• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2020

This paper investigates the free and forced longitudinal vibration of a double nanorod system using doublet mechanics theory. The doublet mechanics theory is a multiscale theory spanning between lattice dynamics and continuum mechanics. Equations of motion and boundary conditions for the double nanorod system are obtained using Hamilton's principle. Clamped-clamped and clamped-free boundary conditions are considered. Frequencies and dynamic displacements are determined to demonstrate the effects of length scale parameter of considered material and geometry of the nanorods. It is shown that frequencies obtained by the doublet mechanics theory are bounded from above (van Hove singularity) and unlike classical elasticity theory doublet mechanics theory predicts finite number of modes depending on the length of the nanotube. The present doublet mechanics results have been compared to molecular dynamics, experimental and nonlocal theory results and good agreement is observed between the present and other mentioned results. The difference between wave frequencies of graphite is less than 10% between doublet mechanics and experimental results near to the end of the first Brillouin zone.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.97-114
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• 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to deduct the factors for explaining the economic behavior of an Internet user who provides personal information notwithstanding the concern about an invasion of privacy based on the Information Privacy Calculus Theory and Communication Privacy Management Theory. Design/methodology/approach This study made a design of the research model by integrating the factors deducted from the computation theory of information privacy with the factors deducted from the management theory of communication privacy on the basis of the Dual-Process Theory. Findings According to the empirical analysis result, this study confirmed that the Privacy Concern about forms through the Perceived Privacy Risk derived from the Disposition to value Privacy. In addition, this study confirmed that the behavior of an Internet user involved in personal information offering occurs due to the Perceived Benefits contradicting the Privacy Concern.

• International journal of steel structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1265-1283
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• 2018

This paper presents a four-variable first-order shear deformation theory considering in-plane rotation of functionally graded plates. In recent studies, a simple first-order shear deformation theory was developed and extended to functionally graded plates. It has only four variables, separating the deflection into bending and shear parts, while the conventional first-order shear deformation theory has five variables. However, this simple first-order shear deformation theory only provides good predictions for simply supported plates since it does not consider in-plane rotation varying through the thickness of the plates. The present theory also has four variables, but considers the variation of in-plane rotation such that it is able to correctly predict the responses of the plates with any boundary conditions. Analytical solutions are obtained for rectangular plates with various boundary conditions. Comparative studies demonstrate the effects of in-plane rotation and the accuracy of the present theory in predicting the responses of functionally graded plates.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.87-99
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• 2021

Purpose - In this study, I attempt to clarify three theories of firm boundaries (vertical integration): the principal-agent theory, transaction cost theory, and property rights theory. Although these theories have been widely cited and much discussed, it has been found that understanding the commonalities and distinctions of these seemingly familiar theories is difficult. Design/methodology/approach - I present the three theories about the decisions that firms make concerning their boundaries. Then, I compare elemental versions of the theories of the firm. Findings - Comparing the ingredients of the elemental property rights and principal-agent theories shows that they provide a unified account of the costs and benefits of vertical integration. However, the property rights theory in no sense formalizes the transaction cost theory. Research implications or Originality - Clarifying the three theories of the firm can help to construct empirical models and interpret its results.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2024

In contemporary architectural discourse, the concept of space is ubiquitous, yet its historical genesis and theoretical underpinnings in Gottfried Semper's seminal theoretical work remain under explored. This study investigates the reception and integration of Semper's architectural theory into modern discourse, tracing its trajectory from August Schmarsow, to Nikolaus Pevsner, to Sigfried Giedion. While Semper's "cladding theory" had initially been understood in terms of both its relation to physical properties and structural and functional values, leading to an expansion of cladding as a new genre of art, i.e. arts and crafts, Semper's "architectural theory" instead explained cladding theory in terms of space. In disseminating Semper's theoretical work, Schmarsow was especially important as he himself played an increasingly prominent role in expanding the boundaries of modernist architectural theory and practice from the beginning of the 20th century on.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.45-60
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to set related variables for leadership measurement in the leader of a community organization as an effort to Community development constantly. Therefore, in this study, first, various theories on leadership were reviewed. Second, approaches and variable relationships were reviewed by leadership theory study. Third, leadership measurement variables were set based on Bass's Transformational theory, one of new trend theory, to measure the leadership of the community organization leader. As a follow up, clear and scientific analysis, through empirical analysis, based on the variables set in this study will be made to measure leadership of a community organization after creating investigation tools based on the variables set in this study A literature study was mainly used. 'Human Behavior' by Dr Han-geom Lee, 'Leadership Theory' by Eung-seop Shin, many other related books, articles of the Human Relation Organization Association, and theses and Bass's writings. Major findings of this study, through the literature study, were as follows. As conventional leadership theories, characteristics theory, behavior theory and situational leadership theory were proposed. First, characteristics theory searches the characteristics of an effective leader. It proposes that effective leaders and ineffective leaders have different characteristics, respectively. Therefore, it proposes to study the leader's characteristics. However, there is not a flexed definition for leader's characteristics. Scholars make different definition on leader's characteristics, and they are very subjective. Thus it cannot be a valid theory. Second, behavior theory describes how the leader behaves to his fellows. It studies leader's behavior focusing on what type and what combination is the most effective in all situations. However, it has weakness in that it focuses on a leader's behavior only, and ignores the situational features. Third, situational theory describes the relationship between leadership type and situation. It suggests that there is not a single leadership style that can suit all situations. It emphasizes the relationship between leadership type and situation. Although situational theory considers more variables than characteristics theory or behavior theory, it also sees situations as static and flxed. Although Fiedler's theory tried to comply with situations, he did not analyze interactions between a leader and his fellows.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.107-107
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• 2000

1. Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory was first developed from observation of astronomical phenomena. Natural phenomena were explained and incorporated into the concepts of Yukki(六氣), and Ohaeng(五行, the concept that all matter in the world are comprised of five fundamental elements), during Chon-guk(戰國) and Han(漢) periods. In that period. Kanji(干支, the method to present time with ten and twelve different kinds of symbol's combinations) was used to record Ounyukki(五運六氣). Theoretical study of Un-gi(運氣, the abbreviation of Ounyukki) was almost completed in Un-gichilpyon(運氣七篇) of Naekyong(內經). Un-gi(運氣) theory was further studied and considered to be very important socially, as well as medically, in Tang(唐), Song(宋), Kum(金), and Won(元) periods. Hagan(河間) published various studies based on Un-gi(運氣) theory in Kum won(金元) periods. 2. Hagan(河間) realized the limitation of a remedy method, of Sanghan(傷寒) theory. Therefore, he made an assumption that the prevalence of diseases in his period are closely related to Hwayol(火熱, a fire and a super-heat; two things out of Yukki(六氣)). His new theory was a result of the study on Kyongjon(經典, bibles of the oriental medicine) and the phenomena of nature. 3. Hagan(河間) used a combination of two basic theories of Pimuripsang(比物立象) and Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) to make understood Hwayol(火熱) theory, Pimuripsang(比物立象) theory explains a method to appreciate the essence of things by comparing Sang(象, an expression of how something appears on the outside) and then making another Sang(象) from the comparison. Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) is a theory to emphasize the importance of a balance of Yukki(六氣). It is that, if one of the elements is exceeded, other thing in the other five elements dominate the exceeded thing to control it for the balance between Yukki(六氣). In addition, he articulated P'yobon(標本. inside and outside of a thing) theory to differentiate the disease symptoms. These theories will help to distinguish real and fake symptoms of diseases, on which Hagan(河間) emphasized its importance. 4. Hagan(河間) published a new theory to explain Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory based on the observation of the nature and the experience from medical practice. And he added Chobyonggi(燥病機, course and rule causing disease in dry conditions) to Pyonggishipkujo(病機十九條, nineteen course and rule causing disease), it strengthened Pyonggi(病機, course and rule causing disease) theories. Moreover. he utilized Un-gi (運氣) theory in a real life situation by applying Un-giron(運氣論) to diagnosis like Maekchin(脈診, a method to diagnose by taking the pulse) and to prescription. 5. Modern society is an era in which it is hard to appreciate the principles of the changes due to the various unusual weather. Therefore, it is necessary to make a new paradigm using Un-gi(運氣) theory, like Hagan(河間) did in Kumwon(金元) period. 6. Unusual weather changes and the geriatric diseases such as cancer and diabetes, may have Sang(象) of Hwayol(火熱) theory at the other side. These diseases have been and will create more serious problems in modern society. As a method to solve these problems. it seems to be very important to understand and apply Hagan's(河間) Hawyol(火熱) theory to modern society.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.108-145
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• 2000

1. Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory was first developed from observation of astronomical phenomena. Natural phenomena were explained and incorporated into the concepts of Yukki(六氣), and Ohaeng(五行, the concept that all matter in the world are comprised of five fundamental elements), during Chon-guk(戰國) and Han(漢) periods. In that period. Kanji(干支, the method to present time with ten and twelve different kinds of symbol's combinations) was used to record Ounyukki(五運六氣). Theoretical study of Un-gi(運氣, the abbreviation of Ounyukki) was almost completed in Un-gichilpyon(運氣七篇) of Naekyong(內經). Un-gi(運氣) theory was further studied and considered to be very important socially, as well as medically, in Tang(唐), Song(宋), Kum(金), and Won(元) periods. Hagan(河間) published various studies based on Un-gi(運氣) theory in Kum won(金元) periods. 2. Hagan(河間) realized the limitation of a remedy method, of Sanghan(傷寒) theory. Therefore, he made an assumption that the prevalence of diseases in his period are closely related to Hwayol(火熱, a fire and a super-heat; two things out of Yukki(六氣)). His new theory was a result of the study on Kyongjon(經典, bibles of the oriental medicine) and the phenomena of nature. 3. Hagan(河間) used a combination of two basic theories of Pimuripsang(比物立象) and Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) to make understood Hwayol(火熱) theory, Pimuripsang(比物立象) theory explains a method to appreciate the essence of things by comparing Sang(象, an expression of how something appears on the outside) and then making another Sang(象) from the comparison. Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) is a theory to emphasize the importance of a balance of Yukki(六氣). It is that, if one of the elements is exceeded, other thing in the other five elements dominate the exceeded thing to control it for the balance between Yukki(六氣). In addition, he articulated P'yobon(標本. inside and outside of a thing) theory to differentiate the disease symptoms. These theories will help to distinguish real and fake symptoms of diseases, on which Hagan(河間) emphasized its importance. 4. Hagan(河間) published a new theory to explain Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory based on the observation of the nature and the experience from medical practice. And he added Chobyonggi(燥病機, course and rule causing disease in dry conditions) to Pyonggishipkujo(病機十九條, nineteen course and rule causing disease), it strengthened Pyonggi(病機, course and rule causing disease) theories. Moreover. he utilized Un-gi (運氣) theory in a real life situation by applying Un-giron(運氣論) to diagnosis like Maekchin(脈診, a method to diagnose by taking the pulse) and to prescription. 5. Modern society is an era in which it is hard to appreciate the principles of the changes due to the various unusual weather. Therefore, it is necessary to make a new paradigm using Un-gi(運氣) theory, like Hagan(河間) did in Kumwon(金元) period. 6. Unusual weather changes and the geriatric diseases such as cancer and diabetes, may have Sang(象) of Hwayol(火熱) theory at the other side. These diseases have been and will create more serious problems in modern society. As a method to solve these problems. it seems to be very important to understand and apply Hagan's(河間) Hawyol(火熱) theory to modern society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.52-61
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• 2001

At least, there are intense pressures on the natural habitats from various disturbance, including urbanization, extension of industrial area, and road construction. These human land use result in fragmentation of landscape and natural habitat. The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation include the direct effects of habitat loss and the indirect effects of reduced inter-patch dispersal. The decline of biological diversity has been rapidly declined by the habitat loss and fragmentation. Conservation strategists should consider not only the habitat amount of that must be preserved, but also the spatial configuration of habitat across the landscape. But, the paucity of available data for most species forces landscape ecologists to develop the concept, model, and theory. The developed theories are often misused in academic papers and practical applications. The development history, presumption of concept, model, theory is ignored. This tendency have leaded to failure of landscape restoration and the use of theory in conservation practice have come under increasing attacks. This paper will highlight the ecological theory that have proven the most influential in landscape ecology, restoration and conservation : the theory of island biogeography, the theory of nested subset analysis, minimum viable population(MVP), the theory of metapopulation dynamics. And, it find the problem and usefulness of four theory in application to real world. Consequently, the understanding of theoretical implication about landscape ecological theory is required. We must carefully apply the theory after examining the problem and availability of various theory because of no existence of only one general theory.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.199-211
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• 2009

The concept of Myeongmun(命門) could be found in early medical texts such as "Naegyeong (內經)" and "Nan-gyeong(難經)", but the real idea about Myeongmun(命門) had mainly originated from "Nan-gyeong", in successive medical research. The concept of Myeongmun in "Nan-gyeong" could be read as an organ without form, and under the influence of Taoism theory, the concept of Myeongmun could also be understood as Danjeon(丹田). The theory about Danjeon in Taoism theory affected the concept of Myeongmun in medical theory to be closely related with the concept of Hwa(火), especially Sanghwa(相火). Through the theoretical development of Myeongmun and Sanghwa, the concept of Sanghwa could have been understood as a kind of Hwa(火) in human body, and the theoretical development like this had appeared from the time of Geumwon(金元) dynasty, when many medical doctors had experienced the Naedan(內丹) theory of Taoism. Under the influence of Taoism theory, from the time of the Geumwon dynasty to Myeong(明) dynasty, efforts to explain the concept of Myeongmun and Sanghwa in the human body made various meaningful theoretical products, which was not well-known within medical theories of ancient times. We need to recognize the differences in the understanding of the concept of Myeongmun and Sanghwa among each medical doctors, especially among those that showed opposite views. This study is based on the opinion that the difference in the understanding of the concept of Myeongmun and Sang-hwa among each medical doctors had been mainly due to the difference of understanding and analyzing the Taoism theory as the origin of the Myeongmun and Sanghwa theory in medicine. Regarding this, this study will take an overview of the successive development of Myeongmun and Sang-hwa theory in medicine, and will also look into the concept of Danjeon and Sanghwa in Taoism theory, which will allow better understanding of the progress of development of the Myeongmun and Sanghwa theory.