• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.260-275
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• 2018

The corrosion inhibition of cast iron in 1 M HCl by Phenanthroline (Phen) was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface analysis and theoretical calculations. It is found that Phen exhibits high inhibition activity towards the corrosive action of HCl and its adsorption obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The results showed that inhibition efficiency increases with Phen concentration up to a maximum value of 96% at 1.4 mM, and decreases slightly with the increase in temperature. The free adsorption energy value indicates that Phen adsorbs on cast iron surface in 1 M HCl via a simultaneous physisorption and chemisorption mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of a protective film on cast iron surface, resulting in the improvement of its corrosion resistance in the studied aggressive solution. Quantum chemical calculations at the DFT level were achieved to correlate electronic structure parameters of Phen molecules with their adsorption mode.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2020

Vibratory bowl feeders are widely utilized to align and feed the parts stacked inside the bowl of a feeder. The electro-magnetic force of the electromagnet in a bowl feeder generates the excitation force for the bowl to vibrate in both the horizontal and vertical directions to continuously feed the parts on the track. The feed rate of the part depends on the associated displacement in each direction during the vibration. Therefore, the excitation force induced by the electromagnet should be estimated in advance to ensure the suitable design of the bowl feeder. In this study, a theoretical solution was developed to calculate the electro-magnetic force of the electromagnet for a bowl feeder. Using the proposed solution, the electro-magnetic forces corresponding to a variation in the input parameters of the electromagnet, such as the voltage, frequency, and air gap, could be obtained. The force values obtained using the theoretical solution exhibited a satisfactory agreement with the results obtained using the finite element method, thereby demonstrating the validity of the approach. Subsequently, the bowl displacements were analyzed using the motion equation for the bowl feeder when the theoretically obtained excitation force were applied to vibrate the feeder. The correlation between the vertical displacements of the bowl and input parameters of the electromagnet could be obtained.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2024

Metal corrosion in acidic environments is a major issue in various industrial applications. This study evaluates the 4-piperonylideneaminoantipyrine (PPDAA) corrosion inhibition efficiency for mild steel in a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. The weight loss method was used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency at different concentrations and immersion time periods. Results revealed that the highest inhibition efficiency (94.3%) was achieved at 5 mM concentration after 5 hours of immersion time. To inspect the surface morphology of the inhibitor film on the mild steel surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used before and after immersion in 1.0 M HCl. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the molecular structure and electronic properties of the inhibitor molecule to understand the corrosion inhibition mechanism. Theoretical results showed that the inhibitor molecule can adsorb onto the mild steel surface through its nitrogen and oxygen atoms, forming a protective layer that prevents HCl corrosive attack. These findings highlight the potential of PPDAA as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution. Moreover, combining experimental and theoretical approaches provides insights into the mechanism of corrosion inhibition, which is essential for developing effective strategies to prevent metal corrosion in acidic environments.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1998년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제17권 1호
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• pp.323-326
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• 1998

The paper describes a theoretical and experimental study on the speed of the torsional elastic waves propagating in an axisymmetirc waveguide whose cross-sectional area varies periodically as an harmonic function of the axial coordinate. The approximate solution of the phase speed has been obtained using the perturbation technique for sinusoidal modulation of small amplitude. The experiment verifying the theoretical result consists of transmitting and receiving torsional waves by magnetostriction and measuring the wave speed in the waveguides with threaded surfaces.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제23권1_2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2007

In this paper we consider the inverse minimum flow (ImF) problem, where lower and upper bounds for the flow must be changed as little as possible so that a given feasible flow becomes a minimum flow. A linear time and space method to decide if the problem has solution is presented. Strongly and weakly polynomial algorithms for solving the ImF problem are proposed. Some particular cases are studied and a numerical example is given.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2013

In industries, shipping is an important issue in improving the forecasting accuracy of sales. This paper introduces a hybrid method and plural methods are compared. Focusing the equation of exponential smoothing method (ESM) that is equivalent to (1, 1) order autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) model equation, a new method of estimating the smoothing constant in ESM had been proposed previously by us which satisfies minimum variance of forecasting error. Generally, the smoothing constant is selected arbitrarily. However, this paper utilizes the above stated theoretical solution. Firstly, we make estimation of ARMA model parameter and then estimate the smoothing constant. Thus, theoretical solution is derived in a simple way and it may be utilized in various fields. Furthermore, combining the trend removing method with this method, we aim to improve forecasting accuracy. This method is executed in the following method. Trend removing by the combination of linear and 2nd order nonlinear function and 3rd order nonlinear function is executed to the original production data of two kinds of bread. Genetic algorithm is utilized to search the optimal weight for the weighting parameters of linear and nonlinear function. For comparison, the monthly trend is removed after that. Theoretical solution of smoothing constant of ESM is calculated for both of the monthly trend removing data and the non-monthly trend removing data. Then forecasting is executed on these data. The new method shows that it is useful for the time series that has various trend characteristics and has rather strong seasonal trend. The effectiveness of this method should be examined in various cases.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2012

에너지 수요의 지속적인 증가는 화석 연료의 사용을 통해 상당한 부분이 충족되고 있으며 이로 인한 이산화탄소의 배출은 지구온난화의 주요 원인으로 인식되고 있다. 대규모 발생원으로부터 이산화탄소를 포집하기 위한 방안의 하나로 흡수 공정이 적용되고 있으며, 흡수제의 흡수 및 재생으로 구성된 연속 순환 공정 특성상 흡수제의 특성뿐만 아니라 흡수 재생 운전 조건은 전체 공정 성능에 매우 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 이러한 최적의 운전 조건은 실제로 운전되고 있는 공정에서 찾아내는 것이 최선이라 할 수 있으나, 이를 위해 실제 상용 공정의 운전 변수를 임의로 변경하는 것은 공정 안정성 측면에서 현실적으로 불가능한 경우가 많다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 현실적인 제약을 극복하고자 흡수제의 기-액 상평형에 대한 이론적인 접근법을 적용하였다. 12 wt% $NH_3$ 수용액을 이용한 $CO_2$ 흡수 공정에서 최적 흡수 재생 조건 파악에 적용된 이론적인 접근법을 20 wt% Monoethanl amine (MEA) 수용액에 적용하여 흡수제의 최적 재생 조건을 예측하였다. 12 wt% $NH_3$ 수용액을 $CO_2$ 흡수 재생 공정에 사용할 경우, 재생 공정으로 공급하는 흡수액의 $CO_2$ 부하(loading)를 0.4 이하로 유지하는 것이 필요한 반면, 20 wt% MEA 수용액을 사용하는 경우에는 재생 공정으로 공급되는 흡수액의 $CO_2$ 부하에 대한 제한이 필요 없음을 알 수 있었다. 최적 재생 온도는 이론적 접근법을 이용해서 재생 공정으로 공급되는 흡수액의 $CO_2$ 부하에 따라 결정할 수 있으며, 재생된 흡수액의 $CO_2$ 부하는 흡수 공정에서 필요한 $CO_2$ 흡수량에 따라 결정되고 이를 기준으로 최적 재생 온도에 해당하는 열원의 공급량을 결정할 수 있게 된다. 12 wt% $NH_3$ 수용액을 이용한 실험실 규모의 연속 $CO_2$ 흡수 재생 실험에서 최적 재생 조건을 비교적 정확하게 예측할 수 있었던 이론적 접근법을 20 wt% MEA 수용액에 적용하여 최적 재생 조건 예측에 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 실제 화학흡수제를 이용한 $CO_2$의 흡수 재생 공정의 설계 및 운전에 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1988년도 학술세미나 강연집
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• pp.71-123
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• 1988

The aim of this paper is to examine the end bearing capacity of a pile in cohesionless soils. The ode of failure of soil due to pile installation is assumed from experimental observation of actual soil deformation. A new solution is proposed complying with the assumed mode of failure by employing the theory of cavity expansion. The effect of curvature of failure envelope is studied in relation to tile proposed solution. The influence of a curved failure envelope becomes larger with increasing degree of curvature and the level of confining stress. This effect in some cases or reduce the end bearing capacity by tore the 80 percent compared with that given by a straight failure envelope. For practical application of tile proposed solution, the method of determining the average volume change in the plastic zone is re-evaluated. The proposed solution is confirmed by comparing the theoretical values with experimental results obtained from model pile tests in a calibration chamber. The comparison shows that the proposed solution provides a reasonable prediction of end bearing capacity for both weak and strong grained soils.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.541-547
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• 2000

This paper presents the closed-form forward kinematics of the 6-6 Stewart platform of planar base and moving platform. Based on algebraic elimination method and with one extra linear sensor, it first derives an 8th-degree univariate equation and then finds tentative solution sets out of which the actual solution is to be selected. In order to provide more exact solution despite the error between measured sensor value and the theoretical one, a correction method is also used. The overall procedure requires so little computation time that it can be efficiently used for realtime applications. In addition, unlike the iterative schemes e.g. Newton-Raphson, the algorithm does not require initial estimates of solution and is free of the problems that it does not converge to actual solution within limited time. The presented method has been implemented in C language and a numerical example is given to confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed algorithm.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.183-204
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• 2007

지하수위 아래에 터널이 굴착되면,지하수가 터널내로 유입되면서 터널 단면에 침투력이 작용하게 된다. 이 침투력은 내압과 터널 내공단면의 변위 관계로 정의되는 지반반응곡선에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 터널내로의 지하수 흐름으로 발생하는 침투력을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 침투력은 터널 주위의 동수경사의 분포를 바탕으로 계산되었으며, 이 결과를 바탕으로, 정상류 흐름일 때 침투력을 고려한 지반반응곡선의 이론해를 유도하였다.보강이 없는 경우와 전면 접착형 록볼트와 숏크리트 라이닝으로 보강된 경우의 변화가 고려되었다. 본 연구에서 유도된 이론해는 수치해석을 통해 검증되었으며, 다양한 토피고와 지하수위 조건에 따른 지반반응곡선의 변화가 연구되었다. 이를 바탕으로 이론해의 적용한계가 제시되었다.