• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1181-1184
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• 2015

Background: Accurate measurement of breast mass size is fundamental for treatment planning. We evaluated performance of BreastLight apparatus in detection breast of masses with this in mind. Materials and Methods: From July 2011 to September 2013, a total of 500 women referred to mammography unit in Yazd, Iran for screening were recruited to this study. Performance of BreastLight in detection breast masses regard their sizeing, measured with clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography and sonography, was assessed. Sonographic and mammography examinations were performed according to breast density among women in two groups of women younger (n=105) and older (n=395) than 30 years. Size correlations were performed using Spearman rho analysis. Differences between mass size as assessed with the different methods (mammography, sonography, and clinical examination) and the BreastLight detection were analyzed using $X^2$-trend test. Results: Performance of the BreastLight in detection of lesions smaller than or equal to 1 cm assessed by CBE, mammography and sonography was 4.4%,7.7% and 12.5% and for masses larger than 4 cm was 65%, 100% and 57.1%, respectively. The performance of BreastLight in detection was significantly increased with larger masses (p<0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that clinical measurement of breast cancer size is as accurate as that from mammography or ultrasound. Accuracy can be improved by the use of a simple formula of both clinical and mammographic measurements.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.245-258
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• 1992

The variations of certain major and trace elements of the Onjong granite mass was studied on the basis of petrological and geochemical characteristics and compared with those of the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses in order to investigate the geochemical differences of the granitic rocks in relation to mineralization between Pb-Zn ore district and Pb-Zn-Mo-W ore district in Kyeongsang basin. The Onjong granite mass is classified into granodiorite and monzo-granite, and the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses into monzo-granite by the Streckeisen's diagram. Between both granite masses there are clear differences in contents of certain major elements and lithophile trace elements. The former have high contents of Ca (2.94%), Mg (1.66%) and Sr (365 ppm), and low contents of K (3.52%), Na (3.51%), Rb (116 ppm), Ba (640 ppm) and Li (18.9 ppm), whereas the latter have high contents of K (4.02%), Na (4.28%), Rb (145 ppm), Ba (695 ppm) and Li (19.3 ppm), and low contents of Ca (1.42%), Mg (0.43%) and Sr (161 ppm). Except for Mo, there are not clear differences in chalcophile trace elements between two granite masses: the Onjong granite mass has higher Mo content (7.1 ppm) lnan that (1.7 ppm) of the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses, but Pb and Zn contents are similar between the Onjong granite mass (Pb=8.7 ppm, Zn=37.1 ppm) and the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses (Pb=7.8 ppm, Zn=39.8 ppm). Ca and Sr contents of the Onjong granite mass (Ca> 1.5%, Sr> 270 ppm) are higher than those of the Eonyang- Yucheon granite masses (Ca<1.5%, Sr<270ppm), and Rb/Sr, Rb-Rb/Sr and K-Rb/Sr ratios are clearly distinguishable between the Onjong granite mass(Rb/Sr<0.51, Rb-Rb/Sr>250 and K-Rb/Sr>5.2) and the Eonyang- Yucheon granite masses (Rb/Sr>0.51, Rb-Rb/Sr<250 and K-Rb/Sr<5.0). Thus, variations of certain major and trace elements and ratios are applicable as geochemical index to distinguish the types of mineralization of the ore districts related to the Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Kyeongsang basin.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.854-861
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters for differentiation of cysts from and solid masses in the anterior mediastinum. Materials and Methods: The development dataset included 18 patients from two institutions with pathologically-proven cysts (n = 6) and solid masses (n = 12) in the anterior mediastinum. We measured the maximum diameter, normalized T1 and T2 signal intensity (nT1 and nT2), normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC), and relative enhancement ratio (RER) of each lesion. RERs were obtained by non-rigid registration and subtraction of precontrast and postcontrast T1-weighted images. Differentiation criteria between cysts and solid masses were identified based on receiver operating characteristics analysis. For validation, two separate datasets were utilized: 15 patients with 8 cysts and 7 solid masses from another institution (validation dataset 1); and 11 patients with clinically diagnosed cysts stable for more than two years (validation dataset 2). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from the validation datasets. Results: nT2, nADC, and RER significantly differed between cysts and solid masses (p = 0.032, 0.013, and < 0.001, respectively). The following criteria differentiated cysts from solid masses: RER < 26.1%; nADC > 0.63; nT2 > 0.39. In validation dataset 1, the sensitivity of the RER, nADC, and nT2 criteria was 87.5%, 100%, and 75.0%, and the specificity was 100%, 40.0%, and 57.4%, respectively. In validation dataset 2, the sensitivity of the RER, nADC, and nT2 criteria was 90.9%, 90.9%, and 72.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Quantitative MRI criteria using nT2, nADC, and particularly RER can assist differentiation of cysts from solid masses in the anterior mediastinum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.255-261
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• 2002

A four-degree of freedom model is suggested to understand the basic dynamical behaviors of the normal interaction between two masses of the friction induced normal vibration system. The two masses may be considered as the pad and the disk of the brake. The phase space analysis is performed to understand complicated in-plane dynamics of the non-linear model. Attractors in the phase space are examined for various conditions of the parameters. In certain conditions, the attractor becomes a limit cycle showing the stick-slip phenomena. In this paper, on the basis of the in-plane motion not only the existence of the limit cycle but also the size of the limit cycle is examined o demonstrate the non-linear dynamics that leads the unstable state and then the normal vibration is investigated as the state of the in-plane motion For only one case of the system frequency(two masses with same natural frequencies), the propensity of the normal vibration is discussed in detail. The results show an important fact that it may be not effective when too much damping is present in the only one part of the masses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.89-96
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• 2002

A two-degree of freedom model is suggested to understand the basic dynamical behaviors of the interaction between two masses of the friction induced vibration system. The two masses may be considered as the pad and the disk of the brake, The phase space analysis is performed to understand complicated dynamics of the non-linear model. Attractors in the phase space are examined for various conditions of the parameters of the model especially by emphasizing on the damping parameters. In certain conditions, the attractor becomes a limit cycle showing the stick-slip phenomena. In this paper, not only the existence of the limit cycle but also the size of the limit cycle is examined to demonstrate the non-linear dynamics that leads the unstable state. For the two different cases of the system frequency ((1)two masses with same natural frequencies, (2) with different natural frequencies), the propensity of limit cycle is discussed in detail. The results show an important fact that it may make the system worse when too much damping is present in the only one part of the masses.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.997-1017
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• 2014

According to the structure characteristics of the non-uniform beam bridge, a practical model for calculating the vibration equation of the non-uniform beam bridge is given and the application scope of the model includes not only the beam bridge structure but also the non-uniform beam with added masses and elastic supports. Based on the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory, extending the application of the modal perturbation method and establishment of a semi-analytical method for solving the vibration equation of the non-uniform beam with added masses and elastic supports based is able to be made. In the modal subspace of the uniform beam with the elastic supports, the variable coefficient differential equation that describes the dynamic behavior of the non-uniform beam is converted to nonlinear algebraic equations. Extending the application of the modal perturbation method is suitable for solving the vibration equation of the simply supported and continuous non-uniform beam with its arbitrary added masses and elastic supports. The examples, that are analyzed, demonstrate the high precision and fast convergence speed of the method. Further study of the timesaving method for the dynamic characteristics of symmetrical beam and the symmetry of mode shape should be developed. Eventually, the effects of elastic supports and added masses on dynamic characteristics of the three-span non-uniform beam bridge are reported.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.502-509
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• 2002

A two-degree of freedom model Is suggested to understand the basic dynamical behaviors of the interaction between two masses of the friction induced vibration system. The two masses may be considered as the pad and the dusk of the brake. The phase space analysis is performed to understand complicated dynamics of the non-linear model. Attractors in the phase space are examined for various conditions of the parameters of the model especially by emphasizing on the damping parameters. In certain conditions, the attractor becomes a limit cycle showing the stick-slip phenomena. In this Paper, not only titre existence of the limit cycle but also the sloe of the limit cycle is examined to demonstrate the non-linear dynamics that leads the unstable state. For the two different cases of the system frequency[(1) Two masses with same natural frequencies, (2) with different natural frequencies] . the propensity of limit cycle Is discussed In detail. The results show an important fact that it may make the system worse when too much damping Is present in the only one part of the masses.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.323-339
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• 2024

If the pressure exerted on the face of a tunnel excavated by TBM exceeds a threshold, it leads to failure of the soil or rock masses ahead of the tunnel face, which results in heaving the ground surface. In the current research, the upper bound method of limit analysis was employed to calculate the blow-out pressure of tunnels excavated in rock masses obeying the Hoek-Brown nonlinear criterion. The results of the proposed method were compared with three-dimensional finite element models, as well as the available methods in the literature. The results show that when σ_ci, m_i, and GSI increase, the blow-out pressure increases as well. By doubling the tunnel diameter, the blow-out pressure reduces up to 54.6%. Also, by doubling the height of the tunnel cover and the surcharge pressure exerted on the ground surface above the tunnel, the blow-out pressure increased up to 74.9% and 5.4%, respectively. With 35% increase in the unit weight of the rock mass surrounding the tunnel, the blow-out pressure increases in the range of 14.8% to 19.6%. The results of the present study were provided in simple design graphs that can easily be used in practical applications in order to obtain the blow-out pressure.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.307-326
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• 2019

A low computational cost semi-analytical method is developed, based on eigenfunction expansion, to study the vibration of rectangular plates subjected to a series of moving sprung masses, representing a bridge deck under multiple vehicle or train moving loads. The dynamic effects of the suspension system are taken into account by using flexible connections between the moving masses and the base structure. The accuracy of the proposed method in predicting the dynamic response of a rectangular plate subjected to a series of moving sprung masses is demonstrated compared to the conventional rigid moving mass models. It is shown that the proposed method can considerably improve the computational efficiency of the conventional methods by eliminating a large number of time-varying components in the coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) matrices. The dynamic behaviour of the system is then investigated by performing a comprehensive parametric study on the Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) of the moving loads using different design parameters. The results indicate that ignoring the flexibility of the suspension system in both moving force and moving mass models may lead to substantially underestimated DAF predictions and therefore unsafe design solutions. This highlights the significance of taking into account the stiffness of the suspension system for accurate estimation of the plate maximum dynamic response in practical applications.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.37.4-38
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• 2018

The HULQ project proposes to use gravitational lensing to determine the masses of QSO host galaxies, an otherwise difficult goal. If these host galaxy masses, along with their SMBH masses from single-epoch measurements, are estimated for a substantial number of QSOs at various redshifts, the co-evolution of SMBHs and their host galaxies can be studied for a large portion of the history of the universe. To determine the feasibility of this study, we present how to estimate the number of sources lensed by QSO hosts, i.e. the number of lensing QSO host galaxies (hereafter QSO lenses). SMBH masses in the literature are transformed into the velocity dispersions of their host galaxies using the M_BH -sigma relation, and in turn the Einstein radii for each QSO -source redshift combination is calculated, assuming singular isothermal spherical mass distributions. Using QSOs and galaxies as potential sources, the probability of a QSO host galaxy being a QSO lens is calculated, as a function of limiting magnitude. The expected numbers of QSO lenses are estimated for ongoing and future wide-imaging surveys, and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide survey is illustrated as an example.