• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is designed in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Scalp Acupuncture and Do-ma Acupuncture related with Governer Vessel(Dok) and Bladder Meridian(Chok-taeyang) on acute low back pain Methods : We investigated 30 patients suffering from acute low back pain were admitted to Dunsan O.M.hospital from March. 1st 2005 to December. 30th 2005. We divided into two groups: one group was treated with Scalp acupunture, another group was treated with common acupuncture. 30 patients, were diagnosed only straightened curvature on lateral view of lumbar spine X -ray. Scalp acupunture related with Governer Vessel(Dok) and Bladder Meridian(Chok-taeyang) and Do-ma acupuncture. To estimate the efficacy of treatment that applied for two groups, we compared the visual analog scale(VAS), Oswestry disabiliby index(ODI) and Straight Leg Raising Test(SLRT) score of two groups statistically. Results : Both Scalp acupuncture related with Governer Vessel(Dok) and Bladder Meridian (Chok-taeyang) and Do-ma acupuncture therapy showed good effect on acute low back pain. It was proved by the difference between VAS, ODI and SLRT score checked before treatment and what checked after treatment on each groups. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of Scalp Acupuncture and Do-ma Acupuncture on acute low back pain can be recommended as a useful therapy to treat acute low back pain.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.2 s.20
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• pp.51-59
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• 1976

Methylene bis (3, 4, 6-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid) 'MTPA' has been developed for the purpose of treatment of clonorchiasis. It has been rpeorted that, in patients treated with MTPA, the flukes in the liver were killed, elevated serum bilirubin returned to normal and the patients´ general condition was improved. However it took $1{\sim}4 $ weeks to obtain sufficient therapeutic effects. In rabbits, excretion of bilirubin in the bile was increased by the MTPA, and this action was enhanced by a combination of deoxycholic acid with MTPA. This study was designed as a part of a series to increase the therapeutic effect of MTPA, by observing the relation of the blood level of MTPA with the excretion of MTPA in the bile, and the excretion of MTPA with bilirubin excretion in the bile caused by the injection of MTPA alone or in combination with deoxycholic acid. $^{14}C-labeled$ MTPA alone or with deoxycholic acid were injected into the ear veins of rabbits. The amout of bile, MTPA and bilirubin in the bile and the blood level of MTPA were measured. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The amount of excreted bile was decreased gradually as the time elapsed in both groups, that is groups injected with MTPA alone and with deoxycholic acid, without any significant difference between either group. 2. The largest amount of MTPA excretion in the early stage of the MTPA excretion in both groups, but deoxycholic acid caused an increase in blood level of MTPA whereas biliary excretion of MTPA decreased, especially in the early stage after drug injection. 3. The significant increment of bilirubin excretion began within an hour and it reached peak level in $2{\sim}2\frac{1}{2}$ hours after drug injection in both groups, but the amount of excreted bilirubin was larger in the combined group. The above results suggest that deoxycholic acid interferes with the biliary excretion of MTPA, and that there is no close relation between the increased excretion of MTPA and bilirubin excretion. But there is a close relation between blood level or tissue concentration of MTPA and bilirubin excretion. Concerning the influence of deoxycholic acid on the therapeutic effect of MTPA, deoxycholic acid would enhance the effect of MTPA, if the parasites take the drug from the blood, but diminish its effectiveness if they take the drug from the bile.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.615-624
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• 2022

Objective: To compare the therapeutic outcomes of laparoscopic hepatic resection (LHR) and laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) for single subcapsular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: We screened 244 consecutive patients who had received either LHR or LRFA between January 2014 and December 2016. The feasibility of LRFA in patients who underwent LHR was retrospectively assessed by two interventional radiologists. Finally, 60 LRFA-feasible patients who had received LHR and 29 patients who had received LRFA as the first treatment for a solitary subcapsular HCC between 1 cm and 3 cm were finally included. We compared the therapeutic outcomes, including local tumor progression (LTP), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) between the two groups before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was also used to evaluate the difference in OS and RFS between the two groups for all 89 patients. Results: PS matching yielded 23 patients in each group. The cumulative LTP and OS rates were not significantly different between the LHR and LRFA groups after PS matching (p = 0.900 and 0.003, respectively). The 5-year LTP rates were 4.6% and 4.4%, respectively, and OS rates were 100% and 90.7%, respectively. The RFS rate was higher in LHR group without statistical significance (p = 0.070), with 5-year rates of 78.3% and 45.3%, respectively. OS was not significantly different between the LHR (reference) and LRFA groups in multivariable analyses, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-1.54) (p = 0.818). RFS was higher in LHR (reference) than in LRFA without statistical significance in multivariable analysis, with an HR of 2.01 (0.87-4.66) (p = 0.102). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in therapeutic outcomes between LHR and LRFA for single subcapsular HCCs measuring 1-3 cm. The difference in RFS should be further evaluated in a larger study.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.380-387
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• 1993

Local excision and axillary dissection followed by radiation therapy to the breast has been shown to achieve equivalent local control and survival as mastectomy in an prospective randomized trials. We analyzed 28 cases of early breast cancer in order to evaluate the therapeutic effects of conservative surgery and definitive radiotherapy in the management of early breast cancer as possible alternative of simple mastectomy, retrospectively. Obtained results were as follows : 1. Treatment related acute side reactions are more prominant in the case of chemoradiotherapy group than radiotherapy alone group. 2. There were no cases of primary, regional or systemic failures on the last follow up examination. 3. Cosmetic results after treatment were satisfactory in 26 cases out of 28 cases on the last follow up examination. 4. There were no demonstrable differences of tumor control and cosmetic results between the treatment groups. Although, these results suggested that definitive radiotherapy after local excision would be a possible and desirable alternative instead of total mastectomy in the management of early breast cancers, analyzed cases were too small and follow up period was too short to evaluate the therapeutic effect of primary radiotherapy after local excision, exactly.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

Objective : To observe the biological responses and therapeutic effects of moxibustion and review the trend of related study. Methods : We searched and investigated the journals supplied by Pubmed online site and Je-Han Oriental Medical Academy homepage with the key word "moxibustion". Results : 1. The biological responses of moxibustion reveal on skelectal, digestive, urinary systems, especially blood, angiological systems. 2. The therapeutic effect of moxibustion are analgesic action, controls of excitation or inhibitation of nerve system, improvement of blood circulation, nutrition in organs, increase of absorption of pathlogical product, controls of secreting glands, care of tuberculosis, increase of natural healing power etc. 3. Moxibustions effects on diarrhea, edema, diabetus mellitus, hyperlipiemia, tinnitus, osteoporosis, facial palsy, myopia, pimple etc. 4. Most of moxibustion studys related on immunofunctional actions and renal functional actions. 5. To elevated quality of studies, we needs well-designed epeerimental methods, efficient secure of experimental groups, appropriate statistical verification, accumulations of knowledges about data research. Conclusions : We find out moxibustion is remakble on clinincal therapeutic effects, from now on much more studies are needed to develop this therapy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-240
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• 2009

Since NF-${\kappa}B$ has been identified as a transcription factor associated with immune cell activation, groups of researchers have dedicated to reveal detailed mechanisms of nuclear factor of ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) in inflammatory signaling for decades. The various molecular components of NF-${\kappa}B$ transcription factor pathway have been being evaluated as important therapeutic targets due to their roles in diverse human diseases including inflammation, cystic fibrosis, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis, transplantation rejection, and neurodegeneration. With regards to new drugs directly or indirectly modulating the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway, FDA recently approved a proteasome inhibitor bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Many pharmaceutical companies have been trying to develop new drugs to inhibit various kinases in the NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway for many therapeutic applications. However, a gene knock-out study for $IKK{\beta}$ in the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway has given rise to controversies associated with efficacy as therapeutics. Mice lacking hepatocyte $IKK{\beta}$ accelerated cancer instead of preventing progress of cancer. However, it is clear that pharmacological inhibition of $IKK{\beta}$ appears to be beneficial to reduce HCC. This article will update issues of the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway and inhibitors regulating this pathway.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2013

This study was performed on 26 disabled adolescent participants (16 male, 10 female) with the objective of testing changes in equilibrium after engagement in horseback riding. Participants of total 26 persons were divided into three groups as follows: 6 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), 14 children with Intellectual Disability (ID) and 6 children with Autism (AT). Participants engaged in therapeutic horseback riding (TR) two times per week for 30 minutes per session. The 26 participants demonstrated a considerable increase in equilibrium ability, with an average increase in equilibrium time of $44.22{\pm}50.70$ sec after TR. Equilibrium also increased according to disability group: CP (P < 0.05), ID (P < 0.001), and AT (P < 0.05). TR should be considered as a possible method for improving functionality in the physically disabled. This data may also be usefully applied to the development of a horseback riding program for the improvement of equilibrium in the disabled.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of complex theraputic exercise on visual analog scale of pain, shoulder' range of motion for middle-aged women with breast cancer related lymphedema. METHODS: The 14 middle-aged women involved voluntary in this study and then they were divided into two groups(n =7 per group). The complex exercise program was implemented over 4 weeks, 60 minutes per day, with 3 types of exercise for stimulation whereas the control group was performed a classical decongestive physiotherapy in a same day. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were estimated; 2 way repeated measures ANOVA was carried out. RESULTS: First, The level of VAS was significantly reduced on time, interaction effect in the group. Second, most factors of ROM were significantly increased on time, interaction effect whereas extension was not significantly increased. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Our results showed that complex therapeutic exercise could improve or maintain VAS and ROM of shoulder joint for middle-aged women with breast cancer related lymphedema.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.337-346
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• 2008

Applications of nanotechnology in the medical field have provided the fundamentals of tremendous improvement in precise diagnosis and customized therapy. Recent advances in nanomedicine have led to establish a new concept of theragnosis, which utilizes nanomedicines as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool at the same time. The development of high affinity nanoparticles with large surface area and functional groups multiplies diagnostic and therapeutic capacities. Considering the specific conditions related to the disease of individual patient, customized therapy requires the identification of disease target at the cellular and molecular level for reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic efficiency. Well-designed nanoparticles can minimize unnecessary exposure of cytotoxic drugs and maximize targeted localization of administrated drugs. This review will focus on major pharmaceutical nanomaterials and nanoparticles as key components of designing and surface engineering for targeted theragnostic drug development.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

Objective : Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects millions of people in the developed world. The disease is characterized by concurring airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, increased mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen, and pulmonary fibrosis. To investigate the therapeutic and anti-asthmatic effects of Drynariae Rhizoma (DR), we examined the influence of DR on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of DR on airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, various immune cell phenotypes, Th2 cytokine production and OVA specific IgE production in a mouse model of asthma. Results : In asthmatic mice, we found that DR.treated groups had suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation and AHR by suppressing the production of IL-5, IL-13 and OVA specific IgE. Conclusions : Our data suggest that the therapeutic mechanism by which DR effectively treats asthma is based on reductions of Th2 cytokines (IL-5), eotaxin, OVA-specific IgE production and eosinophil infiltration.