• 제목/요약/키워드: the right[proper] function

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기능성게임 제작을 통한 기획접근 프로세스 사례 (A Case Study of a Planning Process through Developing Serious Games)

  • 은광하
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.197-204
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문은 기능성 소재 게임 제작을 통해서 기능성 게임 기획 접근에 대한 프로세스 사례를 연구한 기획 교육실습에 관한 내용이다. 주요 연구 내용은 순기능 소재의 게임 제작을 통해서 게임 직무의 중요한 부분 중에 하나인 기획에 대한 교육실습 과정을 '기능성 게임기획 프레임워크'로 구성하였으며 실제 기능성 게임 제작을 통해서 제안된 프레임워크의 내용을 검증해 보았다. 본 논문의 목적은 순기능이란 목적을 지닌 기능성 게임기획에 대한 접근 과정은 일반적인 접근 프로세스와 달리 단계별 정량적인 접근 기준이 필요하다는 전제 하에 기획 접근 프로세스를 단계별로 제시하는 것이다. 이는 향후, 기능성 게임 교육의 참고 자료로서 활용될 수 있다.

디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구 (Essay on Form and Function Design)

  • 이재국
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.63-97
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    • 1989
  • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

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Digital Shade Analysis System을 이용한 전치부의 색조 특성에 관한 연구 (SHADE ANALYSIS OF ANTERIOR TEETH USING DIGITAL SHADE ANALYSIS SYSTEM)

  • 김희은;조인호;임주환;임헌송
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.565-581
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    • 2003
  • Statement of problem : A scientific examination and understanding of overall aspects of the natural dentition is the first step involved in making a satisfactory selection in the shade of an aesthetic prosthesis. Proper natural shade selection of the prosthetic restoration that is in harmony with the remaining dentition is as important aesthetically, as harmony of form and function in the anterior dentition. Clinically, the most commonly applied method of shade selection has been visual, but because of the subjective nature inherent to this method, shade selection results are variable and can be influenced by such factors as the technician, the type of shade guide used, and the type and intensity of the lighting. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a more objective and scientific approach to examining and understanding the shade of teeth, which has in turn lead to the development of a number of shade analysis devices that present a more objective method of shade analysis. Material and Method : In this study, the shades of healthy anterior teeth were examined and analyzed using the recently developed digital shade analysis of the $ShadeScan^{TM}$ System. The study examined 80 individuals in their twenties, 40 males and 40 females, presenting 6 healthy, unrestored maxillary anterior teeth. Tooth brushing and oral prophylaxis were performed prior to evaluation. The ShadeScan handpiece was used to acquire images of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth. These images were analyzed using the Vita/Classical mode of the $ShadeScan^{TM}$ Software, and shade maps of each tooth were acquired and divided into cervical, middle, and incisal thirds. The shade distribution of each third, left and right symmetry, and gender differences were investigated and analyzed. Results : The results of the study are as follows : 1. An overwhelming majority of the examined teeth were found to possess shades belong to Group A, with the greatest variations occurring at the middle and cervical thirds of the maxillary central and lateral incisors, in both male and female subjects. 2. Canines of both male and female subjects showed left and right symmetry with uniform shade distribution of A4 and C4, while the lateral and central incisors showed left-right symmetry of the incisal 1/3 with a uniform shade distribution of A2 and A3 shades 3. No significant differences in shade distribution were seen between genders in maxillary canines, whereas maxillary central and lateral incisors showed differences at the middle and cervical thirds between male and female subjects The results of this study show that with the exception of maxillary canines, maxillary anterior teeth display a diverse shade distribution as well as gender differences. Conclusion : Clinically, when making a shade selection using the existing shade guide, one must consider the fact that even a single tooth consists of a variety of shades. The results of this study show that when selecting a shade from a number of groups is difficult, shades from A group are the most consistent with the natural shade or maxillary anterior teeth.

노인주간보호시설의 프로그램운영과 공간구성관계연구 - 경기도 노인주간보호시설을 중심으로 - (Study on service and Use the Actual conditions of Day care Center for the elderly - with A Focus on Adult Day Care Facilities -)

  • 김용웅;박경진
    • 대한안전경영과학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2013
  • As the country's elderly people who are 65 years or older recently exceeded 10% of the total population with development of medical technology and improvement of living standards, Korea has turned into an aging society. Especially in Gyeonggi-do, as of late December 2012, elderly people who were 65 years or older were 1,135,242 persons, taking up 18.98% of the region's population and registering the largest number of elderly people in the nation's cities or provinces. Due to such a sharp rise in elderly population, support for the elderly is increasing the burden on families and communities. The study aims to take as its subjects elderly people staying at authorized elderly welfare facilities, who are weak in mind and body and have difficulty in daily life with disabilities, or adult day care facilities that take care of elderly people during the day or at night, examine the concept of adult day care facilities and instances in foreign countries, and study the status of the adult day care facilities located in Gyeonggi-do, their services, and safety by figuring out space arrangement based on program implementation. Spacial arrangement in program operation should satisfy fuction and purpose from the manager and user's perspective, and a desirable program operation should provide separate spaces for the elderly with Alzheimer's and those without Alzheimer's. Compared to residential care facilities, adult day care facilities incur less financial burden and, compared to other authorized services, have many right functions that can upgrade the quality of users and satisfy their desires. Major countries like Japan, the UK, and Sweden recognize the right functions of day and night care services and aggressively support and utilize adult day care facilities. For adult day care facilities, quality services should be developed and use and choices should be enhanced as regards services. Development of special programs for the elderly with dementia and stroke, instead of simple protective functions of a program, must be actively promoted, while manpower training is required for program operation, conveniences, and safety. By developing and providing space arrangement models that focus on efficiency, convenience, and safety of program operation, adult day care operation can be revitalized, while quality of elderly care may be enhanced and welfare budget can be saved.

뉴로피드백 훈련이 고등학생의 일반적 건강수준, 정신건강과 문제행동 및 뇌기능 지수에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of the Neurofeedback training on the General health status, Mental health and problem behavior, and Brain function quotient among High school students)

  • 원희욱;임지영;손해경;김명아
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제14권12호
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    • pp.6309-6316
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    • 2013
  • 최근 청소년기의 이환율과 사망률, 정신건강과 문제행동의 위험 수준이 심각하나 적절한 중재가 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 유사실험 연구는 뉴로피드백 훈련이 고등학생의 일반적 건강수준, 정신건강과 문제행동 및 뇌기능 지수에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 뉴로피드백 훈련은 2012년 9월부터 12월, 주 2회(총 20회)에 걸쳐 방과 후 교내 컴퓨터실에서 훈련된 연구자 1인에 의해 진행되었으며 구조화된 설문지와 뇌기능 프로그램을 이용하여 자료수집하였다. 대상자는 S시 I고등학교에 재학 중인 고등학생으로, 대조군 6명과 실험군 5명이 최종 분석되었다. 자료는 SPSS 20.0을 이용하여 정규성 검정 후 paired t-test와 Wilcoxon signed rank test로 효과 검증하였다. 뉴로피드백 훈련 결과, 일반적 건강수준, 정신건강과 문제행동은 유의미한 차이는 없었으나 통계적으로 향상되었고, 뇌기능 지수 가운데 정서지수와 좌 우 육체적, 정신적 스트레스 저항지수가 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

오피스 건물의 실내 조명 유형 및 계획특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Lighting Plan Characteristics of Office Buildings)

  • 이연수;하미경
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2013
  • For the office work environmental design, the importance of the design management is increased to improve operation efficiency as well as the aesthetic environmental implementation of the function today. Lighting is a required element ineffective operation environment. It has become more important for the aesthetic, economic, and practical reasons, to consider the luminous environment and the lighting of visual tasks separately. When the brightness is insufficient, productivity deteriorates, and the layout of the lighting located by mistake causes the fatigue of eyes. Productivity rises to office in a large number of studies so as satisfaction is low in general in the dark office, and to be bright. Therefore the purpose of this research is to suggest the right direction of lighting design of office building area. 11newly renovated office buildings are selected for this luminous environment research. We could conclusions as following through this research. First, it was planned brighter than the recommended lighting level in the most space. It shows that the accurate lighting design criteria is needed in order to achieve proper lighting environment. Second, the application of the LED lighting fixtures is continuously increased in the recent office lighting environment. It is explained that it is applied for reasons of the electrical energy reduction and the maintenance efficiency with the long life time. Third, the consideration of the lighting plan for the difference of working types is not enough. with various communication configuration through an independent plan, and the effective lighting plan that appropriateness preparation design and energy saving area vailable must be applied. Fourth, the lighting environment of the lobby needs a specialized lighting plan as are presentative space of the building.

InfoFlow: A Web-based Workflow Management System

  • Kim, Yeong-Ho;Kang, Suk-Ho;Kim, Dong-Soo;Heo, Won-Chang;Ko, Young-Myoung;Lee, Sang-Jin;Joo, Kyoung-Jun
    • 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전자거래학회 1999년도 학술대회지 vol.2
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    • pp.587-596
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, we introduce the design and development of a web-based workflow management system. The goal of the developed system is to manage business processes occurring in the CITIS (Contractor Integrated Technical Information Services) environment. The system is composed of three main modules: Process Designer, Workflow Engine, and Client modules. The Process Designer is a module that provides the environment for the build-time function, which generates the specifications of processes. The module presents the capability of defining nested process models, which is powerful in particular for designing complex processes. Since the other two modules are implemented using pure Java technology, the Workflow Engine can be implemented on any platform and the Client programs can be accessed via the WWW interface. This indicates that there is no need to install any client programs at the client-sides. Users who has a connection to the internet with web browsers, such as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator, and has a proper right of access can utilize the normal client, monitoring client, and system administration client programs. Communications between the workflow engine and the clients are implemented using the java servlet mechanism. The workflow system can serve as the underlying platform of process management tool in CALS and CITIS environments. An example scenario of using the system is presented.

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대학의 설명책임을 위한 기록관리 개선 방안 연구 (A Study on Management of Records for Accountability of University)

  • 임정훈;강규형
    • 한국기록관리학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.55-76
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    • 2010
  • 이 연구는 기록관리 환경에서의 새로운 패러다임인 설명책임의 개념을 도입하여, 대학의 기록관리 방향성을 재설정하는데 초점을 맞추었다. 이를 위해 먼저 설명책임의 개념 및 구조를 분석하였고, 이를 통해 대학에서의 설명책임의 필요성을 입증하고자 하였다. 또한 국외 대학의 사례를 통해 설명책임을 위한 요소를 도출하고자 하였으며, 이를 기반으로 국내 대학의 기록관리 현황을 분석하였다. 현황 분석결과를 바탕으로 제언된 개선방향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학기록의 범위가 재설정되어야 한다. 둘째, 대학의 업무관련 규정이 개선되어야 한다. 셋째, 대학기록관리 주무기관으로서 대학기록관의 기능이 강화되어야 한다. 넷째, 대학의 기록관리 프로세스가 재설계되어야 한다. 다섯째, 대학의 설명책임이 제대로 정착되기 위해서는, 대학 내부적 차원에서의 기록관리 정책과 방법에 국한되어서는 안 되며, 대학 외부에서 대학이 설명책임을 제대로 이행할 수 있도록, 이를 규제할 수 있는 제도적 절차가 필요하다.

편측 절제된 상악골 환자에서 하이브리드 텔레스코픽 이중관 의치를 이용한 구강 폐색기 수복 증례 (Prosthetic rehabilitation for patient with hemi-maxillectomy: Obturator combined with a hybrid telescopic double crown using friction pin)

  • 서정교;조진현
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.317-323
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    • 2018
  • 구강암이 상악에 발생하게 되면 원발 부위의 제거를 포함한 외과적 처치 후 비구강 개통(oro-nasal communication)이 발생하게 된다. 비구강 개통으로 인한 음식물의 저류를 막고 및 원할한 발음 및 심미적 회복을 위해서는 구강 폐색장치(Obturator)를 통한 수복이 필요하다.본 증례에서는 구강암으로 인해 우측 상악 편측절제술(hemi-maxillectomy) 시행하고 두경부 방사선 치료의 영향으로 인해 잔존 지대치의 우식과 불량한 치주지지를 보이는 환자에서 구강폐색장치(obturator)를 하이브리드형 이중관의치(hybrid telescopic double crown denture)로 수복하였다. 18개월 간 경과관찰에서 성공적인 예후를 보여 이를 보고하고자 한다.

교두감합위로부터 출발한 수직교합고경의 단계적 증가가 사지 근력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Human Appendage Muscle Strength on Increase in Vertical Dimension from Intercuspal Position of Mandible)

  • 홍동희;이성복;최대균
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.169-183
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    • 2003
  • According to our recent investigation that the increase in the occlusal vertical dimension made the appendage muscle strength got higher, the occlusal appliances were made by increasing the occlusal vertical dimension "from the centric relation" position of the mandible. In this experiment, the authors tried to study the change in the appendage muscle strength due to increase in occlusal vertical dimension from intercuspal position(ICP) of mandible with the same subjects and manner as the former experiment. For this study, ten male athletes in a mean age of 23 year who were joined the former study were selected. All the subjects had a complete or almost complete set of natural teeth and reported no subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Upper and lower casts were mounted on the semi-adjustable articulator at the intercuspal position and a point was marked on the attached gingival area between the right canine and the right 1st. premolar in each upper and lower cast. From the points, the occlusal vertical dimension was increased by 2mm, 3.5mm and 5mm, and then each 10 maxillary type occlusal splint at each 3-increased position were fabricated with heat curing clear acrylic resin. Including the intercuspal position, the 3 kinds of occlusal splints were placed on the subjects individually, and then isokinetic muscle strength on 7 parts of the human appendage which are shoulder, knee, ankle, wrist, forearm, elbow and hip was measured with the CYBEX 6000 SYSTEM (Lumex, NewYork, USA). The results were as follows: The highest mean value in muscular strength was shown at the position of 2mm-increased vertical dimension. The muscle strength during internal/external rotation of shoulder and knee, plantarflexion of ankle, flexion of elbow, and flexion and extension of hip at the increased occlusal vertical dimension position were significantly higher than them at the intercuspal position (p<0.05). Only in view of the increase in the appendage muscle strength, regardless of the way of making the occlusal splints by elevating the occlusal vertical dimension from the centric relation position or intercuspal position, the occlusal splints had an effect on the increase of isokinetic muscle strength at the occlusal vertical dimension which increased within the proper range on the habitual arc of closure.