• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2007

Pulse diagnosis that distinguishes internal injury from external injury by comparing the left and right of the chon pulse was formed in the process of Naegyoung's pulsation theory of ST9 and LU9 being assimilated into diagnostic method by taking chon pulse. The founder of school of internal injury, I Dong-won, expanded the horizon for this method to be widely used in clinical practice by especially explaining the specific application and theoretical background. According to him, pulse at ST9 which means chon pulse at the left hand, is bigger than the chon pulse at the right hand, it reflects external injury. Bigger "entrance pulse", a chon pulse at the right hand means internal injury. The reason is the left side of the body is a path for Yanggi so it controls the exterior part and the right side of the body is a path for Eumgi to descend so it controls the interior part. Internal injury develops as the spleen and stomach get injured. If the spleen and stomach is damaged essence derived from food cannot ascend to the stomach and will flow back to the lower part. As a result, fire of Eum type formed at the lower part will shoot up to the upper part and manifests external injury-like exterior syndromes. In this case, evidence distinguishing between internal and external injury is the fact that right hand pulse is bigger than the left hand. The important reason for distinguishing between internal and external injury is because when treating external injury caused by excess syndrome, pathogenic Gi should be dispelled. However, treating internal injury cased by deficiency syndrome, requires promoting the primordial Gi.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2005

During last few decades dietary guidelines for the weight management mainly have focused on a low-fat, high carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrate was supposed to be low-dense, highly satiating as well as it affects little on the lipogenesis. Although low-fat diet has significant weight-reducing effect, the loss was modest and usually regained after cessation of the diet. Furthermore, low-fat, modest-carbohydrate diet did not impact on the ever increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Alternative approaches include low-carbohydrate diet, high-carbohydrate diet and low-glycemic index diet. Although none of above mentioned diet have sufficient evidence for standard weight management diet, short-term efficacy and safety are being approved continuously. Low-carbohydrate diet contains less than 45% of carbohydrate in daily energy consumption, it is claimed to have more satiating effect and to improve metabolism. However, low compliance due to the limitation of food choice should be considered on prescribing the diet. High-carbohydrate which contains 90% of carbohydrate in total daily energy consumption, is effective in providing satiety and lowering total calorie intake and cholesterol. On the other hand, nutritional unbalance should be took into account. Low-glycemic index diet is based on the theory that contemporary diet contains significantly less fiber and unrefined carbohydrate, therefore insulin secretion is disturbed. Because low glycemic index food slowly increase blood glucose and insulin level, it induces much satiating effect and may decrease calorie ultimate intake. However, poor standardization of glycemic index is one of the main obstacle for the diet to be applied in the clinic. Meanwhile, high fructose food and beverage should be discouraged because it has little satiating effect and may cause insulin resistance. High fiber food is another recommendation for healthy, lean diet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2010

In this paper, we report that the effects of hydrogen doping on the electrical and optical properties of typical transparent conducting oxide films such as ZnO and $SnO_2$ prepared by magnetron sputtering. Recently, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown strong evidence that hydrogen acts as a source of n-type conductivity in ZnO. In this work, the beneficial effect of hydrogen incorporation on Ga-doped ZnO thin films was demonstrated. It was found that hydrogen doping results a noticeable improvement of the conductivity mainly due to the increases in carrier concentration. Extent of the improvement was found to be quite dependent on the deposition temperature. A low resistivity of $4.0{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ was obtained for the film grown at $160^{\circ}C$ with $H_2$ 10% in sputtering gas. However, the beneficial effect of hydrogen doping was not observed for the films deposited at $270^{\circ}C$. Variations of the electrical transport properties upon vacuum annealing showed that the difference is attributed to the thermal stability of interstitial hydrogen atoms in the films. Theoretical calculations also suggested that hydrogen forms a shallow-donor state in $SnO_2$, even though no experimental determination has yet been performed. We prepared undoped $SnO_2$ thin films by RF magnetron sputtering under various hydrogen contents in sputtering ambient and then exposed them to H-plasma. Our results clearly showed that the hydrogen incorporation in $SnO_2$ leads to the increase in carrier concentration. Our experimental observation supports the fact that hydrogen acting as a shallow donor seems to be a general feature of the TCOs.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-52
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• 2013

The metacognitive experience of the ease or difficulty with which new, external information can be processed, referred to as 'processing fluency,' has been shown to influence a wide range of human judgments including truth judgments, familiarity judgments, risk perception, evaluation, and preference (see Alter and Oppenheimer 2009 for a review). The current research explores the possibility of a consumer's product innovativeness judgment based on the difficulty of processing new information. In specific, this study examines if the inferential link between (dis)fluency-(un)familiarity can feed into the perception of innovativeness. This study also explores how a consumer's processing motivation can moderate the consumer's reliance on processing fluency in judgments and how the influence of fluency can vary depending on judgment task orders. In an experiment, participants rated a new product's innovativeness and then indicated their product attitude (or vice versa depending on the judgment task order condition) after reading a product review article that was printed in either an easy-to-read or a difficult-to-read font (for fluency manipulation). The findings show that low need for cognition individuals infer higher product innovativeness when processing product information is difficult rather than easy, consistent with the common assumption that 'new information is more difficult to process than familiar information.' The findings also suggest that once low fluency is attributed to innovativeness, it may no longer lead to a negative response to the product. High need for cognition individuals' judgments on product innovativeness are not affected by fluency. The findings also demonstrate a judgment task order effect on the use of fluency in judgments (e.g., Xu and Schwarz 2005). This study provides the first evidence that an individual's fluency experience can be used as a source of information in product innovativeness judgments especially under low processing motivation conditions. The findings can help marketers better understand the malleability of consumer judgments and perceptions of product characteristics (e.g., product innovativeness) by demonstrating an interesting interplay of processing fluency, processing motivation, and judgment task-related contextual factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose the algorithms of processing the uncertainty data using data fusion for the next generation intrusion detection. In the next generation intrusion detection, a lot of data are collected by many of network sensors to discover knowledge from generating information in cyber space. It is necessary the data fusion process to extract knowledge from collected sensors data. In this paper, we have proposed method to represent the uncertainty data, by classifying where is a confidence interval in interval of uncertainty data through feature analysis of different data using inference method with Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory. In this paper, we have implemented a detection experiment that is classified by the confidence interval using IRIS plant Data Set for anomaly detection of uncertainty data. As a result, we found that it is possible to classify data by confidence interval.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

We investigate the dynamic relationships among digital piracy activities, TV ratings, and online buzz for Korean TV dramas using a panel vector autoregression model. Our main findings include 1) TV ratings are negatively affected by digital piracy activities but positively affected by google buzz, 2) digital piracy activities are negatively affected by TV ratings and social buzz, and 3) social buzz and google buzz are positively influenced by each other. While many empirical studies were conducted to reveal the effects of music or movie piracy, our understanding of drama piracy is limited. We provide empirical evidence of the dynamic relationships between drama piracy, TV ratings, and online buzz. Our findings show the presence of indirect piracy effects on TV ratings through online buzz. Further, we reveal that social buzz and google trends play different roles in promoting TV ratings and piracy activities. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practitioners.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between country governance quality and worker remittances from foreign countries. Because remittances can be a source of funds for economic development and smoothing economic crises in developing countries, the related topic has been a concern for policy-makers and academic researchers. This paper divides the motives of remittances into altruistic and investment motives through existing papers, and then considers the governance quality the remittance receiving country as one of the determinants of remittances. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers whether governance quality can affect the volume of remittances, and uses altruistic and investment factors studied in the literature. To do this, a two-step approach is taken. First, the panel data are examined via pooled OLS, random effects, and Tobit estimation. Second, the paper reduces six governance indicators into one variable, Governance, using the principal component technique (PCA) for a robustness check. Findings - The main findings can be summarized as follows. The negative governance variable in the estimation results shows a lower governance quality that induces workers to send savings to their home countries. This means that a country with poor governance quality seems to have more remittance inflows from abroad. It also reveals that poor governance quality is more relevant to an altruistic motive rather than an investment motive, in general. The positive per capita GDP variable shows the investment motive for developed countries. Originality/value - Existing papers have focused on various factors related to the motives of remittances. However, governance quality effects on remittance inflows have not been fully studied so far. This paper considers governance quality in an estimation equation explicitly as one of the determinants of remittances. This area of study is needed, in theory and empirically, in order to fully understand the relationship between governance and remittances.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.207-223
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• 2010

One of the important prudential regulations is the capital regulation. The current domestic and international capital regulation sets the minimum capital requirement according to the size of risk which is the simple sum of market risk and credit risk. However the portfolio theory suggests that, due to the effect of diversification, the total risk is less than the summation of market and credit risk. This paper investigates and does empirical test to verify the diversification effect in measuring financial firm's integrated risk. We verify the diversification effect between the market risk and credit risk. This paper's contribution is to present the empirical evidence that, considering the relationship between market and credit risk, the integrated risk is less than sum of them. This implication is that the surplus capital may be used for the other purposes, therefore enhancing capital allocation efficiency in view of society as a whole.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-83
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• 2020

This paper examines the actions and the factors driving those actions to reduce energy consumption and enhance energy efficiency taken by United States cities. While not much empirical evidence is available on why governments pursue practical sustainability actions, we attempt to shed more light on this important topic by empirically identifying factors that contribute to concrete actions toward sustainability policies. We adopt political market theory as a basic theoretical framework with policy-making applied to city energy consumption. Using the 2010 ICMA (local government sustainability policies and program) data, this study expands the focus of analyses to evaluate the effect of the form of government on energy consumption and energy efficiency by using multiple regression analysis. The findings show that at the city level, the mayor-council form of government are negatively associated with governments' efforts to reduce energy consumption. However, cities with at-large elections and municipal ownership are more likely to adopt sustainability actions. We also find that a large-scale economy has significant effects on the effort to reduce city energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. This shows that environmental policies are directly connected to locally relevant affairs, including housing, energy use, green transportation, and water. Thus, local level administrators could take an executive role to protect the environment, encourage the development of alternative energy, and reduce the use of fossil fuel and coal energy. These efforts can lead to important environmental ramifications and relevant actions by municipal governments.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.161-180
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• 2017

This article studies the theory of corporate social responsibility; CSR. By examining the flow of CSR in the Korean market and empirical testing, investigates the relationship between CSR and corporation financial performance (CFP) in Korean enterprises. This paper places emphasis on the change in CSR as a result of globalization and explores the influence of CSR on CFP by using data from 2008 to 2014 of 528 Korean Firms, 1583 time series observations. We found that globalization had a positive influence on Korean CFP and that CSR activities derived from globalization exert a positive influence on CFP. Our findings show that CSR can strengthen the positive influence of globalization on CFP, and the Korean corporations' changing perception of CSR.