• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2005

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and buffalo. FMDV, a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus that contains a positive sense RNA of about 8.2 kb in size. The genome carries one open reading frame consisting of 3 regions: capsid protein coding region P1, replication related protein coding region P2, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region P3. FMDV infects pharynx epithelial cell in the respiratory tract and viral replication is active in lung epithelial cell. Morbidity is extremely high. A FMD outbreak in Korea in 2002 caused severe economic loss. Although intense research is undergoing to develop appropriate drugs to treat FMDV infection, there is no specific therapeutic for controlling FMDV infection. Moreover, there is an increasing demand for the development of vaccine strategies against FMDV infection in many countries. In this report, more effective prevention strategies against FMDV infection were reviewed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2010

Ten percent of all myxomas are the familial form. Familial myxomas appear to have autosomal dominant transmission. We experienced two siblings with familial myxomas. A left atrial myxoma was surgically removed in a 21-year-old woman. Six years later, other myxomas were found in the right atrium and the left atrium and these were also surgically removed. Right ventricular and right atrial myxomas were surgically excised in her brother. The two siblings were found to have frame-shift mutations in the PRKAR1A gene (c.537delA; p.Gly180GlufsX26), which is the causative gene for Carney complex. Obtaining the genetic diagnosis makes it possible to prepare more effective therapeutic strategies for these patients and the gene carriers. Complete excision, ruling out multicentricity and proper postoperative follow up are all necessary to avoid recurrence of myxoma.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and mutations in the BRCA1 gene produce increased susceptibility to these malignancies in certain families. In this study, the forward 1-13 exons of breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 were cloned from breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30 by RT-PCR method. Sequence analysis showed that nine BRCA1 splice forms were isolated and characterized, compared with wild-type BRCA1 gene, five splice forms of which were novel. These splice isoforms were produced from the molecular mechanism of 5' and 3' alternative splicing. All these splice forms deleting exon 11b and the locations of alternative splicing were focused on two parts:one was exons 2 and 3, and the other was exons 9 and 10. These splice forms accorded with GT-AG rule. Most these BRCA1 splice variants still kept the original reading frame. Western blot analysis indicated that some BRCA1 splice variants were expressed in ZR-75-30 cell line at the protein level. In addition, we confirmed the presence of these new transcripts of BRCA1 gene in MDA-MB-435S, K562, Hela, HLA, HIC, H9, Jurkat and human fetus samples by RT-PCR analysis. These results suggested that breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 may have unexpectedly a large number of splice variants. We hypothesized that alternative splicing of BRCA1 possibly plays a major role in the tumorigenesis of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Thus, the identification of cancer-specific splice forms will provide a novel source for the discovery of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and tumor antigens suitable as targets for therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

Objectives : The pathophysiology of ICH is not fully understood, therefore, the fundamental therapeutic strategies for ICH also not well inspected either. The genetic profile for the effect of Carthami Flos extract on cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using microarray technique. Genes displaying expressional change on brain damage were selected and the functional analysis on these genes was conducted. Methods : Rats were placed in a stereotaxic frame after intraperitoneal injection of chloralhydrate, and ICH was induced by injection of collagenase type IV and Carthami Flos extract was administered orally. The molecular profile of cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using microarray technique to identify up- or down- regulated genes in brain tissue. Results : Upon treatment with Carthami Flos extract on the rat having brain damage, many genes show expressional change. The pattern of gene expressional change can be classified into 8 classes in which two types of classes were composed of recovered genes from up or down-regulation by brain damage, respectively. Conclusions : Further analysis using protein interaction database identified some key molecules that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of Carthami Flos extract in future.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2017

Purpose: Since hospitals have a big impact on the natural and social environment, hospitals' sustainability must be considered in various aspects including environmental, social, and economical aspects. So far, research on sustainable hospitals has mainly been conducted on indoor environment, but outdoor space of hospital is as important as well. The purpose of this research is to study the sustainability of hospital outdoor space and to make proposals for improving sustainable regional public hospitals. Methods: Through preceding research analysis and literature review, the concept of sustainable outdoor space of hospital was defined. Also, the evaluation contents of outdoor space were extracted from domestic and foreign green building certification criteria. With this analytic frame, we visited 4 regional public hospitals in Korea, interviewed the facility managers, and analyzed sustainability of hospital outdoor space. Results: Analysis of 4 regional public hospitals reveals that there is a lack of consideration for sustainability in all 4 categories; urban and network, natural environment, community, and user. In terms of community, sustainability has rarely been applied to all four hospitals. The site selection and terrain of the site were essential to sustainability. Implications: Establishing a master plan considering future expansion is critical. Also more attempt to show regional characteristics is needed. It is necessary to design a comprehensive outdoor space that considers sustainability and also healing environment. Level difference in the site can be used as a design element.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

Purpose At recently, we enter into the aging society and a age-related disease is increasing. Among that, prevalence of degenerative brain disease like Parkin's disease will be increased. So, many radiopharmaceuticals is developed to diagnosis early and to evaluate the performance of therapeutic drugs. Especially $^{18}F-DOPA$ which involved at dopamine synthesis and function of storage is widely used to the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease as well as brain tumors. in the study, we will evaluate the distribution pattern of $^{18}F-DOPA$ at the striatum by using dynamic study. Materials and Methods We used Biograph Truepoint(Siemens, Germany) as PET/CT scanner, injected a $^{18}F-DOPA$ ($600{\pm}30MBq$) to patient (4men, 6women. $67{\pm}11age$) who visited our hospital from June to September, started 95min dynamic study at same time. after finishing acquisition, we reconstructed PET data with 19 frame every 5 minutes, analysed a average counts at ROI's where set at both striatums, anterior putamen, posterior putamen Results Counts in the cerebellum as the background formed a plateau after 90 minutes from the highest out rapidly reduced to 15 minutes. Counts of anterior putamen and posterior gradually increased but formed a plateau after 60min. A count ratio of Striatum to cerebellum was continuously increased up to more than 95 minutes, A count ratios of an anterior putamen to posterior one formed a plateau after 85 minutes. Conclusion The dynamic acquisition can be possible to evaluate a distribution of the $^{18}F-DOPA$ in the striatum and the VOI analysis through a dynamic acquisition and a variety of patterns. Futhermore, to make a uniformed distribution and count ratio of striatum to cerebellum, a static acquisition will have to start 90minutes later after injection.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.528-533
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• 2021

Bladder acontractility affects several thousand patients in the United States, but the available therapies are limited. Latissimus dorsi detrusor myoplasty (LDDM) is a therapeutic option that allows patients with bladder acontractility to void voluntarily. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine whether LDDM is a better option than clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) (standard treatment) in patients with bladder acontractility. On January 17, 2020, we conducted a systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Clinical Answers, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, without time frame limitations, to identify articles on the use of LDDM for bladder acontractility. Of 75 potential articles, 4 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The use of LDDM to treat patients with bladder acontractility was reported in four case series by the same group in Europe. Fifty-eight patients were included, and no comparison groups were included. The most common cause of bladder acontractility was spinal cord injury (n=36). The mean (±standard deviation) operative time was 536 (±22) minutes, postoperative length of hospital stay ranged from 10 to 13 days, and follow-up ranged from 9 to 68 months. Most patients had complete response, were able to void voluntarily, and had post-void residual volume less than 100 mL. Although promising outcomes have been obtained, evidence is still weak regarding whether LDDM is better than CIC to avoid impairment of the urinary tract among patients with bladder acontractility. Further prospective studies with control groups are necessary.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2023

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chromosome 4 open-reading frame 47 (C4orf47) has not been so far investigated for its prognostic value or association with infiltrating immune cells. We performed bioinformatics analysis on HCC data and analyzed the data using online databases such as TIMER, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, LinkedOmics, and GEPIA2. We found that C4orf47 expression in HCC was higher compared to normal tissues. High C4orf47 expression was associated with a worse prognosis in HCC. The correlation between C4orf47 and infiltrating immune cells is positively associated with CD4+T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in HCC. Moreover, high C4orf47 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis of infiltrating immune cells. Analysis of C4orf47 gene co-expression networks revealed that 12501 genes were positively correlated with C4orf47, whereas 7200 genes were negatively correlated. The positively related genes of C4orf47 are associated with a high hazard ratio in different types of cancer, including HCC. Regarding the biological functions of C4orf47 gene, it mainly regulates RNA metabolic process, DNA replication, and cell cycle. The C4orf47 gene may play a prognostic role by regulating the global transcriptome process in HCC. Our findings demonstrate that high C4orf47 expression correlates with poor prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC. We suggest that C4orf47 is a novel prognostic biomarker and potential immune therapeutic target for HCC.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.698-719
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• 2023

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by a systemic inflammation after porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. It was one of the most economically important pathogens affecting pig production worldwide before PCV2 vaccine was first introduced in 2006. After the development of a vaccine against PCV2a type, pig farms gradually restored enormous economic losses from PMWS. However, vaccine against PCV2a type could not be fully effective against several different PCV2 genotypes (PCV2b - PCV2h). In addition, PCV2a vaccine itself could generate antigenic drift of PCV2 capsid. Therefore, PCV2 infection still threats pig industry worldwide. PCV2 infection was initially found in local tissues including reproductive, respiratory, and digestive tracks. However, PCV2 infection often leads to a systemic inflammation which can cause severe immunosuppression by depleting peripheral lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues. Subsequently, a secondary infection with other microorganisms can cause PMWS. Eleven putative open reading frames (ORFs) have been predicted to encode PCV2 genome. Among them, gene products of six ORFs from ORF1 to ORF6 have been identified and characterized to estimate its functional role during PCV2 infection. Acquiring knowledge about the specific interaction between each PCV2 ORF protein and host protein might be a key to develop preventive or therapeutic tools to control PCV2 infection. In this article, we reviewed current understanding of how each ORF of PCV2 manipulates host cell signaling related to immune suppression caused by PCV2.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1271-1283
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• 2007

A fibrinolytic protease (PoFE) was purified from the cultured mycelia of the edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, using a combination of various chromatographies. The purification protocol resulted in an 876-fold purification of the enzyme, with a final yield of 6.5%. The apparent molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 32 kDa by SDS-PAGE, fibrin-zymography, and size exclusion using FPLC. The optimal reaction pH value and temperature were pH 6.5 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. PoFE effectively hydrolyzed fibrinogen, preferentially digesting the $A{\alpha}$-chain and the $B{\beta}$-chain over the ${\gamma}$-chain. Enzyme activity was enhanced by the addition of $Ca^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ ions. Furthermore, PoFE activity was potently inhibited by EDTA, and it was found to exhibit a higher specificity for the chromogenic substrate S-2586 for chymotrypsin, indicating that the enzyme is a chymotrypsin-like metalloprotease. The first 19 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence were ALRKGGAAALNIYSVGFTS, which is extremely similar to the metalloprotease purified from the fruiting body of P. ostreatus. In addition, we cloned the PoFE protein, encoding gene, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The cDNA of cloned PoFE is 867 nucleotides long and consists of an open reading frame encoding 288 amino acid residues. Its cDNA showed a high degree of homology with PoMEP from P. ostreatus fruiting body. The mycelia of P. ostreatus may thus represent a potential source of new therapeutic agents to treat thrombosis.