• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.593-602
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• 2010

Chitosan as a natural polymer has superior physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity, but application of chitosan for therapy of cancer and gene related-disease has been limited by poor solubility in aqueous solution. Therefore, low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWSC) with high reactivity and strong positive charge can be applied as a delivery system having function to carry in the specific tissue the bioactive material like poor solubility drug, or therapeutic gene and developed as a therapeutic system having good therapeutic efficiency. The most important factor for therapy of various diseases is to reveal the antigen or receptor expressed in specific lesion tissue and the antibody and ligand which can bind with antigen is to introduce at the biomaterials for enhancement the therapeutic efficiency. The studies for cationic synthetic polymer as drug or gene delivery have been actively performed, but it has many problems such as toxicity in the body, therapeutic efficiency. From this point of view, this article demonstrated the introduction of functional groups to target the specific tissue and therapeutic strategy using the modification of LMWSC with free-amine group. The development of these delivery system will provide a positive vision for cancer therapy.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.138-152
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data of home health care nursing centered in the hospital by analyzing home health care needs. Data were collected from June 15. 2000 to June 23. 2000 through questionnaires taken by 208 patients to be discharge in a general hospital. The Home Health Care Need instruments used for collecting data was developed by the researcher. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency. percentage. mean. standard deviation. Chi-square test. t-test. one-way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficients. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Factor Analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The perception of home health care nursing were 65.4% of subjects had never heard about home health care service and 2.4% of subjects knew about the methods & contents in detail. About the demands of home health care, 58.2% of the subjects were willing to use home health care and 41.8% weren't. 2. Regarding the areas of home health care needs. basic nursing care area was the highest. Education/ counselling, exercise/ hygiene. therapeutic nursing care was orderly. Injection and medication management of basic nursing care area were the highest. 3. In relation to characteristic-related diseases and home health care needs. as for the discharge type, the existence of sores, paralysis showed significant differences with home health care needs in the area of exercise/ hygiene(p<,05). Home health care needs in the area of therapeutic nursing care and exercise/ hygiene showed significant differences with the existence of pain. Home health care needs in the area of therapeutic nursing and basic nursing areas were significantly different in the use of catheter/ assistant instrument(p<.05). Home health care needs in the area of therapeutic nursing. exercise/ hygiene and basic nursing care showed significant difference with diagnosis(p<,05). In conclusion, awareness about home health care nursing were very low, home health care needs in the area of basic nursing was the highest. Home health care needs showed significant difference with discharge type, sores, paralysis, existence of pain, use of catheter/ assistant instrument and diagnosis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 1988

During the period between March 1979 and August 1986, 177 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with radiotherapy in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, SNUH. Among these, 25 patients who had incomplete treatment were excluded. So a retrospective analysis was undertaken of 152 patients who were treated by curative radiotherapy. More than $80\%$ showed response: Complete remission $(22\%)$, partial remission $(63\%)$ and no response $(15\%)$. The overall two-year and five-year actuarial survival rate were $22.9\%\;and\;13.3\%$ respectively. Prognostic factor was analyzed by its site, size, T stage, and tumor response. Patients with the best five-year survival rate were those who had the tumor no more than 5cm in length $(17\%)$ or confined to the upper third of the esophagus $(20.6\%)$. Complete responders had $34.3\%$ of 5-year actuarial survival, but no responders had $0\%$ of survival.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.267-275
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• 1993

Eighty five patients of oral cavity cancer, treated with radiation at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, during the period from March 1985 to September 1990 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 85 patients, 37 patients were treated with radiation only and 48 patients were treated with radiation following surgery. And 70 patients received external irradiation only by $^{60}Co$ with or without electron, the others were 7 patients for external irradiation plus interstitial implantation and 8 patients for external irradiation plus oral cone electron therapy. Primary sites were mobile tongue for 40 patients, mouth floor for 17 patients, palate for 12 patients, gingiva including retromolar trigone for 10 patients, buccal mucosa for 5 patients, and lip for 1 patient. According to pathologic classification, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (77 patients). According to AJC TNM stage, stage I + II were 28 patients and stage III+IV were 57 patients. Acturial overall survival rate at 3 years was $43.9\%,$ 3 year survival rates were $60.9\%$ for stage I + II, and $23.1\%$ for stage III+IV, respectively. As a prognostic factor, primary T stage was a significant factor (p<0.01). The others, age, location, lymph node metastasis, surgery, radiation dose, and cell differentiation were not statistically significant. Among those factors, radiation plus surgery was more effective than radiation only in T3+T4 or in any N stage although it was not statistically sufficient (p<0.1). From those results, it was conclusive that definitive radiotherapy was more effective than surgery especially In the view of pertainig of anatomical integrity and function in early stage, and radiation plus surgery was considered to be better therapeutic tool in advanced stage.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 1993

The evaluation of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB) was made following irradiation of human lymphocytes, murine lymphocytes and EL-4 leukemia cells over a wide dose range of $^{60}Co\;{gamma}-rays.$ In lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated murine lymphocytes, the slopes of the stand scission factor (SSF) revealed that lymphocytes with LPS increased DNA DSB formation by a factor of 1.432 (p<0.005). Furthermore, strand break production was relatively inefficient in the T lymphocytes compared to the B lymuhocytes. And EL-4 leukemia cells were found to form significantly more DNA DSB to a greater extent than normal lymphocytes (p<0.005). The in vitro studies of the intrinsic radiosensitivity between human lymphocytes and murine lymphocytes showed similar phasic kinetics. However, murine lymphocytes were lower in DNA DSB formation and higher in the relative radiation dose of 10 percent DNA strand breaks at 3.5 hours following ${gamma}-irradiation$ than human lymphocytes. Though it is difficult to interpret these results, these differences may be result from environmental and genetic factors. From our data, if complementary explanations for this difference will be proposed, the differences in the dose-effect relationship for the induction of DSB between humans and mice must be related to interspecies variations in the physiological condition of the peripheral blood in vitro and not to differences in the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of the lymphocytes. These results can be estimated on the basis of dose-effect correlation enabling the interpretation of clinical response and the radiobiological parameters of cytometrical assessment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.152-164
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• 2000

1. We experienced one case with facial palsy and paralytic strabismus, which improved under the treatment of Acupuncture, Infrared, Electroacupuncture and Massage. 2. The prognostic factor of facial palsy was affected by On Set and neurodegeneration (such as synkinesis, contraction, spasm and crocodile tear). 3. In facial palsy, Myoneural Excitability Test by Electroacupuncture, which will need the objective clinical standard, was available for the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

Neurotrophic factors control the survival and differentiation in developing neurons, Furthermore, nut evidence suggests that neurotrophic factors promote the axonal growth and synaptic plasticity In the CNS. Research is currently being undertaken in order to determine whether members of the neurotrophic factor family have potential therapeutic roles in preventing and/or reducing the neuronal cell death and atrophy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of characterized neurotrophic factors including NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 1987

The generalized Bathe method, proposed by Webb and Fox, which is a method of calculation of dose correction factor for the purpose of heterogeneous tissue, is complex even for a few kind of tissues. The method was modified for the purpose of getting a simple method that divide the multilayer of heterogeneous tissues into some groups of adjacent-tissue pairs. This new method could reduce the number of exponential terms and the time for calculating the dose correction factors by manual and computer calculation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), originally discovered and cloned as a powerful mitogen for hepatocytes, is a four kringle-containing growth factor which specifically binds to membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase, c-Met/HGF receptor. HGF has mitogenic, motogenic (enhancement of cell movement), morphogenic (e.g., induction of branching tubulogenesis), and anti-apoptotic activities for a wide variety of cells. During embryogenesis, HGF supports organogenesis and morphogenesis of various tissues, including liver, kidney, lung, gut, mammary gland, and tooth. In adult tissues HGF elicits an organotrophic function which supports regeneration of organs such as liver, kidney, lung, and vascular tissues. HGF is also a novel member of neurotrophic factor in nervous systems. Together with the preferential expression of HGF in mesenchymal or stromal cells, and c-Met/HGF receptor In epithelial or endothelial cells, the HGF-Met coupling seems to orchestrate dynamic morphogenic processes through epithelial-mesenchymal (or-stromal) interactions for organogenesis and organ regeneration. HGF or HGF gene may well become unique therapeutic tools for treatment of patients with various organ failure, through its actions to reconstruct organized tissue architectures. This review focuses on recently characterized biological and physiological functions integrated by HGF-Met coupling during organogenesis and organ regeneration.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2008

While indirect targeting strategies using reporter-genes are taking center stage in current molecular imaging research, another vital strategy has long involved direct imaging of specific receptors using radiolabeled ligands. Recently, there is renewal of immense interest in this area with particular attention to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein critically involved in the regulation of many cellular functions and malignancies. Recently, two novel classes of EGFR-targeting anticancer drugs have entered clinical trials with great expectations. These are monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab that target the extracellular domain, and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib (lressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva) that target the catalytic domain of the receptor. However, early results have showed disappointing survival benefits, disclosing a major challenge for this therapeutic strategy; namely, the need to identify tumors that are most likely to respond to the agents. To address this important clinical issue, several noninvasive imaging techniques are under investigation including radiolabeled probes based on small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-EGFR antibodies, and EGF peptides. This review describes the current status, limitations, and future prospects in the development of radiotracer methods for EGFR imaging.