• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.677-688
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to investigate the school science high achievers' achievements in enrichment physics, logical thinking level, and to analyze the relationship between logical thinking level and the achievement in enrichment physics of high achievers in science. The subjects were 357th and 8th graders who achieved highly in school science. To assess their achievements in enrichment physics, we developed a new test consisting of descriptive problems which were based on middle school curriculum. Those problems require one or two steps of thinking process, not simple knowledge of science. To assess logical thinking level, we used the instrument called GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Thinking) developed by Roadranka et al. The results showed that the school science high achievers' average achievement in enrichment physics was low, 56.3 out of 150, which indicated that they had not done much of enrichment learning beyond middle school science curriculum. Just only 54% of the school science high achievers are in formal logical thinking level. From the analysis of relationship between their logical thinking level and the achievement in enrichment physics, the value of the correlation coefficient was 0.174, which means that they are not almost correlated. Therefore, it is not desirable to judge science gifted children just from achievement in school science or enrichment physics, so both(logical thinking and the achievement in enrichment physics) tests should be taken for selecting gifted student.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2022

Background: The effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest is being established, and serum lactate is well known as a biomarker of end-organ perfusion. We evaluated the efficacy of pre-ECMO lactate for predicting 6-month survival in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing ECMO. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 148 patients who underwent veno-arterial (VA) ECMO for ACS between January 2015 and June 2020. These patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors based on 6-month survival. All clinical data before and during ECMO were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Patients' mean age was 66.0±10.5 years, and 116 (78.4%) were men. The total survival rate was 45.9% (n=68). Cox regression analysis showed that the pre-ECMO lactate level was an independent predictor of 6-month mortality (hazard ratio, 1.210; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.064-1.376; p=0.004). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of pre-ECMO lactate was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.56-0.72; p=0.002; cut-off value=9.8 mmol/L). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate at 6 months was significantly higher among patients with a pre-ECMO lactate level of 9.8 mmol/L or less than among those with a level exceeding 9.8 mmol/L (57.3% vs. 31.8%, p=0.0008). Conclusion: A pre-ECMO lactate of 9.8 mmol/L or less may predict a favorable outcome at 6 months in ACS patients undergoing VA-ECMO. Further research aiming to improve the accuracy of predictions of reversibility in patients with high pre-ECMO lactate levels is essential.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.276-282
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• 2020

Background: Orbital fractures are the most common pediatric facial fractures. Treatment is conservative due to the anatomical differences that make children more resilient to severe displacement or orbital volume change than adults. Although rarely, extensive fractures may result in enophthalmos, causing cosmetic problems. We aimed to establish criteria for extensive fractures that may result in enophthalmos. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients aged 0-15 years diagnosed with orbital fractures in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2019. Computed tomography images were used to classify the fractures into linear, trapdoor, and open-door types, and to estimate the defect size. Data on enophthalmos severity (Hertel exophthalmometry results) and fracture pattern and size at the time of injury were obtained from patients who did not undergo surgery during the follow-up and were used to identify the surgical indications for pediatric orbital fractures. Results: A total of 305 pediatric patients with pure orbital fractures were included-257 males (84.3%), 48 females (15.7%); mean age, 12.01±2.99 years. The defect size (p=0.002) and fracture type (p=0.017) were identified as the variables affecting the enophthalmometric difference between the eyes of non-operated patients. In the linear regression analysis, the variable affecting the fracture size was open-door type fracture (p<0.001). Pearson's correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the enophthalmometric difference and the bony defect size (p=0.003). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a cutoff value of 1.81 ㎠ was obtained (sensitivity, 0.543; specificity, 0.724; p=0.002). Conclusion: The incidence of enophthalmos in pediatric pure orbital fractures was found to increase with fracture size, with an even higher incidence when open-door type fracture was a cofactor. In clinical settings, pediatric orbital fractures larger than 1.81 ㎠ may be considered as extensive fractures that can result in enophthalmos and consequent cosmetic problems.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.893-916
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• 2012

This research investigates gifted students' mothers' rearing stress based on the concept mapping method. For this, 12 gifted students' mothers solicited, gathered and analyzed related statements, and then did multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The stress value was .273 which was appropriate for the two level concept mapping study. In addition 101 mothers of gifted students rated for the rearing stresses they experience. Results were as follows. First, 79 concrete statements were solicited and as a result of concept mapping were categorized as 'burden and conflict as mothers of the gifted', 'possible negative characteristics due to the giftedness', and 'self-esteem and pressure by the title of the gifted'. Especially following items showed relatively high average: worrying about how to give the child a specific help for his/her career(M=4.65); worrying that she might be intervening too much in their child's behaviors(M=4.60); getting pressured supporting the child to get involved in the gifted education system continually(M=4.46); worrying if her child is not developing his/her talent enough due to the lack of time and money(M=4.44); being concerned that her high expectations might be putting her child under too much pressure (M=4.43). Implications of the study related to gifted education practices were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2024

Nerve conduction study (NCS) is an essential test for the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathy. NCS can objectively quantify peripheral nerve function. NCS is affected by physiological factors such as height, age, body mass index, etc. Hence, the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnosis Medicine (AANEM) is currently forming a Normal Data Task Force (NDTF) to present the normal value, but the number is significantly less. Currently, no research has been carried out on the correlation between nerve conduction speed and height and lower limb length in Koreans. Hence, this study sought to compare the nerve conduction velocity of the lower limbs according to the height and lower limb length. A total of 49 subjects were recruited. When the motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity were compared according to the height and leg length, there was a statistically significant negative correlation of the peroneal and left tibial motor nerves with the height. Also, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed with the superficial peroneal sensory nerve and the sural nerve and the leg length. However, in this study, all the subject are in twentys age, whereas the NDTF is divided by age. Hence, additional studies involving subjects of various age groups are needed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.244-251
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• 2023

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with cardiorespiratory failure. The serum albumin level is an important prognostic marker in critically ill patients. We evaluated the efficacy of using pre-ECMO serum albumin levels to predict 30-day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) who underwent venoarterial (VA) ECMO. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 114 adult patients who underwent VA-ECMO between March 2021 and September 2022. The patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors. Clinical data before and during ECMO were compared. Results: Patients' mean age was 67.8±13.6 years, and 36 (31.6%) were female. The proportion of survival to discharge was 48.6% (n=56). Cox regression analysis showed that the pre-ECMO albumin level independently predicted 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.59; p=0.002). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of albumin levels (pre-ECMO) was 0.73 (standard error [SE], 0.05; 95% CI, 0.63-0.81; p<0.001; cut-off value=3.4 g/dL). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with a pre-ECMO albumin level ≤3.4 g/dL than in those with a level >3.4 g/dL (68.9% vs. 23.8%, p<0.001). As the adjusted amount of albumin infused increased, the possibility of 30-day mortality also increased (coefficient=0.140; SE, 0.037; p<0.001). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia during ECMO was associated with higher mortality, even with higher amounts of albumin replacement, in patients with CS who underwent VA-ECMO. Further studies are needed to predict the timing of albumin replacement during ECMO.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

Objectives : As the prevalence of elderly depression increases, it becomes urgent problem to provide preventive and management measures. But in practice, it is difficult to detect depression in early stage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors and depression in elderly welfare facility users in a city. Methods : In this research, the severity of depression and sociodemographic factors(gender, age, education, co-morbid disease, housing type, number of children, number of family members living with the subjects) was evaluated through PHQ-9 and interview. Using the data, the associations of depression and sociodemographic factors were analyzed. Based on PHQ-9 depression cut-off value(10 points), the subjects were divided into two groups, and the difference of the variables between groups were analyzed statistically. Results : 'Own house'(YES/NO), education(less than elementary school graduation/more than elementary school graduation) were sociodemographic factors which showed significance difference in mean PHQ-9 scores. Group with Over PHQ-9 10 points showed less 'having their own house' and less education level than group with less PHQ-9 10 points. Conclusions : With this research, it is expected that the risk factors for the elderly depression can be understood and the measures for early detection and invention of elderly depression would be provided.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.1 s.43
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• pp.115-131
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• 2007

Philosophical and social backgrounds and inquiring into new direction of Practical Arts and Home Economics Education is done through this paper. The overall review of the related documents, records, books has been done, and research findings are presented as follows; Thought(Educational theory and Philosophy) for Korean Practical Arts Education is based on Learning to Labor, Practical Science and Pragmatism. Korean curriculum for Home Economics were originated in Confucianism background, which stressed the importance of different gender roles for men and women. However, Korean Home Economics based on Home Economics Subject Matter has been developed without philosophical base unlike that of American Pragmatism and Critical Theory. Therefore, scientific recognition in a section of value recognition was separated and developed so far. Thus, we could not answer to social missions about keeping values of life corresponding with changing environment I also observed the analysis of revision curriculum of the mentioned subject, and the changes of concepts of Work and Prasix, necessity of Home Economics Education for fixing about a basic life education and a basic life skill, and reinforcement of the function in Home. And then, new directions is proposed that the role of Home Economics Education in school be reinforced for the upcoming low birth rate and the aging society(high proportion of the aged people). Because Characters on correct values of children and youths might be nurtured in home foremost.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.635-645
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify elementary school teachers' perceptions, practices, and background factors related to introducing students' everyday experience in science teaching process. The participants of this study were four elementary school teachers who have different features such as major, teaching period, gender, growth area, and age. The data was collected through semi-constructed and in-depth interviews. The results of the research are as follows: Teachers mostly used students' everyday experience during the introduction phase of science lessons for the purpose of motivation. They hold a positive view of using students' everyday experience during science lessons and thought that science teaching needs to actively use more of students' everyday experience, while in actual practice they disregarded or only passively introduced students' everyday experience. The various background factors found to affect teachers' practice are as follows: positive memory on their science class; educational experience of their own children; their own childhood environment; their learning style; their insufficient knowledge or enthusiasm; perceived educational value of everyday life in science education; teacher's duties; importance of students' achievement; difficulty in guiding experiment; reaction of students on introducing everyday experience; characteristics of science textbook and teacher's guidebook; lack of lesson time; realization of national common basic education; characteristics of their students; demands from parents or students; effect of introducing everyday experience. In addition, we found that the teachers behave not in accordance with what they thought due to external factors related to their profession and that, for a more active use of students' everyday experience in their teaching, teachers need support from textbooks and teachers' guidebooks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.240-252
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• 2023

Purpose To assess the effect of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) for head CT in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods We collected 126 pediatric head CT images, which were reconstructed using filtered back projection, iterative reconstruction using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR)-V, and all three levels of DLIR (TrueFidelity; GE Healthcare). Each image set group was divided into four subgroups according to the patients' ages. Clinical and dose-related data were reviewed. Quantitative parameters, including the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and qualitative parameters, including noise, gray matter-white matter (GM-WM) differentiation, sharpness, artifact, acceptability, and unfamiliar texture change were evaluated and compared. Results The SNR and CNR of each level in each age group increased among strength levels of DLIR. High-level DLIR showed a significantly improved SNR and CNR (p < 0.05). Sequential reduction of noise, improvement of GM-WM differentiation, and improvement of sharpness was noted among strength levels of DLIR. Those of high-level DLIR showed a similar value as that with ASiR-V. Artifact and acceptability did not show a significant difference among the adapted levels of DLIR. Conclusion Adaptation of high-level DLIR for the pediatric head CT can significantly reduce image noise. Modification is needed while processing artifacts.