• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

목 적 : Nutcracker 증후군은 좌측 신정맥이 복부대동맥과 비정상적으로 분지된 상장간막 동맥의 압박에 의한 부분폐쇄의 발생하는 증후군으로 진단기준은 확립되지 않은 상태이다. 소아에 있어서 학교 요검사가 보편화 되면 서 무증상 혈뇨 또는 단백뇨 환아에서 진단이 증가하는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소아 환아의 성별분포와 발생연령, 좌측신정맥의 압박부위와 확장부위의 최초 혈류속도의 비, 혈뇨와 단백뇨의 빈도를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1999년 9월부터 2001년 1월까지 혈뇨 또는 단백뇨를 주소로 연세의대 세브란스 병원 소아 신장과에 내원한 환아중 도플러 초음파상 좌측 신정맥의 압박부위와 확장부위의 최고 혈류 속도 비가 5.0을 초과한 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 결 과 : 총 30명 중 남아가 14명, 여아가 16명 이었으며 전체 평균 연령은 9.19${\pm}$2.31 세 였으며 남아는 9.68${\pm}$2.82세, 여아는 8.76${\pm}$1.76세로 성별간 유의한 차이가 있었다 (P< 0.05). 좌측 신정맥 최고 혈류속도의 압박부위와 확장부위의 비율은 전체 8.52${\pm}$2.24, 남아는 8.45${\pm}$2.31, 여아는 8.58${\pm}$2.25로 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 요검사상 혈뇨가 있는 환아 27 예의 평균연령이 8.99${\pm}$2.33세로 혈뇨가 없는 환아 3 예의 평균연령 10.96${\pm}$1.11세에 비해 유의한 차이가 없었으며 (P>0.05), 최고 혈류속도 비는 각각 $8.53{\pm}2.26,\;8.39{\pm}2.47$으로 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 혈뇨만 있는 환아는 24 예였으며 단백뇨만 있는 환아는 3예, 혈뇨와 단백뇨가 함께 있는 환아는 3 예 였다. 결 론 : 무증상 혈뇨나 단백뇨가 검출되는 학동기 아동들중 Nutcracker증후군 환아의 조기발견과 정기적인 추적관찰은 그로 인한 합병증 방지에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2023

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a disease caused by compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by the predominance of IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangial area. Hematuria and proteinuria can be present in both diseases, and some patients can be concurrently diagnosed with NCS and IgAN; however, a causal relationship between the two diseases has not yet been clarified. Here, we report two pediatric cases of NCS combined with IgAN. The first patient presenting with microscopic hematuria and proteinuria was diagnosed with NCS at the initial visit, and the second patient was later diagnosed with NCS when proteinuria worsened. Both patients were diagnosed with IgAN based on kidney biopsy findings and treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and immunosuppressants. A high index of suspicion and timely imaging or biopsy are essential for the proper management of NCS combined with glomerulopathy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2023

Renal nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is the entrapment of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Although uncommon in pediatric patients, early diagnosis is crucial to avoid potential severe complications, such as anemia or renal vein thrombosis. NCS presents a variety of symptoms, most commonly including "Triade's symptoms"-hematuria, proteinuria, and flank pain. Diagnosis and treatment include invasive and noninvasive management, although due to a lack of pediatric clinical studies, management is widely variable. Conservative diagnosis and treatment are recommended as a first-line option for pediatric patients; however, invasive surgical treatment may be recommended based on symptom severity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NCS in children to better understand the widely variable incidence, occurrence, and management from early on to allow for early-onset management.

• 복식
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of stage costumes of a children's play and to creatively design them for the play, 'The Nutcracker', in an attempt to expand the means of expressing designs for stage costumes for children's plays. The Nutcracker, a play written by the German author, E. T. A. Hoffman in 1816, is better known today through its ballet adaptation by Tchaikovsky, and various versions have been presented by ballet companies and drama producers. The characteristics of the stage costume in a children's play are visual artistry, decoration, activity, and visual attention. The costume shows visual artistry because stage costumes with high artistry can increase the elements of fantasy and visual satisfaction in a play for children. The various decorative elements in stage costumes can help capture the attention of children and enhance their interest in the play. As dynamic movement and lines are often used to prevent children from becoming bored, activity must be taken into account when designing stage costumes. Visual attention is required to help children become better immersed in a play, and color selections for the stage costumes need to be emphasized. Thirteen characters were selected to develop a total of 13 pieces of stage costume in a standard size for a 9-year-old child. The design was focused on enhancing the fantastic elements and the entertainment value, and diversified surface decoration techniques were applied to the costume to draw the attention of children and express the formative beauty.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2024

Purpose: To compare the Doppler sonographic findings of the left renal vein (LRV) of children diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome with and without orthostatic proteinuria. Methods: Fifty and 53 consecutive children with and without orthostatic proteinuria, respectively, underwent renal Doppler ultrasonography examinations. The peak velocity (PV) was measured at the hilar portion of the LRV and between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Renal Doppler ultrasonography findings and clinical data including urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) were compared according to the presence or absence of orthostatic proteinuria. Results: Between the two groups, no significant differences were observed in terms of age or sex. The PV ratio between the aortomesenteric and hilar portions was 7.79±2.65 and 6.32±3.01 in children with and without orthostatic proteinuria, respectively (P=0.009). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the UPCR in the first morning urine sample. However, the UPCR in the afternoon urine sample was significantly higher in children with orthostatic proteinuria than in those without orthostatic proteinuria (0.49±0.46 mg/mg vs. 0.11±0.04 mg/mg, P<0.001). Furthermore, the PV ratio between the aortomesenteric and hilar portions revealed a positive correlation with the ratio of UPCR of the afternoon to that of first morning urine samples (R=0.21, P=0.034). Conclusions: This study suggests that there can be a significant correlation of the PV ratio between the aortomesenteric and hilar portion of the LRV with orthostatic proteinuria in pediatric patients with nutcracker syndrome.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2024

People have been using more energy in the last years. Several research studies were conducted to develop sustainable energy sources that can produce clean energy to fulfill our energy requirements. Using renewable energy sources helps to decrease the harm to the environment caused by conventional power plants. Choosing the right location and capacity for DG-RESs can greatly impact the performance of Radial Distribution Systems. It is beneficial to have a good and stable electrical power supply with low energy waste and high effectiveness because it improves the performance and reliability of the system. This research investigates the ideal location and size for solar and wind power systems, which are popular methods for producing clean electricity. A new artificial intelligent algorithm called Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA) is used to find the best solution in two common electrical systems named IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems to examine the improvement in the efficiency & reliability of power system network by reducing power losses, making voltage deviation smaller, and improving voltage stability. Finally, the NOA method is compared with another method called PSO and developed Hybrid Algorithm (NOA+PSO) to validate the proposed algorithm effectiveness and enhancement of both efficiency and reliability aspects.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1112-1114
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• 2022

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2023

목적 근치적 방광적출 후 회장 신방광형성술을 시행 받은 방광암 환자는 수술 후 혈뇨를 보일 수 있는데, 이는 종양 재발에 대한 불안을 유발할 수 있다. 그러나 종양 재발뿐 아니라 호두까기 증후군이 수술 후 혈뇨의 원인이 될 수 있으며, 이는 빈번한 증후군일 수 있음을 증명하려고 한다. 대상과 방법 2011년부터 2016년까지 근치적방광적출 후 회장 신방광형성술을 시행 받은 255명의 방광암 환자를 대상으로 조영증강 복부골반 컴퓨터단층촬영과 소변검사 소견을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 컴퓨터단층촬영에서 호두까기 증후군 소견의 유무는 좌신정맥 흐름 패턴을 평가하여 판단하였다. 소변분석에서는 총 소변검사에서 혈뇨가 양성인 비율에 따라 환자를 분류하였다. 결과 컴퓨터단층촬영에서 호두까기 증후군 소견은 135명의 환자 중 31.9%에서 나타났다. 혈뇨 양성 그룹에서는 호두까기 증후군의 소견이 없는 환자보다 있는 환자가 26% 더 많았다. 결론 호두까기 증후군의 소견은 수술 후 방광암 환자에게 빈번하였으며, 호두까기 증후군 소견과 혈뇨 사이에는 유의미한 상관관계가 있었다. 또한 호두까기 증후군 소견의 유병률은 수술 후 요로의 종양 재발률보다 높았다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 II
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• pp.586-591
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• 2001

Dynamic analysis using impulse responses is formulated to estimate effect of slider rail shape on dynamic responses. Impulse responses are obtained on numerical nonlinear model including rigid motion of slider and fluid motion of air bearing under the slider. Dynamic characteristics of slider motion are evaluated by utilizing the decay ratio of impulse responses and modal frequencies from frequency response functions. The dynamic characteristics of the developed NFR(Near Field Recording) slider are checked by comparing those of HDD sider(Nutcracker). Also, sensitivities of slider position conditions and rotation speed on the dynamic characteristics are investigated. The researches show that the utilized method is a good indicator of designing the better slider.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2003

Dynamic analysis using impulse responses is formulated to estimate effect of slider rail shape on dynamic responses in near-field optical recording drive. Impulse responses are obtained on numerical nonlinear model including rigid motion of a slider and fluid motion of an air bearing under the slider. Dynamic characteristics of slider motion are evaluated by utilizing the decay ratio of impulse responses and modal frequencies from frequency response functions. The dynamic characteristics of the designed NFR slider are checked by comparing those of a HDD slider(Nutcracker). Also, sensitivities of slider Position conditions and rotation speed on the dynamic characteristics are investigated.