• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors based on the theory of planned behavior that predict smoking cessation in elderly smokers following a stroke. Method: Between March and May 2013, data related to intention, attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, were collected through questionnaire from 223 elders who smoked and who had a stroke. Data analysis was performed using PASW (SPSS) 18.0 program, and included t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise liner regression analysis. Results: Results showed a positive correlation between intention and attitude toward the behavior (r=.494, p<.001), subjective norm (r=.390, p<.001), and perceived behavioral control (r=.189, p=.005). These variables such as perceived behavior control, subjective norm, number of cigarettes per day, and usefulness of quitting smoking explained 50% of intention to quit smoking. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is a need to develop smoking cessation nursing strategies for elderly smokers following a stroke in order to provide effective counseling on subjective norm and perceived behavioral control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.786-791
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• 2006

Two stroke low speed diesel engines are mainly used for marine propulsion or power plant prime mover. These have many merits such as higher thermal efficiency, mobility and durability. However various annoying vibrations sometimes occur in ships or at the plant itself. Of these vibrations, torsional vibration is very important and it should be carefully investigated during the initial design stage for engine's safe operation. In this paper authors suggest a new estimation method of for shaft's can be calculated equivalently from accumulated fatigue cycles number due to torsional vibration. The 6S70MC-C($25,320ps{\times}91rpm$) engine for ship propulsion was selected as a case study, and the accumulated fatigue cycles numbers for shafting life time converted from the measured angular velocity and torsional vibration stress was calculated. This new method can be realized and confirmed in test model ship with two stroke low speed diesel engine.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.82-93
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• 1999

Stroke is a serious disease despite recent improvement in medical and surgical treatment. Hence, identification of modifiable risk factors for stroke is important. This case-control study was done to demonstrate that relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, perception of saltness and the incidence of stroke and to identify that smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and perception of saltness, after adjusting for age, hypertension. A structured interview was carried out from April 15, 1996 to May 3, 1996 in Yonsei Medical Center. The study group consisted of 59 neurologically confirmed stroke patients as the study group and 59 non-stroke patients as controls. Analysis of the data was done by means of ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic regression analysis. The results were as follows. In the study group: 1) Hypertension in males had a 10.2 odds ratio (p<0.05), cardiovascular disease in females had a 11.3 odds ratio (p<0.05) and a farnily history of stroke in males had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 2) Females smoking one or more cigarettes had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), but males had no direct relationship with odds ratio of 1.5 (non-significant). 3) Alcohol consumption in males had a 0.4 odds ratio, and in females had a 0.8 odds ratio. The odds ratio was decreased in alcohol consumption group (non-significant). 4) Males with more than 20 cigarettes pack-years history had a 2.5 odds ratio (p<0.05), more than 25 Body Mass Index had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05) and more than 220 ml ethanol weekly consumption had a 1.5 odds ratio (non-significant). 5) Female smokers had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), drinkers a 0.8 odds ratio and more than 25 Body Mass Iidex, a 43.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 6) Females without saltness perception from a 0.5% salt solution had a 6.8 odds ratio (non-significant). 7) By logistic regression analysis independent risk factors for stroke in males were found to be hypertention, age, and obesity. The study was limited because number of subjects was too small for practical implications. However, like as other results, this study suggest that people should be advised to control hypertension, and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.265-275
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• 2006

Objectives : Electrical acupoint stimulation(EAS) has been used to treat motor dysfunction of stroke patients with reportedly effective results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the EAS with different frequencies in treating motor dysfunction of ischemic stroke patients. Methods : The subject of this study were forty-two ischemic stroke patients with motor dysfunction in Kyunghee oriental medicine hospital who were hospitalized for one week to one month from onset. They were treated with 2Hz or 120Hz EAS for two weeks, and motor evoked potentials(MEP) were measured before and after EAS treatment. To compare the effect of 2Hz EAS with 120Hz, the number of patients who showed MEP responses after two weeks among those who had no previous response was checked. Also measured were latency, central motor conduction time(CMCT), amplitude of MEP before and after EAS treatment. Results : After two weeks of treatment, 4 out of 15 patients(27%) in the 2Hz EAS group and lout of 19 patients(5%) in the 120Hz group showed potential responses. Yet there was no significant difference between the two groups. When MEP data of the affected side between the 2Hz group and the 120Hz group was compared, the former showed more significant improvement than the latter in latency, CMCT and amplitude(P=0.040, 0.019,0.021). When the proportion of the affected side and unaffected side in MEP data was examined, the 2Hz group showed improvement on only latency and CMCT with significant differences(P=0.040, 0.014). Conclusions : These results show that EAS with low frequency is more helpful for motor recovery after ischemic stroke than that with high frequency. This suggests that low frequency EAS activates the central motor conduction system better than high frequency EAS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1920-1927
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• 2015

This study examined health insurance costs of occupational therapy in stroke patients. The subjects were stroke patients, who underwent occupational therapy by hospitalization or out-patient centers in 2010. The cost of occupational therapy was analyzed from the insurance claims data of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in 2010. The kinds of occupational therapy were divided according to the insurance fee of occupational therapy in 2010. In-patients who received occupational therapy paid the highest rehabilitation treatment fee, whereas outpatients paid the highest nervous system function test fee. The cost of occupational therapy in the special rehabilitation treatment fee was highest by 25.3 billion won. The number of uses of general hospitals was the highest by 180 thousand but the total cost of long-term care hospital was highest by 10.4 billion won. The number of uses and cost by regional groups was highest in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. This study is meaningful in that a cost analysis of occupational therapy in stroke patients was performed for the first time using the stroke data from the whole country. The result can be used to provide basic data to improve the insurance fee in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was a comparative review of the computerized nursing records and paper-based nursing records to examine effects of a nursing process documentation system focusing on patients who have had stroke. Method: First, the researchers collected all the foci from the computerized records and the paper-based records. They selected ten nursing foci, used frequently in both groups and analyzed the number of foci per patient, appropriateness of foci, the number of nursing activities per nursing focus and whether outcomes were described or not in the nursing record. Results: There was fewer errors in nursing diagnosis selection, and a larger number of activities in the records than trle paper based ones. Also, there was a better description of the nursing outcomes in the computerized records. Conclusion: This study suggests that the computerized nursing records is significantly effective in increasing accuracy of the nursing care plan and quality of the nursing record.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.405-413
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• 2019

Objective : We evaluated efficacy of combining proximal balloon guiding catheter (antegrade flow arrest) and distal access catheter (aspiration at the site of occlusion) in thrombectomy for anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 116 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with stent retriever. The patients were divided by the techniques adopted, the combined technique (proximal balloon guiding catheter and large bore distal access catheter) group (n=57, 49.1%) and the conventional (guiding catheter with stent retriever) technique group (n=59, 50.9%). We evaluated baseline characteristics (epidemiologic data, clinical and imaging characteristics) and procedure details (the number of retrieval attempts, procedure time), as well as angiographic (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score, distal thrombus migration) and clinical outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge, modified Rankin Scale [mRS] at 3 months) of them. Results : The number of retrieval attempts was lower (p=0.002) and the first-pass successful reperfusion rate was higher (56.1% vs. 28.8%; p=0.003) in the combined technique group. And the rate of final result of TICI score 3 was higher (68.4% vs. 28.8%; p<0.01) and distal thrombus migration rate was also lower (15.8% vs. 40.7%; p=0.021) in the combined technique group. Early strong neurologic improvement (improvement of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ${\geq}11$ or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ${\leq}1$ at discharge) rate (57.9% vs. 36.2%; p=0.02) and favorable clinical outcome (mRS at 3 months ${\leq}2$) rate (59.6% vs. 33.9%; p=0.005) were also better in the combined technique group. Conclusion : The combined technique needs lesser attempts, decreases distal migration, increases TICI 3 reperfusion and achieves better clinical outcomes.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.209-226
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between memory belief, depression and cognitive functioning for stroke patients. A total of 88 subjects were participated in this study and the questionnaire was composed with general characteristics and K-MoCA, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Memory Self Efficacy Qestionnaire(MSEQ), Memory Controllability Inventory(MCI). The results showed that, for the memory self efficacy by general characteristics, there were significant differences in terms of level of education, living and economic status, the number of onset of stroke (p<.05), the memory controllability showed significant differences in economic status (p<.05), and the depression showed significant differences in onset duration of stroke (p<.05), and the cognitive functioning showed significant differences in gender, age, education, living condition, and the number of onset of stroke (p<.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between memory self efficacy and memory controllability, depression, and cognitive functioning (p<.05). Memory controllability was correlated with depression (p<.01), depression was correlated with cognitive functioning (p<.01). Memory self efficacy, memory controllability and depression were found to be factors, affecting the cognitive functioning (p<.05). Based on this results, it is recommended to develop a multifaceted rehabilitation program in order to induce the positive mood, to reduce the negative emotions such as depression and to promote the memory belief about recovery of cognitive functioning.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2003

Objective : Stroke is the second major cause of death in Korea. It is known that the survival and ultimate outcome in stroke depend on various factors, so it is not easy to predict unexpected death in stroke. This study was performed in order to find predicting factors of unexpected death in stroke. Methods : A retrospective study was accomplished by reviewing 21 medical records of stroke patients who expired in the ward of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center from January 1998 to December 2001. Data analyzed Were physical examination, laboratory findings, clinical charts and APACH III scoring system. Results : I. The number of unexpected deaths at the ward of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center from January in 1998 to December in 2001 were 21 patients (0.1%). 2. Major risk factors of unexpected death were age (${\geq}60$), high blood pressure on 1st admission day and acute stage (${\leq}30{\;}days$). 3. The most frequent time of unexpected death was from 6 a.m. to noon. 4. Major cause of unexpected death was recurrence of stroke (40%). 5. APACH III scores of 75% of unexpected death patients were over 30 points. 6. Clinical change of symptoms 3 or 4 days before the unexpected death were dyspnea, change of urination and defecation. Conclusion; This mortality study suggests that old age, high blood pressure on 1st admission day, acute stage, and high APACH III score are the major predictors of unexpected death in stroke patients and that intensive medical attention is necessary to reach a better outcome.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.11-29
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of virtual reality on gait, balance, and upper extremity functions compared to other independent variables or no variables. Additionally, the possibility of virtual reality for stroke patients was discussed. Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: The search for this study was a search term that combined stroke, virtual reality, and training, and the electronic search was conducted through EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. As a result of the search, 21 studies satisfying the selection criteria of the target study were confirmed as the final analysis target. This study consisted of 21 randomized experimental studies and 21 randomized controlled trials, and the total number of participants was 642. [Experimental group (n=314), control group (n=328); total 642]. As a result of the study, upper extremity function was assessed using a box and block test, a modified Ashworth scale, and a scale including range of motion. The balance was evaluated by the berg balance scale. Gait was a Timed Up and Go test (TUG), stride length, and gait function. Scales including a walking rate scale were evaluated. The effect size for the intervention of the analytical study was meta-analyzed with the RevMan 5.3.3 program of the Cochrane library. Results: The results of the study showed that the function of walking was statistically significant. Balance showed statistically significant results. The upper extremity function showed no statistically significant results. Conclusion: Through this rehabilitation treatment by applying virtual reality environment to the rehabilitation of stroke patients in the future can be proposed as an effective intervention method for the balance and gait function of stroke patients.