• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.111-127
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• 2002

Purpose : This study investigated reliability of Oriental OB&GY questionnaires, valued the items and correlated relation of differentiation of syndromes of Oriental OB&GY questionnaires which is used by Dong-Eui OB&GY. Method : We analysised the result of 721 outpatients's questionnaires from March. 1. 1998 to March. 30. 2002 Results : 1. The reliability of Oriental OB&GY questionnaires above 95% is deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood, dry of blood, deficiency of Um, stagnation of Ki, insuficiency of the kidneys, liver, heart, above 90% under 95% is deficiency of Yang, heat of constitution, heat of disease, dampness, stagnated blood, above 85% under 90% is phlegm, spleen above 80% under 85% is cold syndrom. 2. The order of frequency diagnosed by Oriental OB&GY questionnaires is dampness(78.7%), heart(66.8%), stagnation of Ki(63.8%), deficiency of blood(53.5%), deficiency of Ki(53.1%), phlegm(53.7%), insuficiency of the kidneys(50.1%), dry of blood(45.1%), spleen(41.4%), liver(36.2%), stagnated blood(36.2%), deficiency of Yang(35.6%), cold syndrom(29.8%), deficiency of Um(24.1%), heat of disease(22.5%), heat of constitution(20.1%). 3. The average of item of differentiation of syndromes above 90 is dampness, above 80 under 90 is deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood, dry of blood, deficiency of Yang, cold syndrom, heat of constitution, stagnation of Ki, phlegm, stagnated blood, insuficiency of the kidneys, liver, heart, spleen, above 70 under 80 is deficiency of Um, heat of disease. 4. Deficiency of Ki is connected with question compounded of stagnation of Ki, deficiency of Yang is connected cold syndrom, cold syndrom is connected deficiency of Yang, stagnation of Ki is connected deficiency of Ki. 5. The differentiation of syndromes accompanied with others which is related to compounded question is deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood, cold syndrom, stagnation of Ki, dampness, phlegm, stagnated blood, insuficiency of the kidneys, liver, heart, spleen, which isn't related to compounded question is dry of blood, deficiency of Um, deficiency of Yang, heat of disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2013

This article is a study on to which categories of modern diseases blood deficiency pattern types are assigned by reference to modern clinical papers. Clinical papers were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from 1994 to 2013. Results are as follows. First, diverse diseases classified in qi-blood depletion pattern and pattern of blood deficiency and wind-dryness are reported and pattern types designated by the name of viscera are the minority. Second, among pattern types in Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(KCD), diseases classified in heart blood deficiency pattern, liver blood deficiency pattern and heart-liver blood deficiency pattern are a few. Third, the level of designation by the combined patterns such as qi deficiency, fluid deficiency, yin deficiency, kidney deficiency, essence deficiency, wind-cold, cold-dampness, dampness-heat, liver hyperactivity, liver depression and static blood is more specific than KCD, which makes pattern types more useful to clinical application. The detailed relation between modern diseases and pattern types can be an another topic.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.331-349
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• 1996

Cytochrome P45O is an oxidase involved in oxidation of alcohol and is known to be an activator of carcinogen. The present study was performed to study the effect of alcohol and cold stress on the expression of Cytochrome P450 IIEl (CYPIIE1) In the liver and salivary glands in rats by an immunoblot analysis. Sixteen rats were divided into 4 groups; 1)rats belonging to group I were allowed to take 15%(v/v) ethyl alcohol as a drink ad libitum: 2)rats of group II were bathed in cold water for 30 sec twice a day (during the one-week experiment); 3)rats comprising group III were received alcohol and cold stress as described above; 4)rats of group IV were selected as a control. The rat were sacrificed at the end of the one-week experiment. The livers and parotid and submandibular salivary glands were removed and stored at -2$0^{\circ}C$ until use. The stored organs were homogenized for 10 sec and the supernatants were obtained by centrifugation. The proteins of the supernatants were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to Western blotting. The blotted membranes were incubated with polyclonal antibodies to CYPIIEI . The obtained results were as follows : 1. The expression of CYPIIEl was apparently negative in the liver and salivary glands of group IV, wheras its expression was marked in the experiment groups I, II. and III. 2. No difference in the expression of CYPIIEl in the liver and salivary glands was observed between the experiment groups I, II, and III. 3. Among the experiment groups, the expression of CYPIIE1 in the liver was much greater than in the salivary glands. The expression of CYPIIE1 in the submandibular gland was weakly positive but was greater than in the carotid gland.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.96-98
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• 1991

Alcoholic extract of the seeds of Vitex negundo Linn. was obtained by cold maceration. A dose of 250 mg/kg $(1/6\;of\;LD_{50})$ of the extract was selected to study the hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The extract was found to be effective in preventing liver damage which was evident by morphological, biochemical and functional parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1444-1454
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• 2020

Objective: Cold stress induces oxidative damage and impairs energy status of broilers. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits antioxidant properties and modulates energy metabolism of animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NAC on energy status and antioxidant capacity of heart and liver in the cold-stressed broilers. Methods: The experiment consisted of 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or plus 0.1% NAC) and two ambient temperatures (thermoneutral [conventional ambient temperature] or cold stress [10℃±1℃ during days 15 to 42]). Results: No ascites were seen in cold-stressed broilers. NAC did not attenuate the impaired growth performance of stressed birds. However, NAC decreased plasma asparagine but increased aspartate levels in cold-stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC reduced hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but elevated adenosine diphosphate contents in unstressed birds (p<0.05). The hepatic ratio of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to ATP was increased in birds fed NAC (p<0.05). NAC decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cardiac total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in unstressed birds, but increased hepatic activities of T-SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC down-regulated hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase but up-regulated cardiac heme-oxigenase mRNA expression in stressed birds, and decreased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in liver and heart of birds. Conclusion: Dietary NAC did not affect energy status but enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in cold-stressed broilers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-95
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• 1991

Alcoholic extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata Ness (=AAP) was obtained by cold maceration. A dose of 300 mg/kg $(1/6of\;LD_{50})$ of the extract was selected to study hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The extract was found to be effective in preventing liver damage which was evident by morphological, biochemical and functional parameters.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 1974

Oxygen consumption rate has been determined to study the effect of 'Gal Geun Tang' upon stress resistance of rats. The oxygen consumption rate of liver tissue increased slightly when normal rats were given the Gal Geun Tang infusion only. When rats were given the infusion after an injection of typhoid vaccine, the elevated boby temperature and oxygen consumption rate due to typhoid vaccine fell to normal level. From this result, it is concluded that 'Gal Geun Tang' has a function that may normalize abnormally strained liver metabolism. Oxygen consumption rate of the rats significantly increased when rats were exposed to cold condition. However, under the same condition it rather maintained the normal consumption rate when the rats were given previously "Gal Geun Tang". It is suggested that 'Gal Geun Tang' has an effects that impairs the immune response from cold stress. The rats that were given Cinnamomi Ramulus('Ge Ji Tang') showed less effect than the group of 'Gal Geun Tang'.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2007

This study was investigated to make sure the range of Gypsum treatment, the nature of disease, the pathology and the dosage of it in Dongeuybogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Gypsum as a key ingredient. The Gypsum blended prescriptions are utilized in 23 fields of treatment such as cold, head. ect. Prescriptions that use Gypsum as the main ingredient are used commonly in the treatment of cold, head disease, fever, skin disease, diabetes, stroke, ophthalmic disease, jaundice, ENT disease and dental disease. The Gypsum is used for nature of disease which of cold, heat(fever), summer heat, phlegm, malfunction of liver, malfunction of liver and kidney, heat of stomach, malfunction of spleen and fever of stomach. The clinical dosage of Gypsum has ranged at a wide variety of amount from 1.6g to 16g per dose with 4g ${\sim}$ 8g being the typical dose for most treatment. The Gypsum is applied as a fundamental prescription with several herb remedies for the pathology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1212-1216
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine and compare some characteristics of the meat and carcass of rabbits aged 11 weeks according to sex. In the experiment thirty male and thirty female New Zealand White rabbits were slaughtered. The weights and percentages of cold carcasses, skin with head and limbs, liver, kidney, heart, lung, fore legs, hind legs, breast and ribs, loin and abdominal wall were recorded. The values for carcass length, lumbar circumference, pH in the muscles of Biceps femoris and Longissimus dorsi, meat to bone ratio and cooking loss were also determined. The mean values for cold carcass weight and cold dressing percentage were 832 g and 48.77% in male and 849 g and 48.69% in female, respectively. In this study no significant differences were shown between male and female rabbits in the characteristics of carcass and meat except the value of pH of Longissimus dorsi muscle which was markedly higher in males than that in females meat. Slaughter weight was positively correlated with the weights of carcass, skin with head and limbs, lung, liver, kidney, heart and weights of joints (p<0.01) and dressing percentage (p<0.05).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-189
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• 2000

By Literatural studying on migraine, The results were obtained as fallow : 1. A different name on migraine were called hemicrania(頭偏痛, 邊頭痛, 偏頭風). 2. In the cause of a disease in migraine, the cases were clasified into the fallowing kind : internal cause were a decline in energy and blood(氣血具虛), external cause were outside evil(外邪) in wind cold heat wetness(風寒暑濕), non internal, external cause were exhaustion. The right side migraine were concerned phlegm heat, the right side migraine were concerned wind decline in blood. 3. Migraine is appeared on the side, For the reason, liver function in excess of normal limits(肝陽上亢), a sudden of liver fire(肝火) is becomeed of invasion upon soyangkuong(少陽經) in internal external cause 4. Usage method of medicines is appeared that order underclothes theraphy(內服法), to pump out in nose theraphy, to join head theraphy(頭點法), heating smoke theraphy(熏煙法) 5. CNIDII RHIZOMA(川芎) is in mostly general use for migraine, in that order LEDEBOURIELLAE RADIX(防風) ANGELICAE DAHURICAE RADIX(白芷) ASARI HERBA CUM RADICE(細辛) NOTOPTERYGII RHIZOMA(羌活) GLYCYRRHIZAE RADIX(甘草) CHRYSANTHEMI FLOS(菊花) BUPLEURI RADIX(柴胡) SCUTELLARIAE RADIX(黃芩) ANGELICAE GIGANTIS RADIX(當歸) GYPSUM FIBROSUM(石膏) MENTHAE HERBA(薄荷) GLYCYRRHIZAE RADIX(炙甘草) VITICIS FRUCTUS(蔓荊子), nature is in mostly general hot warm(辛溫), bitter cold(苦寒), guikuong(歸經) is in mostly general liver gall kuong(肝膽經), efficacy is in mostly general to remove wind pain (祛風止痛) and to down fire(瀉火).