• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-219
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• 2014

Despite of continuous efforts to crack down on piracy using penalties and regulations, this unauthorized piracy market is still enormous. Since the moral hazard about this phenomenon is pervasive and continually upsets the major intellectual property markets, an alternative plan is required. The purpose of this study is to provide an objective insight for factors that affect people's digital video piracy behavior. The following two research propositions were the focus: what psychological factors affect piracy behavior and how are these factors related to one another? In order to accomplish the research aims, we reviewed literatures on the current state of piracy in South Korea, characteristics of digital contents, studies on criminal psychology and behavioral theories. Previous research in the fields of criminal theory indicated that neutralization, a form of rationalization, would help explain digital piracy intentions. Thus, this study developed a model that explains effects of neutralization techniques and tested the possibility of an integrated model with other behavioral theory such as TPB and TIB. Empirical results of the study(368 sample collected) showed that all the factors in TPB including Attitude to Piracy(+), Subjective Norm(-), Perceived Behavioral Control(+) had a significant impact on Piracy Intention. Moreover, two neutralization techniques, Condemn the Condemners(+) and Appeal to Higher Loyalties(+), had a significant effect on Piracy Intention. In addition, Past Behavior had strong impacts on Attitude(+), Perceived Behavioral Control(+) and Piracy Intention(+). In terms of Expected Profit, it had an impact on Attitude to Piracy positively. These findings suggest implications for protecting the current intellectual property markets, with many stakeholders in movies and media industries. There are some limitations as followed: first, the study did not consider other neutralization techniques, low level of deterrence and the other expected results despite the possibility of their effects. Second, the study needs improvements through longitudinal research because the cross-sectional research could not rule out the alternative explanations.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.55.2-56
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• 2021

The progenitor of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is mainly believed to be a close binary system of acarbon-oxygen white dwarf (CO WD) and non-degenerate companion (single degenerate) or another WD (double degenerate). However, it is unclear which system is more prevalent. Here, we present a high cadence optical/Near-IR light curve of normal but slightly faint type Ia SN 2019ein from IMSNG project. We fit the early light curve (t <+8.3 days from the first detection) with various models to find the shock-heated cooling emission from SN ejecta-companion interaction. No significant shock-heated cooling emission is found, from which we constrain the progenitor star size as the following. The upper limit (R_upper,*) of the companion size in R-band is ~0.2R_⊙ when forcing the first light time (t_fl) to have one value and ~0.9R_⊙ when using the mean value of tfl from the fitting in each band. Assuming the source of the I-band curve is almost powered from the radioactive decay, we obtained R_upper,*~1.2R_⊙. The early B-V color curve is in agreement with the model color curve of the 2M_⊙ main sequence companion. These results allow us to at least rule out large stars like red giants as a companion star of the binary progenitor system of this supernova. B-R and V-R color do not show any significant signs of a red bump, which shows a thin helium shell (MHe<0.1M_⊙) for the sub-Mch WD (double detonation model). In addition, we estimated the distance to NGC 5353 as 37.098±0.028Mpc.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.711-724
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• 2000

I reached following conclusion through a bibliographic study about the drug dependence. 1. The drug dependence is the case that taking drugs continually in order to get around discomfort and get mental drug efficacy. that is also the state of poisoning that shows compulsions that using all means to get drugs. the drug dependence is coincident with alcolism in Oriental Medicine. 2 Medicinal matters that causes the drug dependence consist of two field. one is licit drugs, including a tranquilizer, a sleeping pill, anti-anxiety drug, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, etc. the other is illict drugs, including opium products, psychostimulant, a hallucinogen, aromatic agent(adhesives, LSD, etc.) 3. Drugs that causes dependences has the habit which causing mental dependences and the medicinal poisining which causing physical dependences. 4. A syndrome of abstain from the drug which rides on all kinds of drugs is analogous to depressive psychosis, epilepsy, insanity, depressive syndromes, disorder of internal organs, histery, dizziness, etc. 5. The drug dependence causes visceral dysfunction, that is chiefly inflammatory lesion of brain, heart lung etc. (inflammatory lesions os mainly due to infect.) and injuries liver which removes toxic agents and kidney which is an excretory organ. 6. The treatment of the drug dependence, which needs at first check the medical record and the syndrome, is consist of the expectant treatment and isolating treatment as a rule and sometimes mental therapeutics is going on at the same time. 7. The oriental medical cure of the drug dependence needs more concrete study.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

An overall responding security-centered framework is necessary required for infringement accidents, failures, and cyber threats. On the other hand, the correspondence structures of existing administrative, technical, physical security have weakness in a system responding to complex attacks because each step is performed independently. This study will recognize all internal and external users as a potentially threatening element. To perform connectivity analysis regarding an action, an intelligent convergence security framework and road map is suggested. A suggested convergence security framework was constructed to be independent of an automatic framework, such as the conventional single solution for the priority defense system of APT of the latest attack type, which makes continuous reputational attacks to achieve its goals. This study suggested the next generation convergence security framework to have preemptive responses, possibly against an APT attack, consisting of the following five hierarchical layers: domain security, domain connection, action visibility, action control, and convergence correspondence. In the domain, the connection layer suggests a security instruction and direction in the domains of administrative, physical and technical security. The domain security layer has consistency of status information among the security domain. A visibility layer of an intelligent attack action consists of data gathering, comparison and decision cycle. The action control layer is a layer that controls the visibility action. Finally, the convergence corresponding layer suggests a corresponding system of before and after an APT attack. The administrative security domain had a security design based on organization, rule, process, and paper information. The physical security domain is designed to separate into a control layer and facility according to the threats of the control impossible and control possible. Each domain action executes visible and control steps, and is designed to have flexibility regarding security environmental changes. In this study, the framework to address an APT attack and load map will be used as an infrastructure corresponding to the next generation security.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-35
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• 2013

Objectives : Proposed a formula analysis standard about the individual formula which is to be put in the specific discussions in order to increase the effect of formula education at the college of Korean medicine. Methods : Examined the ingredient combination analysis written in Agastache Powder to Rectify the Ki which was put in the 27kinds of formula science book published in both Korea and China. Results : Must analyze the formula according to the existing formula. The combination of the ingredients should be analyzed into herb pairs such as seven different combinations. The effect and disease for which medicine is efficacious, should be analyzed and tabulated by Agastache Powder to Rectify the Ki. The formula should be anlayzed and schematized by the sytem of Chief, Deputy, Assistant and Envoy. The basic formula should be analyzed and schematized by the combination of formula, adding and removing the ingredients. Analyzing Agastache Powder to Rectify the Ki into the system of Chief, Deputy, Assistant and Envoy shows the following: chief herb is Agastaches Herba; deputy herb is Perillae Folium and Angelicae dahuricae Radix; assistant herb is Pinelliae Rhizoma preparatum, Magnoliae officinalis Cortex, Citri reticulatae Pericarpium, Arecae Pericarpium, Platycodi Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, and envoy herb is Glycyrrhizae Radix preparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma recens, Jujubae Fructus. Conclusions : In conclusion, it is believed that the formula education at colleges of Korean medicine would be effectively achieved if it is processed according to the standardized formula analysis and its rule about individual formula that is to be decided.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1325-1344
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• 2019

Recently, to satisfy mobile users' increasing data transmission requirement, energy efficiency (EE) resource allocation in distributed antenna systems (DASs) has become a hot topic. In this paper, we aim to maximize EE in DASs subject to constraints of the minimum data rate requirement and the maximum transmission power of distributed antenna units (DAUs) with different density distributions. Virtual cell is defined as DAUs selected by the same user equipment (UE) and the size of virtual cells is dependent on the number of subcarriers and the transmission power. Specifically, the selection rule of DAUs is depended on different scenarios. We develop two scenarios based on the density of DAUs, namely, the sparse scenario and the dense scenario. In the sparse scenario, each DAU can only be selected by one UE to avoid co-channel interference. In order to make the original non-convex optimization problem tractable, we transform it into an equivalent fractional programming and solve by the following two sub-problems: optimal subcarrier allocation to find suitable DAUs; optimal power allocation for each subcarrier. Moreover, in the dense scenario, we consider UEs could access the same channel and generate co-channel interference. The optimization problem could be transformed into a convex form based on interference upper bound and fractional programming. In addition, an energy-efficient DAU selection scheme based on the large scale fading is developed to maximize EE. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for both sparse and dense scenarios.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.74-90
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• 1999

There are many chapters in "The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classics(黃帝內經)" regarding systemizing months, seasons, meridians, the internal organs(藏府), and parts of body, However it is very confusing because in every chapter, they have different standards. In "Maek'ae(脈解)" of "Plain Questions(素問)", months are related to three $\breve{U}$m and three Yang(三陰三陽). In "Kuoh'imnon(九鍼論)" of "Miraculous Pivot(靈樞)", parts of body are related to seasons and days. In "$\breve{U}$myanggyeirwol(陰陽繫日月)" of "Miraculous Pivot(靈樞)", 12 meridians are related to the Heavenly Streams & Earthly Branches(干支). In "Chinyogy$\breve{o}$ngjongnon(診要經終論)" of "Plain Questions(素問)", the internal organs(藏府) and the head are related to months. In "K$\breve{u}$mgwejin$\breve{o}$llon(金匱眞言論)" of "Plain Questions(素問)", parts of body are related to four seasons. Following statements can be concluded when analyzed with the theory of y$\breve{o}$k(易). 1. Both in "The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classics(黃帝內經)" and "Chuyok(周易)", $\breve{U}$m and Yang are thought as the basis of everything and every change that occur in this universe is by the fluctuation of Yin and Yang. This rule is also applied to our body. 2. "Maek'ae(脈解)" of "Plain Questions(素問)" is related to the theory of twelve principal divinatory symbols and "Kuoh'imnon(九鍼論)" of "Miraculous Pivot(靈樞)" is closely related to the theory of eight divinatory saymbols-direction.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.69-95
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• 2005

Eunsa Memorial Science Museum is a political space to justify ruling colony. Japanese imperialism made use of science museum in ruling colony under the cloak of propagating science thoughts. The science museums made it natural to rule the inferior Joseon(Korea) by bring the concept of 'Great Science Empire' into relief. The exhibition, lecture, experiment and science movies propagated those colonial ruling ideology. This transplantation of the colonial science museumraised the following problems. First, the science museum was used as means for the propagation of political power. All the aspects of the architecture, exhibition, and operation of the colonial science museum propagated and supported the direction of political authority, and furthermore planted a rosy phantasm of 'Development' and 'Progression' into the colony. Second, The science technology of science museum was treated as 'Result' and 'Instrument'. Japanese imperialism denied that the science is a historical and cultural staple product; it instilled only the 'Instrumental Rationality' in the colony. Third, the science technology dealt in the colonial science museum was below the level. What they educated and set forth as domestic science was to cultivate the laborers people for the political power by internalizing modernistic discipline.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.461-479
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• 1997

The concept map is the diagram of two dimensions which hierachically arrays main concepts from those of the textbook and shows their relations. The research analyzed five of the ten high school earthscience textbooks approved by the Minister of Education according to the 6th reformed curriculum in 1995, one of which this research chose to make out the concept maps. The chapter [III. the Universe] contains the outer space of the earth presents new concepts about the stars and the universe and introduces the latest research in astronomy. This study changed textbook contents into Novak's concept map, searched for concepts requiring complement for learners in oder to obtain concepts from those of the textbook and pointed out problems on the basis of that result still better concept map is set up. We have the following conclusions. First, it is necessary to rule out unnecessary small units so as to make more effective understanding and to rearrange the units to have relation to contents. Second, the higher concept and lower concept need to be rearranged systematically in making an array of textbook contents. Third, the concept should have something to do with learners' experences and consciousness by showing learners the real examples relevant to the concept for the link between them.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.706-718
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• 2014

Ideology which symbolizes the belief system about the order of human society represents itself in a concrete form through dress which reflects material and conceptual world. In the early 1960s Korea, where a civil revolution and a military coup took place, good examples of dress representing ideology could be found. This study investigates the dress representing ideology of the period, and examines its manifestation and aspect of transition. Literature survey and case study were conducted. The following results were obtained: First, dress representing ideology was symbolically verifying its differences and was changing with the course of time. There were the flow going down from the government, and the flow going up from the movement of the civilian. Through this process, design elements of ideological dress were combined in a dialectic way to form a new representational dress such as Jaegunbok. Second, costly and luxurious clothes meant a tool to rule over people, and the opposition was uniform meaning equality. In 1960 Korea, black waves of school uniforms appeared to lead the social change. A year later, the military government seized power in a 5.16 coup and it enforced uniform upon every people to achieve equal austerity and modernized spirit. Lastly, cotton, which was originated from Gandhi's movement in India, was symbolizing nationalism till the early 1960s in Korea meaning the funding own development with own resources.