• 동양고전연구
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• 제36호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2009

"논어(論語)"의 핵심사상은 '인(仁)'이다. 그렇다면, '인(仁)'을 어떻게 해석(解釋)해야 하는가? 본 논문은 유학의 대강령(大綱領)인 수기치인(修己治人)과 유학(儒學)의 이상(理想)이라는 관점을 통해 인(仁)을 해석(解釋)하였다. 먼저 수양(修養)의 관점에서 인(仁)을 살펴보았다. 인(仁)은 인간으로서의 자격요건을 갖추는 가장 근본적인 것이다. 즉, 인간으로서 살아가기 위해서는 반드시 인(仁)이 필요하다. 인간으로 살아가기 위해 반드시 필요한 인(仁)은 노력에 의해 획득하는 것이 아니라 내가 이미 가지고 있는 것을 잘 드러내기만 하면 된다. 우리가 수양(修養)을 하는 것은 이 근본이 되는 인(仁)을 잘 드러내기 위해서이다. 관계맺음에서도 인(仁)은 필요하다. 인간은 혼자 살아갈 수 있는 존재가 아니라 항상 다른 사람과 관계를 맺어야 한다. 이 관계맺음이 올바른 관계맺음이 되기 위해서는 나와 다른 사람의 입장이 동일하다는 것을 고려해야 한다. 즉, 나와 다른 사람이 가장 적합한 상태일 때 올바른 관계맺음이 성립하는 것이다. 이 가장 적합한 상태가 인(仁)인 것이다. 유학(儒學)의 이상(理想)은 모든 사람이 편안함을 누리는 사회이다. 이러한 사회가 이룩되기 위해서는 개인과 사회 모두가 인(仁)해야 한다. 즉, 수기(修己)의 측면과 치인(治人)의 측면 모두에서 인(仁)을 얻어야 한다. 어느 한쪽에서 인(仁)을 얻지 못하다면 유학(儒學)의 이상(理想)을 완전히 실현했다고 보기 어렵다. 그러나, 치인(治人)은 반드시 수기(修己)를 바탕으로 해야 된다. 공자(孔子)가 수기이경(修己以敬)${\rightarrow}$수기이안인(修己以安人)${\rightarrow}$수기이안백성(修己以安百姓)라는 3단계를 제시하지만 3단계 모두에 수기(修己)가 들어있는 것도 이러한 이유 때문이다. 공자(孔子)가 희망했던 사회는 현대에도 유효하다. 따라서 공자(孔子)가 제시한 인(仁)은 현대에도 필요하다. 인(仁)을 고정된 의미로 해석(解釋)하지 않는다면 인(仁)은 그 시대와 상황에 맞게 새롭게 해석(解釋)되어 바람직한 인간사회를 이루는 바탕이 될 것이다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2013

Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities, with an estimated frequency among female live births of 1/2,000-3,000. The syndrome is characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome (45,X karyotype). We reported a unique case of a 40-year-old woman with TS accompanying unexpected elongated styloid process specific to Eagle syndrome (ES) and followed up-prolactinoma. The present article is the first report to define the cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) features of TS accompanying ES. Patients with TS carry various risks that make treatment more complicated; thus advanced imaging techniques for proper treatment and follow-up are extremely important. In the light of CBCT examination, craniofacial abnormalities specific to TS and accompanying syndromes such as the crowding of teeth especially in the maxillary anterior region caused by maxillary narrowness, micrognatic maxilla and mandible, relative mandibular retrusion, malocclusion, open-bite, and an elongated styloid process (length of 32.7 mm) on the right side were illustrated in detail.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1999

The nuclear transplantation technique is known as the most potential and efficient method for producing large numbers of genetically identical animals from a single embryo and somatic cells. After Dolly was introduced in 1997, many scientists were amazed. A possibility came to a reality that live offspring could be produced with differentiated somatic cells from an adult animal. On the other side, many in the press and the sensationalists focused on the socially, ethically and scientifically unacceptable sides of the technology. In this article, the history, current status and prospects of the technological development of nuclear transplantation in mammals and its application to the production of cloned animals are described. For the efficient and successful production of cloned embryos by nuclear transplantation, the right selection, preactivation and micromanipulation of oocytes as capacious recipient cytoplasm, the adequate and benefitial preparation of multiple totipotent embryonic and somatic cells as donor nuclei, fusion of them and in vitro production of cloned embryos are very critical. Recently the overall efficiency of production of cloned embryos and offspring in livestock has been much improved. Cloning will also be a more efficient, faster and useful way of creating transgenic fetuses for gene therapies, gene pharming, organs for xenotransplantation by preselection and mass production of transgenic embryos and consequently improving the production efficiency in transgenic animals. Further technical development of nuclear transplantation will enable large-scale production of cloned livestock and in near future the commercial cloning of animals will become a reality.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2009

Two poorly known and often confused pleurostomatid ciliates, Litonotus paracygnus Song, 1994 and L. pictus Gruber, 1884, were collected from the coastal waters of Yeonggeumjeong and Bongpo-port, Gangwondo in the East Sea and from the Iwon tide embankment near Ganwol-do, Chungcheongnam-do in the Yellow Sea, Korea. These species were described based on live observations, the protargol-impregnation and morphometrics of the species. Also provided are their diagnoses. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences of these species were compared with previously known sequences of related species. The diagnostics of the two Litonotus species are as follows. L. paracygnus: 150-300 $\mu$m long in vivo, strongly contractile neck region, two ellipsoid macronuclei (Ma) and one micronucleus (Mi), 7 left (LSK) and 11-14 right somatic kineties (RSK), 2-4 contractile vacuoles (CV) located on the posterior end, extrusemes (Ex) distributed on the anterior region of the ventral margin only. L. pictus: about 200-600 $\mu$m long in vivo, extremely contractile, beautiful body color with rows of yellow to yellow-brownish cortical pigment granules, 12-21 Ma arranged in moniliform pattern, infrequently vermiform, 7-11 LSK and 18-26 RSK, several CV located on both margins, Ex distributed on the anterior region of the ventral margin only. In this study, this genus was firstly recorded in Korea.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제72호
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• pp.9-34
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• 2018

본고는 기묘사림의 대표적인 인물 한충(韓忠)의 삶과 시를 살펴보는데 목적을 두었다. 한충을 연구의 대상으로 삼은 이유는 한충이 뛰어난 사림파 인물임에도 아직까지 연구가 되지 않았기 때문이다. 2장에서는 한충의 생애와 교유를 살펴보았다. 한충의 생애에서 주목되는 것은 그가 문과 장원에서부터 호당(湖堂)을 거쳐 종계변무사의 서장관으로 가는 등 뛰어난 문재를 인정받았다는 것이다. 한충이 종계변무사로 중국에 갔을 때 항소(抗訴)하여 중국 각로(閣老)들에게 인정을 받은 사실은 한충의 이문화국(以文華國)의 문재를 방증하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 한충의 생애에서 또 하나 주목해야 할 것은 강직한 성품이다. 한충은 훈구파의 핵심인물인 남곤을 간사한 인물로 규정하고 그에게 동조하지 않는 삶을 살았다. 이러한 강직함으로 인해 한충은 신사무옥에 연루되어 남곤에 의해 죽음을 맞이하였다. 한충의 교유는 대부분 기묘사림들과 친밀한 관계를 맺고 있었다. 특히, 조광조(趙光祖), 김정(金淨)과는 한 이불을 덮고 자거나 침식(寢食)을 잊고 학문을 토론하는 절친한 사이였다. 3장에서는 한충의 시를 검토하였다. 한충의 시는 크게 세 가지 주제로 나눌 수 있다. 첫째, 관료로서 애민의식을 드러내는 것이다. 한충은 어려서부터 집안의 곡식을 궁한 친척이나 마을 사람들에게 나눠주었는데, 이러한 어진 성품이 관료생활과 맞물려 애민의식으로 나타난 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 절조의 삶에 대한 지향이다. 한충은 강직한 성품을 바탕으로 훈구파가 지배하는 현실 속에서 절조를 지키며 살고자 하였다. 이러한 정신지향은 대나무, 소나무, 잣나무의 의상을 통해서 시화(詩化)되고 있었다. 셋째, 현실비판이다. 한충의 시에서는 쓸쓸함의 정서 속에 현실을 우회적으로 비판하는 내용들이 포착된다. 이는 그 기저에 훈구파가 지배하는 부정(不正)한 현실이 자리잡고 있다는 점에서 한충의 현실비판을 읽을 수 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-73
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• 2024

This study investigated how birth weight differences in piglets affected carcass and muscle fiber properties as well as meat quality at slaughter. Within litters, piglets were grouped according to their birth weight as either normal (NBW; 1.62-1.73 kg) or low (LBW; 1.18-1.29 kg). At 5 weeks of age, NBW piglets were randomly transitioned to control (C) or isocaloric high fat diets derived from non-dairy (HF), while LBW piglets were randomly transitioned to high fat diets derived from non-dairy (HF) or dairy sources (HFHD). Piglets were reared in individual pens under standardized housing and feeding conditions. Live weight was recorded weekly, and pigs were slaughtered at 12 weeks of age. Hot carcass weights, dressing percentages, lean meat yield, and primal cut proportions were determined. The m. longissimus thoracis was collected from the right side of the carcass for measurement of physical and chemical properties of meat and muscle fiber characteristics. Results indicated that LBW pigs compensated for their live weight compared to NBW pigs at 6 weeks of age. The mean muscle fiber diameter of LBW-HFHD group is significantly higher than NBW-C and NBW-HF group, and the type I muscle fiber diameter is significantly higher than NBW-C group. Dairy fat inclusion in LBW pig diet reduced carcass back fat thickness. This increased the calculated lean meat yield to be comparable to that of NBW pigs fed a commercial diet. Incorporating dairy-sourced high-fat into LBW pigs' diets appears to be an effective strategy for producing carcasses equivalent to NBW pigs.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.939-967
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 근거 이론적 접근을 통하여 농촌지역에 살고 있는 여성 노인의 사별적응을 살펴보고 확인하여 그에 대한 실체이론을 개발하고자 하였다. 연구의 참여자는 농촌노인의 배우자를 사별한 여성으로 배우자 상실 후 단독거주자로서 홀로 살고 있으며 배우자를 사별한지 12개월 미만이 되는 14명이었다. 수집기간은 2010년 1월부터 8개월간의 기간이 소요되었고, 인터뷰는 1회기 당 40분-90분까지 소요되었으며 현장메모를 동시에 기록하였고 녹음된 내용은 본 연구자가 직접 필사하였다. 연구 자료는 심층면담과 참여관찰 및 참여자를 돌보는 지역사회 담당간호사의 도움을 받아 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 Strauss & Corbin(1998)의 근거이론방법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 개방코딩 과정에서 80개의 개념과 28개의 하위범주, 12개의 범주가 도출되었으며, 배우자 사별 적응과정은 '울타리가 무너져 내림'의 인과적 조건과 '살아생전부부의 금실정도', '살아생전 부부의 주도권'의 맥락적 조건에 영향을 받아 나타나는 '홀로 여생을 감당해 나감'의 중심현상에 대한 '지원체계', '건강상태가 달라짐', '경제상황 정도'의 중재적 조건에 영향을 받으면서 '상황 끌어안기', '생활의 변화를 시도함'의 전략을 사용하여 '홀로 살아갈 길을 찾음'의 과정인 것으로 나타났다. 시간의 흐름에 따른 적응과정은 충격과 감정분출 단계, 그리움과 원망단계, 체념과 수용단계, 삶의 재구성단계의 4단계로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 농촌여성의 배우자를 사별하고 살아가야하는 참여자들이 여러 맥락요인들의 영향을 조절하면서 중재전략을 적정하게 사용하여 삶에 적응할 수 있도록 하는 '홀로 살아갈 길을 찾음'의 과정 및 유형에 노인복지 중재의 방향을 제시하고 실질적인 실천적 복지중재를 개발하고 적응하는데 기초 자료를 제공하였다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.413-417
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• 2004

The important goal of urban renewal is not to reform only Physical environment but to improve people' life quality. people who have been lived in urban renewal area are grouped to owner and tenant. owner of land or house has substituent right but tenant has only house-moving money or rental house by urban renewal. But rental house condition is not good to tenant because tenant has large family, low-income and low grade and it is essential to provide rental house for low-income class and it is worth to analyze tenant house problem The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of public rental house and to presents solutions. The study was done in following process. First, the literatures on this subject were investigated to seek the problems of public rental house. Second, Survey were done on the staff, who works in the cooperative housing redevelopment and whose jobs are officer, consultant, real estate introducer and designer, to seek problems and solution of public rntal house. survey which is made by three group. one group is made by people who already lived in tenant APT, second group is made by people who are waiting for moving in tenant APT. Third group is made by specialist who has many experience-more than 3years- to urban renewal. Third, the Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the relation between the Area and dwelling satisfaction. Fourth, tenant policy' altenative is presented to solve tenant APT' problem which is analyzed by this study The results are as follows : First, tenant APT' size Which is regulated to 30-$45m^{2}$ is enlarged to more than $45m^{2}$ because tenant family is made up averagely of 4.8 persons. Second, tenant APT' rental cost is reduced to 100 thousand won. Third tenant APT' arrangement is divided from owner because tenant and owner want to live in group by group. Fourth, tenant house type is changed to various house type because tenant is not familiar with APT

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest the policy and scope of the concept of sports welfare and to present a systematic model enhancing sport welfare of the society. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to induce idea for welfare policy and conceptual sport welfare model, this study reviewed a literature discussing the functions and mechanism of sport in enhancing a sense of life quality and thus rebuilding welfare of community. Results: The study suggests these. First, sports welfare ensures the rights of sports of all citizens and has the main purpose of providing social services, creating environments against inequality, improving the quality of life and happiness for everyone to enjoy, and the range should be continued from the right to live, environments against inequality, to the improvement of life and happiness. Second, since the integrated perspective was first suggested, sports integration development will be researched as well as the direction of the development of policies of the integrated model. Basic research of indicator development will need to be proceeded to execute and evaluate the integrated model. Third, the improvement of treatment of sports welfare instructors is urgent. Namely, compared to sports-related budget and the enhancement of facilities, the poor environment of sports welfare instructors needs to be improved. Instead of only testing physical fitness and prescription, the business needs to be continued by connecting to the participants' continuous participation in sports. Conclusions: Whether sports welfare succeeds depends on the need for an active beneficiary, identification of demand, a beneficiary that can discover potential to join offline and online into one, the establishment of sports policies to promote competency development, and a direct progression is needed.

• 수완나부미
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-80
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• 2020

Students of global development are often introduced to Southeast Asia by reading many of the influential authors whose ideas were derived from their experiences in the region. John Furnivall, Clifford Geertz, Benedict Anderson and James Scott have made Southeast Asia relevant to comprehending developments far beyond the region. It might even be added that others come to the region because it has also been the home to many key historical events and seminal social developments. However, when many of the best-known writings (and textbooks) of global history are examined, treatment of Southeast Asia is often scarce and in the worst cases non-existent. It is within this context that this paper will examine Southeast Asia's role in the interpretation of global history. The paper will consider the 'global history' as a historical production in order to depict the ways in which the construction of global narratives can be a reflection of the immediate needs of historians. Furthermore, the discussion will be historiographic, exhibiting the manner in which key global histories portrayed the significance of the region. Particular importance will be placed on the ways in which the region is used to present larger historical trajectories. Additionally, the paper will consider instances when Southeast Asia is either profoundly underrepresented in global narratives or misrepresented by global historians. Last, since the discussion will probe the nature of 'global history', it will also consider what the subject might look like from a Southeast Asian point of view. The paper will end by exploring the ways in which the region's history might be augmented to become visible to those who live outside or have little knowledge about it. Visual augmented reality offers great potential in many areas of education, training and heritage preservation. To draw upon augmented reality as a basic metaphor for enquiry (and methodology) means asking a different kind of question: how can a region be "augmented" to become (at least in this case) more prominent. That is, how can the region's nations, histories and cultures become augmented so that they can become the center of historical global narratives in their own right. Or, to put this in more familiar terms, how can the "autonomous voices" associated with the region make themselves heard?