• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.555-565
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• 2021

Melon fruits are a year-old plant in the family Cucurbitae and are the most cultivated fruit in tropical countries. Melon flesh is an important source of anti-cancer, antioxidant effects, attracting attention as a functional food. We investigated the morphological properties, β-carotene content, and cucumisin activity of seeds of 58 melon genetic resources. Melon resources have shown various morphological properties. Melons grouped by morphological properties were the five groups. β-carotene content varied between 82.34 mg/kg, 86.75 mg/kg, 25.56 mg/kg, 86.25 mg/kg, and 54.65 mg/kg. Between β-carotene, cucumisin activity and other quantitative fruit morphological properties, the color of the pulp and the firmness of the pulp had a significant amount of correlation between the β-carotene content. However, cucumisin activity and β-carotene content had significant negative correlation, and the color of the fruit and shape of the fruit had significant negative correlation with β-carotene content and activity of cucumisin. Our study vindicated that high diversity in melon morphological characters of genetic sources that provide beneficial baseline data for the future and in the activity of β-carotene and cucumisin, and these results could predict indicators of β-carotene content by the length of leaf, the width of fruit, the length of joint, and the length of seed, and collectively the morphological properties of melons could help predict indicators of β-carotene content and help develop functional sarcoma and farmhouse cultivation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.9-15
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• 2000

The 3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-thick PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) thin film have been prepared using physical vapor deposition with electric field, and its FT-IR spectrum, dielectric property and electric conduction phenomenon have been investigated. Since the characteristic peaks are detected at 509.45 ［$cm^{-1}$ /］ and 1273.6 ［$cm^{-1}$ /］in the FT-IR spectrum, we are confirmed that the $\beta$ -phase is dominant in the PVDF thin film. In the results of dielectric properties, the PVDF thin film shows anomalous dispersion, i.e. gradual decrease of dielectric constant with increase of frequency, and also that the dielectric absorption point changes from 200 Hz to 7000 Hz with increasing temperature of thin film, which is consistent with the Debye's theory. The activation energy ( $\Delta$H) obtained from temperature dependence of dielectric loss is 21.64 ㎉/mole. We confirm that the electric conduction mechanism of PVDF thin film is dominated by ionic conduction by investigating the dependence of the leakage current of the thin film on the temperature and the electric field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.176.2-176.2
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• 2013

Property of optical diagnostics for pulse-discharged plasma in liquid and its biological applications to proteins are investigated by making use of high voltage Marx generator. The Marx generator has been consisted of 5 stages, where each charging capacitor is 0.5 ${\mu}F$, to generate a high voltage pulse with rising time of $1{\mu}s$. We have applied an input voltage of 6 kV to the each capacitor of 0.5 ${\mu}F$. High voltage pulsed plasma has been generated inside a polycarbonate tube by a single-shot operation, where the breakdown voltage is measured to be 7 kV, current of 1.2 kA, and pulse width of ~ 1 ${\mu}s$ between the two electrodes of anode-cathode whose material is made of tungsten pin, which are immersed into the liquids. We have investigated the emitted hydrogen lines for optical diagnostics of high voltage pulsed plasma. The emission line of 656.3 nm from $H-{\alpha}$ and 486.1 nm from $H-{\beta}$ have been measured by a monochromator. If we assumed that the focused plasma regions satisfy the local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, the electron temperature and density of the high voltage pulsed plasma in liquid could be obtained by the Stark broadening of optical emission spectroscopy. For the investigation of the influence of pulsed plasma on biological proteins, we have exposed it onto the proteins such as hemoglobin and myoglobin. The structural changes in these proteins and their analysis have also been obtained by circular dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet (UV) visible spectroscopy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 2009

Vibrio parahaemolyticus possessing urease-positive property is relatively rare, but such strains consistently exhibit the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) gene. In this study, we examined the effects of incubation temperature on urease activity expression, using the TH3996 and AQ4673 strains where the enzyme activity is known to be temperature-dependent and -independent, respectively. In the TH3996 strain, $\beta$-galactosidase activity was 4.4-fold lower after $30^{\circ}C$ cultivation than after $37^{\circ}C$ in a ureR-lacZ fusion strain, but temperature dependency was not found in ureD- or nikA-lacZ fusion strains. However, ureR-, ureD-, and nikA-lacZ fusions of the AQ4673 strain was not influenced by incubation temperature. We compared the promoter sequences of ureR between the above two strains. Intriguingly, we detected mismatches of two nucleotides between the two strains located at positions -66 and -108 upstream of the methionine initiation codon for UreR. Additionally, urease activity was not affected by culture temperature at either $30^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ by allelic introduction of the AQ4673 ureR gene into the TH3996 ureR deletion mutant. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the transcriptional factor UreR is involved in the temperature dependency of urease activity, and two nucleotides within the ureR promoter region are of particular importance for the urease activity dependency of V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of treatment for dermatitis using the herbal gel preparations. Scutellariae Radix(SR) and Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR) were used for the purpose of herbal preparations. Baicalin, baicalein are the ingredients of SR, having biological effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial and antiallergic action. 6-Gingerol is one of the ingredients of ZR having biologicai effects like anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. The three types of hydrogels(SRE, SRH, SZH) were formulated with Carbopol 940, Labrasol, Triethanolamine etc. Baicalin was hydrolysed to baicalein by $\beta$-glucuronidase for the purpose to increase rate of skin permeation. Content of ingredients by HPLC determination, rate of skin permeation using Franz type diffusion cell, anti-oxidative activity for the free radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, anti-inflammatory by using carrageenan injection, efficacy on the dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene(DNCB) were experimented. Baicalein showed higher permeability than baicalin, so it is considered that baicalein was more suitable form than baicalin for transdermal absorption by its lipophilic property. In the anti-oxidative experiments, SZH gel was the most effective scavenging activity than the other gels in all experiments. In anti-inflammatory test, SRM and SZH gel more decreased edma rapidly than SRE gel. In case of using SZH gel, treatment period for the dermatitis was more declined than that of other gel groups. These results suggests that the SZH hydrogel could be suitable preparations for the treatment of dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

When alloys are vacuum-deposited on cooled substrates, super-rapidly cooled alloy films in the unequilibrium state can be obtained. As an application of this method, Ag-Cu, Ag-Ni and Ag-C alloys were successfully produced, and their mechanical properties with tempering temperature were investigated. The following results were obtained : (1) In case of Ag-Cu alloys, the solid solution was hardened by tempering at $150^{\circ}C$. The hardening is considered to occur when the solid solution begins to decompose into ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ phases. The Knoop hardness number of a 40 at.%Ag-Cu alloy film deposited on a cooled glass substrate was 390 $kg/mm^2$. The as-deposited films were generally very hard but fractured under stresses below their elastic limits. (2) In case of Ag-Ni and Ag-C alloys, after the tempering of 4 at.%Ni-Ag alloy at $400^{\circ}C$ and of 1 and 2 at.%C-Ag alloys at $200^{\circ}C$, they were hardened by the precipitation of fine nickel and carbon particles. The linear relationship between proof stress vs. $(grain\;diameter)^{-l/2}$ for bulk silver polycrystals can be applied to vacuum-deposited films up to about 0.1 ${\mu}m$ grain diameter, but the proof stress of ultra-fine grained silver with grain diameters of less than 0.1 ${\mu}m$ was smaller than the value expected from the Petch's relation.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

Representative magnesium alloys applied to the die-casting are AZ91, AM60, etc., and the application of these alloys is restricted to components operating at moderate temperatures, due to grain boundary siding of ${\beta}$-phase($Mg_{17}Al_{12}$) at temperatures above $120^{\circ}C$. Heat-resistant magnesium alloys such as AE42, AE44 have been developed, but that have been too burdensome to produce because of the expensive rare earth materials. Research work for the development of low-priced heat-resistant magnesium alloy is actively in progress and positive results are being reported. This study aims to investigate the effect of Ca additions on mechanical properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn heat resistant magnesium alloys. Mg-4Al-2Sn alloys with Ca (0wt.%, 0.3wt.%, 0.7wt.%, 1wt.%) have been produced through the die-casting process for the development of low-priced heat-resistant magnesium alloy, and high temperature tensile tests are performed using the specimens. The results showed that mechanical properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn-xCa increased with the addition of Ca up to 0.7wt.% Ca and further addition of Ca deteriorated the mechanical properties of the alloys. A significant amount of porosity was observed at the sample with 1wt%. Ca and the longer freezing range of the alloy was believed to cause the formation of porosity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.266-278
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• 2008

Erythrina stricta, a deciduous tree widely used traditionally in indigenous system of medicine for various ailments such as rheumatism, fever, leprosy, epilepsy etc. The leaves of Erythrina stricta was extracted with ethanol (70%) and used for the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant assays which includes H - donor activity, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing ability, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity by thiocyanate and phosphomolybdenum method, metal chelating, $\beta$-carotene bleaching, total peroxy radical assays. The pro-oxidant activity was measured using bleomycin-dependent DNA damage. Ex vivo models like lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte haemolysis were also used to study the antioxidant property of the extract. The various antioxidant activities were compared with suitable standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, $\alpha$-tocopherol, curcumin, quercetin and Trolox. The generation of free radicals viz. $O_2^{{\cdot}-}$, $OH^{\cdot}$, $H_2O_2$, $NO^{\cdot}$ and peroxyl radicals were effectively scavenged by the ethanolic extract of Erythrina stricta. In all the methods, the extract offered strong antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity in Erythrina stricta were determined as microgram (g) pyrocatechol, quercetin and $\alpha$-tocopherol equivalent/mg respectively. The extract did not exhibit any prooxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicates that Erythrina stricta scavenges free radicals and reduces lipid peroxidation, ameliorating the damage imposed by oxidative stress in different disease conditions and serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Objective: An water extract of the Hwang-Ryun-Chung-Sim-Um (HRC) was assessed to determine the mechanisms of its antioxidant activity. In addition, the HRC was examined in vitro for the inhibitory effect on the acetylcholinesterse (AChE). Methods: The HRC exhibited a concentration-treatment; scavenging ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$ (DPPH) radical, linoleic acid oxidation in a thiocyanate assay system, hydroxyl radical-induced DNA nicking. We investigated mRNA levels such as catalase activity, superoxide-dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The water extract of HRC showed inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Result: The HRC extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, including DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals, using different system. The HRC was also found to be effective in protecting plasmid DNA against the strand breakage induced by Hydroxyl radicals in Fenton's reaction mixture. Futhermore, catalase mRNA expression levels increased, but SOD1 and MnSOD was not expressed. HRC in a various concentration-dependent decreased AChE mRNA levels and inhibitory effect showed AChE. Conclusion: According to the above results, it is supposed that HRC is applicable to the Dementia-type of Alzheimer clinically.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 1997

Antaeum(ATE) has been used as a prescription for threatened abortion, associated with pregnancy in traditional medicine. Because gravida could be administered ATE for a long period, its administration might cause a harmful effect on fetus and gravida during the pregnancy. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to ATE caused mutagenicity or hepatotoxicity during the pregnant period. For mutagenicity test of ATE, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis were used as indications for DNA damage. In the Ames test, Samonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used for mutagenicity testing, and the number of histidine revertants was measured. In Rec-assay, Bacillus subtilis H $17(Rec^+)$ and $M-45(Rec^-)$ strains were used to clarify the DNA damage property. In the SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA15335 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a tester strain, and we monitored the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. From the tested results, ATE did not show DNA damage and mutagenicity. On the other hand, hepatotoxicity of ATE to female ICR mice was monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities after oral feeding for 15 days. ATE did not show significant change of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities in mice sera.