• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2001

목 적 : 정상 대조군보다 공황장애환자의 생리적 각성수준이 더 높고 생리적 유연성이 더 적을 것이다. 이러한 가정을 확인하기 위해 공황장애환자와 정상대조군사이의 정신생리반응의 차이를 알아보았다. 방 법 : 환자군은 DSM-Ⅳ의 공황장애 진단기준에 맞는 외래 및 입원 환자 10명(남성 9명, 여성 1명；연령 $47.5{\pm}14.3$세), 정상 대조군(남성 9명, 여성 1명 ; 연령 $47.3{\pm}10.1$세)은 전북의대 학생 및 전북대학교병원직원 10명으로 선정하였다. 심리적 평가항목으로서, 불안, 우울 수준은 상태특성불안척도, Beck 우울 척도, Hamilton 불안 및 우울 척도로 평가하였다. 생리적 평가항목으로서 자율신경계의 정신생리반응을 측정하였는데, 맥박, 호흡속도, 피부전도반응, 근전도 등은 J & J I-330모델을 이용하였다. 스트레스작업은 4가지로서 암산, 비디오게임, 과호흡, 스트레스사건 이야기작업을 이용하였다. 정신생리반응의 측정순서는 생리반응 측정전 약 15분간의 휴식후 각각 3분씩의 '기저기간-암산작업 기간-휴식기간(3분)-비디오게임 기간-휴식기간-과호흡 기간-휴식기간-트레스사건 이야기작업 기간'으로 하였다. 두 군사이의 스트레스작업에 따른 심리적, 생리적 평가 항목들의 차이를 통계 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 우울, 불안수준이 유의하게 더 높았다. 생리반응 중 피부전도반응(p=.017), 근전도(p=.047), 맥박(p=.049)의 기저치가 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 유의하게 더 높았다. 또한, 피부전도반응의 경우, 과호흡시 놀람반응이 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 유의하게 더 컸다(p=.001). 맥박의 경우, 암산작업시 놀람 및 회복반응이 대조군보다 환자군에서 유의하게 더 적었다(각각 p=.007, p=.002). 환자군내에서 피부전도반응의 경우, 암산(p=.0001) 및 비디오게임(p=.021) 작업시 놀람반응이 회복반응보다 유의하게 더 컸다. 또한 호흡반응의 경우, 환자군내에서 과호흡시(p=.035) 놀람반응보다 회복반응이 유의하게 더 컸다. 결 론 : 상기 결과로 미루어보아, 공황장애환자는 정상 대조군보다 기저기에서 대부분 자율신경계의 생리적 각성수준이 더 높았으나, 측정항목에 따라 생리적 유연성의 기복이 있었다. 따라서, 공황장애환자의 치료시 자율신경계의 각성수준을 감소시키고, 일부 스트레스에 대한 생리적 유연성 회복이 필요하다고 생각한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 1997

1993년 10월부터 1996년 9월말까지 충남대학교 병원의 소아 청소년 정신과에 내원하여 진료를 받은 환자 936명을 대상으로 하여, 미국 정신의학회 진단편람 제4판(DSM-Ⅳ)을 기초로 하여 유뇨증 및 공존 질환에 대한 평가를 하였으며, 유뇨증의 진단을 받았던 환자 46명 중 자가설문조사가 가능했던 14명을 대상으로, 국내외를 통해 신뢰도 및 타당도가 입증된, 한국판 피어스-해리스 소아 자기-개념 척도(Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale), RCMAS(Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale), 소아상태-특성 불안 척도(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children), 한국판 소아 우울척도(Children's Depression Inventory：CDI)를 사용하여, 유뇨증 환자의 정서상태에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 위에서 얻은 자료들을 토대로 한 분석을 통하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 유뇨증(enuresis) 환자의 공존질병(comorbidity) ：3년간 소아정신과 외래 환자 936명중 46명(4.9%)에서 유뇨증의 진단을 받았다. 46명의 환자중 유뇨증의 진단만을 받았던 환자는 16명이며, 30명(65.2%)의 환자가 공존질병을 지니고 있었다. 이들 중에는 주의력결핍 과잉행동 장애가 가장 많았으며, 정신지체가 두번째였고, 유분증이 세번째로 많았다. 다음 반항성장애, 우울증, 불안장애 순이었으며, 그외에 자폐증, 신체화장애, 틱장애, Tourette장애, 강박장애, 수면장애 등이 있었다. 정신과 이외의 질환으로서 사시(strabismus), 경련성질환, 선천성 심장 기형, 말더듬 등도 포함되었다. 또한 공존질병의 수를 보면, 유뇨증의 진단 및 다른 1개의 공존 질병을 진단받은 환자는 16명, 2개의 공존 질병을 지닌 환자는 11명, 3개 이상의 공존질병 환자도 3명에 달하였다. 둘째, 유뇨증 환자의 정서적 측면：자기개념(self-concept), 불안, 우울에 대한 자가 보고형 설문지를 사용하여 평가한 결과에서 유뇨증 환자군은 의미있는 결과를 얻진 못하였다. 이는 적은 수의 설문 대상군(N＝14)에 의한 자료 및 공존질병의 영향에 의한 결과라고 여겨지며, 앞으로 더 많은 대상군을 통하여 여러 변수(나이, 성별, 부모의 태도 및 교육정도, 치료 기간, 치료 효과) 등에 대한 비교연구가 요구되었다. 결론적으로, 유뇨증 환자에서 보인 다양한 공존질병의 존재, 특히 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(ADHD), 정신지체, 유분증 등의 다른 질환과의 연관성에 대한 결과들은 주목할 만한 것이었다. 이로써 유뇨증 환자에서 많은 공존질병이 존재한다는 점에 대해 새로운 인식을 갖게 되었고, 다른 문제들로 병원을 찾는 환자들 중에도 유뇨증을 지니고 있는 환자들이 많았다는 점에서, 임상상황에서 환자와의 면담시 좀더 주의를 기울이고, 더 많은 관심을 갖아야 한다는 것을 알게 하였다. 한편 정서적 측면(자기개념, 불안, 우울)에서는 각각의 자기개념, 불안, 우울에 연관성은 확연하였지만, 연구의 제한점 때문에 주목할 만한 결과를 얻진 못하였다. 앞으로 더 많은 대상군을 통하여 여러 변수(나이, 성별, 부모 태도 등)에 대한 비교연구가 이루어져야 하겠으며, 더 나아가 유전적 요인, 기질적 요인, 생물학적 요인 등과 정신병리와의 상관성을 규명하는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.32-45
• /
• 1995

This thesis is a study to develop the tentative objectives and present the professional and courses for the nursing college. The conclusions conducted by the purpose of this study are as follows. First, on the basis of the concepts of the nursing and the view-points of nursing education, the tentative goals for the nursing education are set up as follows. 1. To understand human being's life, dignity and their physical, mental, and social aspects. 2. To understand the basic concepts and the principles of human sciences, social sciences, natural sciences, and medical sciences. To apply their knowledges to nursing practices. 3. To diagnose and assess the problems of individual, family and community in terms of nursing practice. To develop the ability of planning, negotiation, management, and evaluation for the nursing education. 4. To develop appropriate knowlege, attitudes, and skills to promote the clients' health and treat their illness. 5. To accomplish all tasks effectively as a trained and qualified professional nurse through the endless studies. Second, the nursing areas and courses for the nursing college in terms of validity, Importance, continuity, relationship, utility and appropriateness are listed as follows. 1. Fundamental courses of the nursing. (1) General courses communication human development, behavior science, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology (2) Medical courses physiology, anatomy, pathology 2. Basic courses in nursing (1) General nursing fundamental nursing, introduction of nursing, nursing history, nursing process, health education, health assessment, philosophy of nursing, nursing psychology (2) Maternal-Child nursing child-health nursing, child-disease nursing, adolescent nursing, obstetric nursing, post-partum nursing, gyneco-pathy nursing (3) Adult nursing adult health nursing, adult disease nursing I(fluid & electrotonic, shock, anoxia disorder), adult disease nursing II(nutrition-excretion disorder, sexual dysfunction), adult disease nursing III(sense-, control-, activity-, sleep disorder), adult disease nursing IV(operation, rehabilitation, emergency), gerontological nursing (4) Psychiatric nursing child-adolescent psychiatric nursing, adult psychiatric nursing, gerontological psychiatric nursing, spiritual nursing (5) Community health nursing community nursing, school nursing, industrial nursing, family nursing, nursing epidemiology 3. Nursing management and research skills (1) Nursing management nursing administration, nursing ethics, laws related to nursing (2) Research skills nursing statistics, nursing research methodology Finally, the principles of the statement of the specific objectives are the followings : 1. To state the specific objectives on the basis of the syllabus of each courses. 2. To match a content with a verb or gerund as the basic form of objectives. 3. To control the level of the objectives according to the rule 'the higher the level of a content, the lower the level of a verb or a gerund'. This rule applies in the reverse, as well. 4. To decide the number of the objectives in each course on the basis of the numbers of the syllabus and the level of its comprehensiveness, 5. To correct, supplement or eliminate the stated objectives by a professional or professional groups in that area.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.301-313
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's $\alpha$.93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's $\alpha$.94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care($r=.744^{**}$), and postpartum mother care and newborn care($r=.798^{**}$). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1977

Personalized Patient centered nursing care is increasingly difficult to achieve despite the fact that it remains one of our consistent goals. So, we must find away to individualized nursing care. One means, to achieve this is by use of the nursing history form, which has been developed to help the nurse make maximum use of her limited time with the patient, by obtaining systematically the information needed to plan his nursing care. The nursing history form can be used to collect data about individual nursing needs but also it lends itself to the collection of epidemiological data relevant to the needs of patient population. So this study was undertaken in an attempt to describe the general characteristics of the population studied, to find out their perceptions and expectations related to their illness and hospitalization, to find out specific basic needs and to examine the relationship between the patients nursing needs and demographic characteristics through the responses to the nursing history questions. The study population defined and selected was all the patients (70) who were admitted to Yonsei University Hospital from October 1 - 15, 1975. The direct interview method was used and the data were categorized by the investigator, according to the nature of responses to each question and were subjected to the percentile and the chi- square tests. The findings can be summarized as follows 11. General characteristics of the study population ; The population was made up mainly of urban patients who were highly educated. The age was equally distributed. 2. Patients, perceptions and expectations related to illness and hospitalization ; 88.6% of the patients knew about the reason for hospitalization but 64. 5% could state symptoms only. 37.5% recognized the cause of illness. Approximately three fourth of the patients expressed on expectation for early recovery. 60.0% of the patient responses indicated, that they expected less than 10 days of hospitalization. Of the total responses regarding hospitalization, 45.7% were negative about the post -hospitalization expectation, 45.7% expected to return to work. As a result of these findings, we can see that there is a great educational need, a psychological need and environmental need for adaptation to the hospital and a socio- economic need for the post - hospitalization period. 3. Specific basic needs : The physical needs include the problem of getting sufficient sleep (50.0%), difficulty in food intake(47.1%), problems with hospital diet (47.0%), abnormal condition of the skin(44.3%), problems with bowel elimination(35.7%), assistance with bathing(35.7%), pain(30.0%), difficulty in walking(30.0%) , difficulty in seeing(30.0%) problems in urinary elimination(20.0%) , and difficulty in hearing(10.0%), 4. Nursing needs and epidemiological characteristics ; Age distribution was related to the rendition of the mouth but no significant differences were observed statistically with the patients responses to the other nursing history questions according to the epidemiological variables of age, sex, education and residence.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.17-36
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study is to present basic data for producing tools to measure Yangseng of the elderly aged older than 65 by reassessing the validity and reliability of such tools already developed. In the present study, total 855 subjects were divided into 4 groups and given 31 question for the ultimate factor analysis of each item. The results cloud be summarized as follows: 1. In case of 'don't have sex in drunken state or right after dinner'(the 31st item of sex live yangseng). factor loading came out proportionally in 3 factors such as factor 4=0.358, factor 5=0.389 and factor 6=0.386. As they all failed to reach the general standard of 0.5 or more and even the minimum standard of 0.4 or more, the 31st item was deleted from the questionnaires. 2. From the factor analysis after exclusion of the 31st item, factor loading of the 25th item of sleep yangseng 'go to bed and get up regularly' appeared to be proportional in 2 factor(factor 4=0.393 and factor 7=0.373). Since it was shown that the 25th item could not be classified into a category but interacted with others in common and didn't satisfy the minimum standard of 0.4, it was deleted form the questionnaires, too. 3. From the factor analysis conducted after excluding the item numbers 31 and 25, factor loading of the 12th item of diet yangseng 'do not eat much' turned out to be relatively high with such values as factor 5=0.518 and factor 3=0.453. As it was, however, tied up with the factor of exercise yangseng, it was also deleted. In conclusion, 28 items after excluding the item numbers 12, 25 and 31 form 4 group showed the same results as divided into 8 factor with high grade of reliability and validity, evidencing the assumption that they can be employed practically to measure yangseng of the elderly aged 65 and oder.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary attitude and health on the stress status of office - workers in Seoul. This research was conducted on 389 office workers (224 males and 165 female). In relation to stress, it was found that the degree of stress as an office workers was ′slight′ and much for 45.2% and 40.6%, respectively, of the study population. Consequently, most office workers were found to be under stress. The amount of food intake under stress was found to be ′reduced′, unchanged and increased in 38.3, 37.0 and 24.7%, respectively, of those surveyed. The preferred foods when under stress were found to be alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, in 57.6% of cases, which was the highest proportion regardless of age, sex, marital status, occupation and educational level. The desired taste when under stress was found to be ′hot′ and sweet in 34.7 and 26.0%, respectively. As to the feeling after food intake, 51.7% responded that food intake was not useful for the relief of stress, which was the highest proportion and many salaried females worried about weight gain. With regard to the relationship between stress, health and nutrition, 69.9% of office workers responded that they thought the relationship of these factors was very high. As for the greatest cause triggering stress, 50.3% responded "due to workplace and job". The best method for relieving stress was to do exercise, with a 30.1 % response, The average score for the degree of stress and tension was 7.2, with 64.0% of office workers having an average level between 6- and 9. The degree of stress was higher for females than males, for unmarried salaried and hot-tempered persons. Those not doing exercise were subject to the highest levels of stress, and those a having sufficient sleep were found to be subject to less stress. Those interested in their health were found to have a good condition and lower levels of stress. In correlation with eating habits, stress, the degree of tension and personality, the F-value was found to be 43.505 (p<0.01), with an explanatory power of 0.294 (29.4%), indicating significant differences. This means that office workers with higher degrees of stress and tension tended to have poorer eating habits. Since bad eating habits have an adverse effect on both the state of physical health and individuals emotional development, for the purpose of correctly managing stress, office workers should make efforts to practice good eating habits.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.675-685
• /
• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool, the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for screening Overweight Dietary Patterns in people in their 20's. We used the data from the 20 to 29 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys: the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 1998. The 1,493 adults were classified into two body fatness groups, that of normal (including the underweight) , and the overweight (including the obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW). When comparing general variables between the two groups, significant differences (11 variables) were found in gender, sadness/depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, presently a smoker, everyday smoking habits, number of alcoholic drinks in the past month, and the number of alcoholic drinks when dunk, as well as snacking frequency and fatty food consumption. There were significant differences between the two groups in the three variables of daily soup/kuk, pan fried fish/meat/poultry and cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid in terms of cooked food intake, and 11 variables of food size, cooked rice, stews, vegetables and kimchi at breakfast, panfried foods and beverage/teas at lunch, cooked rice and stews (liquid) at dinner, cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid at snacks and cooked fishpaste/ham/dried squid at snack between lunch and dinner. In terms of raw food intake, we observed significant differences (8 variables) in daily food intake and grains, grains/vegetables/fishes (shellfish) at breakfast, meat at lunch and milt at snack after dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis using 34 variables, including these 33, plus eating-out frequency, we chose 10 questions for the simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight category, in order to give each one point each. Among them we assigned an additional point to one question and two points to another question. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the questionnaire developed, were 5.97 $\pm$ 2.36 and 7.36 $\pm$ 2.21, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 49.3%,75.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The total score categorized as an overweight dietary pattern was 30.2%.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the ventilation rate of residential homes in Korea through tracer gas methods using indoor and outdoor concentrations of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and $CO_2$ generation rates from breathing. Methods: In this study, we calculated the number of occupants in a home by time through data on the average number of people per household from the Korean National Statistical Office and also measured the amount of $CO_2$ generation by breathing to estimate the indoor $CO_2$ generation rate. To estimate the ventilation rate, several factors such as the $CO_2$ generation rate and average volume of residential house provided by the Korean National Statistical Office, indoor $CO_2$ concentrations measured by sensors, and outdoor $CO_2$ concentrations provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration, were applied to a mass balance model for residential indoor environments. Results: The average number of people were 2.53 per household and Koreans spend 61.0% of their day at home. The $CO_2$ generation rate from breathing was $13.9{\pm}5.3L/h$ during sleep and $15.1{\pm}5.7L/h$ in a sedentary state. Indoor and outdoor $CO_2$ concentrations were 849 ppm and 407 ppm, respectively. The ventilation rate in Korean residential houses calculated by the mass balance model were $42.1m^3/h$ and 0.71 air change per hour. Conclusions: The estimated ventilation rate tended to increase with an increase in the number of occupants. Since sensor devices were used to collect data, sustainable data could be collected to estimate the ventilation rate of Korean residential homes, which enables further studies such as on changes in the ventilation rate by season resulting from the activities of occupants. The results of this study could be used as a basis for exposure and risk assessment modeling.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2007

Even now, 119 rescue services have dissatisfactory aspects in operation, system and equipments as discussed above, It is the most urgent subject to systemize rescue services so that they can be suitable for our status, for we will make 21C welfare state come true before long. So, this author suggest that the followings have to be raised to activate 119 rescue service. 1) Bring up experts and offer high-quality rescue service 2) Prepare more up-to-date equipments 3) Operate transfer joint organizations 4) Promote the ability to meet with a press at the time of rescue service activities 5) Adjust regulations related to rescue services 6) Make up for a countermeasure to traffic accidents of ambulances 7) Adjust regulations making it mandatory to establish heliport at the target on hospitals more than a defined scale 8) Install more rescue service teams 9) Educate and train officials belonging to briefing rooms, where the officials with long experiences are arranged 10) Minimize the time for rescue team to reach fields 11) Establish legal protection system for rescue the team Nowadays, our country operates the department of fire fighting and rescue services without great difficulty, even though the circumstances are bad - insufficient members and the inferior circumstances. All of the fire fighting officials are given heavy duties in bad circumstances, and so are the team of rescue service. The rescue service team, taking charge of some emergency medical system, do a fire fighting inspection as a non-duty service, though they are scanty of sleep due to prevention and protection services of the fire fighting service team. But, they can not engage in rescue services completely and have to deal with miscellaneous duties. So they can not offer professional emergency medical services. But now, almost every fire fighting organization, belonging to National Emergency Management Agency, are separating rescue services, which shows a lot of good results. People recognize rescue services to get better and better gradually and the demands for this rescue services increase. So, this is the best time when rescue service teams should offer qualitative services rather than quantitative services. The people will recognize this rescue service team to be an organization sacrificing and serving for them. However well institutes and operation systems should be established, the rescue service team can not come true their aim without strong wills that they will serve and sacrifice themselves for people from their hearts. In addition, it is essential for the officials in charge of policies about emergency medical services to have a concernment on and practice the policy without failure.