which are based on behavioral observation and diet tools for people with dementia, have been developed. Early determination of problems related to diet in dementia patients and providing proper intervention through observational Korean version assessment tools is vital in terms of strengthening patient nutrition and reducing caregivers' burden.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reaction time and divided attention related to driving in elderly subjects using the driving ability assessment tool. By analyzing differences in average score according to age group, we also aim to, provide data for identifying the risk of driving in elderly people. Methods : A total of 70 elderly subjects, who participated in a driving evaluation program for people over 65 years of aged and who live in W city, Gangwon-do from August to December 2019, were included in the study. After the driving questionnaire was completed, the mobile driving assessment tool was explained, and then the patients carried out the reaction time and the divided attention task. Collected data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS 25.0, and the significance level was set to 0.1. Results : The reaction time of the younger-old was 0.717 s, while that of the older-old was 0.843 s, this difference was statistically significant (p=.084). The response time for the task of divided attention was 0.669 s in the younger-old and 0.695 s for the older-old. In this case, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=.901). Conclusion : Using the mobile driving ability assessment tool, it was possible to evaluate the reaction rate and divided attention of elderly while driving.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Objective : Recently, the demand for wearable mobile devices for the monitoring and improvement of one's health and quality of life is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the need of potential users in order to develop mobile health based and lifestyle care application for the elderly. Methods : Participants who lived in their community and used a mobile phone were recruited. Finally, a total of 84 participants completed the survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a t-test, which was carried out with SPSS version 25.0. Results : The application functions that users deemed important for a lifestyle care app were the number of daily steps, physical activity, blood pressure, sleep, nutrition and participation in activity. Interestingly, there was a significant difference in the importance given to the app function of participation in activities between age groups. Conclusion : This study investigated the need and preferences of potential users of health and lifestyle care application for the promotion of health among the elderly. The, findings obtained from this study could be a valuable resource for the development of lifestyle care application.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to compare the effects of tonification and sedation methods of Liver Meridian in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mice model. Methods : We injected MPTP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 5 consecutive days. Acupuncture treatments were given to the mice with MPTP at LR8 and LR4 to tonify Liver Meridian (Liver+) or LR4 and LR2 to sedate it (Liver-) for 12 day. At the 12th day after first injection, mice were perfused, and then tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunohistochemistry was performed in substantia nigra (SN) of their brains. After counting the number of TH-positive neurons, we compared their numbers among experimental groups. Results : The number of TH-positive neurons of Liver+ group was significantly increased compared to that of MPTP group in the SN. That of Liver-group was also increased more than MPTP group, but not significantly. Conclusions : Tonifying Liver Meridian might be effective therapeutic tools for the neuroprotection in subchronic MPTP-induced mice model.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the driving rehabilitation for on-road driving through a systematic review. Methods: We systematically examined papers published in journals from December 2014 to January 2015, using CINAH, Embase, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library. Eventually, 15 studies were included in the analyses. Results: The evidence of 15 studies was from levels I, III, and V. The subjects included in the analyses were patients with stroke(40.0%), older driver(20.0%), traumatic brain injury(20.0%), acquired brain injury(13.3%) and spinal cord injury(6.7%). The intervention types were driving simulator training(53.3%), cognitive skills training(26.6%), off-road educational training(6.7%), adaptation of assistive device(6.7%), and behind-the-wheel training(6.7%). The effects of driving rehabilitation were different depending on the types of intervention. However, driving simulator training showed significant improvement of on-road assessments in all studies included this study. Conclusions: Driving rehabilitation for on-road driving has been used in various types. Specially, the effect of the driving simulator training has been proved by many studies. Future studies are to be required with client from a range of diagnostic groups to establish evidence-based interventions and determine their effectiveness in improving on-road driving.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2011

Glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone) has been shown to be effective in preventing and suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been recently shown that GA-reactive T cells migrate through the blood-brain barrier, accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS), secrete antiinflammatory cytokines and suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines of EAE and MS. Development of EAE requires coordinated expression of a number of genes involved in the activation and effector functions of inflammatory cells. Activation of inflammatory cells is regulated at the transcriptional level by several families of transcription factors. One of these is the nuclear factor kappa B ($NF{\kappa}B$) family which is present in a variety of cell types and involved in the activation of immune-relative genes during inflammatory process. Since it is highly activated at site of inflammation, $NF{\kappa}B$ activation is also implicated in the pathogenesis of EAE. In this study, we examined whether the inhibition of $NF{\kappa}B$ activation induced by GA can have suppressive therapeutic effects in EAE mice. We observed the expression of $NF{\kappa}B$ and phospho-$I{\kappa}B$ proteins increased in GA-treated EAE mice compared to EAE control groups. The immunoreactivity in inflammatory cells and glial cells of $NF{\kappa}B$ and phospho-$I{\kappa}B$ significantly decreased at the GA-treated EAE mice. These results suggest that treatment of GA in EAE inhibits the activation of $NF{\kappa}B$ and phophorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ in the CNS. Subsequently, the inhibition of $NF{\kappa}B$ activation and $I{\kappa}B$ phosphorylation leads to the anti-inflammatory effects thereby to reduce the progression and severity of EAE.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

Background: Treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants can consist of medical or surgical approaches. The appropriate therapeutic regimen remains contentious. This study evaluated the role of surgery in improving the survival of premature neonates weighing less than 1,500 g with PDA. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to June 2011, 68 patients weighing less than 1,500 g with PDA were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups: a group managed only by medical treatment (group I), a group requiring surgery after medical treatment (group II), and a group requiring primary surgical treatment (group III). Results: The rate of conversion to surgical methods due to failed medical treatment was 67.6% (25/37) in the patients with large PDA (${\geq}2$ mm in diameter). The number of patients who could be managed with medical treatment was nine which was only 20.5% (9/44) of the patients with large PDA. There was no surgery-related mortality. Group III displayed a statistically significantly low rate of development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (p=0.008). The mechanical ventilation time was significantly longer in group II (p=0.002). Conclusion: Medical treatment has a high failure rate in infants weighing less than 1,500 g with PDA exceeding 2.0 mm. Surgical closure following medical treatment requires a longer mechanical ventilation time and increases the incidence of BPD. Primary surgical closure of PDA exceeding 2.0 mm in the infants weighing less than 1,500 g should be considered to reduce mortality and long-term morbidity events including BPD.