• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.51-71
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• 2019

Memory is a mental activity for the future rather than the past, and the responsibility for restoring the memory rests on the current intellectuals. In this context, the library must demonstrate how it contributes to local development by restoring memory and analyzing social roles and functions. Based on the contributions of local development of public libraries as background information and through literature case studies, field surveys and interviews. This study has logically demonstrated local development to the local economic development, regenerating and promoting local culture, and forming a community in the open-port cities of Busan and Incheon. Nevertheless, the contribution of local development in terms of economic, cultural and community formation cannot be perfect. Subsequent research that reflects the historical geography and architectural arts of the library itself, and the perception and value of use of local residents is necessary.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.327-360
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• 2018

Ryu Seongryong, a Confucian scholar and politician, are two sides of the same coin that cannot be separated from each other. The scholarship of Confucian intellectuals is oriented toward the practice of the managing state and salvation of the world(經國濟世), and the precise study of historical precedent and political scene affects the success or failure of politicians. Ryu was able to become a real savior of Joseon Dynasty in crisis, because he synthesized dialectically both without distinction between theory and field. However, previous studies on Ryu did not pay attention to these points. In this article, I would like to start from the point that Ryu was interested in the Learning of Wang Yangming without being satisfied with the Neo-Confucianism. And I want to emphasize that he had a pragmatic view that was different from the orthodox scholars and that he was able to demonstrate his ability to cope with crisis even when Joseon was hit by the Japanese invasion of 1592. In short, this article seeks to re-examine Ryu's life in terms of pragmatism and realism which pursued a balance between learning and practice.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.391-415
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• 2008

This paper adopts a present basis of research on the Chinese characteristic culture of enterprise, phenomenon of learning, learning attitude and transferring of learning attitude, and forms a research model and hypothesis. There are three different types of Chinese enterprises basined on the research of Chinese intellectuals: legalistic organization, the ethic organization culture and seeking development organization culture, from which the legalistic organization culture has positive influence on the people level learning and structure level learning by the test of hypothesis. Ethnic organizational cultural has positive influence on the organization level; however, it never has any contributions to the people leanings. Seeking development organization culture benefits a lot to the people leanings, but it never has any positive influence on the organizational cultures.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.155-182
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of Islamization in Java, focusing on religious discourse among Muslim intellectuals. How Islamic tradition and knowledge have been perceived and utilized and how they have interacted with those of non-Islamic origin will be discussed. For this, three Islam-related books written in different phases of Islamization are to be analyzed: Babad Tanah Jawi compiled by Mataram court in the 17th century, Serat Cabolek written by a court poet in the late 18th or early 19th century, and Fikih Anti-korupsi published by reformist and scriptural organization of Muhammadiyah in 2006. Babad portrays conversion to Islam as a process which does not demand a dramatic outward change in religious practice. Scriptural tradition of Islam and the dichotomy between what is Islamic and what is not were not mentioned in order to explain conversion. Spiritual and mystical enlightenment was emphasized heavily, and for this, the importance of non-Islamic traditions was fully acknowledged. Serat tells us that this period was characterized by the surge of scriptural and shariah-minded Islam, maintenance of non-Islamic traditions, clashes between scriptural Islam and old religious traditions, and Javanese efforts to harmonize these. In Fikih, non-Islamic tradition is replaced by scriptural Islam and disappears totally. Interpretations based on the Scriptures, however, do not monopolize it and are used together with mode of analysis from the West. It is too much to call this 'intellectual syncretism', in that Islamic Scriptures and Western knowledge do not mix but stand side by side. Three books under examination reveal that the process of Islamization in Java has not been uniform. It has been conditioned and shaped by local socio-cultural and historical circumstances, where active engagement and intellectual exercise of Javanese Muslims have played key roles. Even Islamization in the last few decades is not an exception. The surge of scripturalism and fundamentalism does not simply bring about a move to Arabization. Interacting with local intellectual and socio-cultural milieu, this has produced a sort of intellectual hybridity, which is unique to Muslim society of Java.

• Korean Architects
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• s.539
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• pp.70-75
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• 2014

This study strives to seek the background in Ho-Seo Bank(HQ)'s foundation and its urban meaning. First, the thesis intends to understand the autonomous characteristics of Ho-Seo Bank which had been supported by Korean capitalists(landowners and merchants), keeping their pure capitals acquired by regular traditional marketplaces and farming works around Yesan. Second, through quantification data, it deals with reasons that the Ho-Seo Bank have been situated on a triangular corner that meets three roads toward a main thoroughfare toward Gongju to Hongseong, a railroad station, and a downtown area(Honmachi(本町通)) each. Third, it discusses the subsequent changes of Yesan's urban landscape that resulted from the Ho-Seo Bank's foundation(1913). In other words, thanks to a newly founded Ho-Seo Bank's headquarter(1922) and partly opening of a railway(Gyeongnam, 1922), Yesan became more advanced constructing both a political venue for a military police, a county office, et cetera, and then an educational place for schools. In conclusion, such urban phenomena shows there would be a dual combination between Korean people(aboriginal landowners and intellectuals) in autonomous efforts and Japanese officials in heteronomous controls. This thesis further contends that Ho-Seo Bank architecture itself reflects their status in the locality, who envisioned a 'cultural equality,' competing with Japanese aggressors, and its firm and massive form shows a new building type of bank architecture, literally representing the safeness and firmness, so differentiated from other buildings with the 'Secession' style in colonial areas under the control of the world powers.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.168-178
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• 2023

This study aims to develop and apply problem Based learning classes through skin beauty basics and practical classes to foster experts close to the beauty care field. Students are presented with a problem to solve in practice in the field of skin care, and in order to solve the problem, intellectuals try to come up with a solution to solve the problem jointly. Conduct skin beauty learning classes that apply problem-based learning to students, and analyze the effects after taking the classes. As a result of this study, by presenting actual problems in the field, scientists were able to actually do what experts do, and it was possible to come up with various solutions to a given problem in the future, and to share parts to expect problem-solving abilities. These results suggest that problem-solving and the problem-centered learning process for problem-solving have a positive effect on improving his problem-solving ability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2011

Although having only become a unified nation in latter 19th century, Germany saw a movement centered on intellectuals to find culture via mental revolution after experiencing much confusion amidst rapid urbanization and materialism. Having expressed as they are such psychological states as anger, sorrow, repression, etc., which arise in reality, by remaining faithful to instinctive sensibility, the form naturally becomes distorted or exaggerated and continues on the tradition of romanticism of a powerful, dark, and introverted atmosphere. Having been discontinued after being branded as 'decadent art' by the Nazis of Fascism, expressionist art has returned in latter 20th century mainly centered on Germany, and this merits our attention. While neo expressionists actively use various objets and media, they metaphorically express hope about Germany's culture and society by again placing on the screen figures, myths, and symbols using rough brush touch, rich colors, etc., which past expressionists enjoyed using to represent the inner world of humans. As such, by examining expressionism, which can be seen as the origin of neo expressionism, we will discover the context in which these people conform to Germany's traditional romanticism and how they inherited and developed it.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.193-207
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• 2008

The study investigates the co-authorship networks of MIS Quarterly as one of the leading journals in IS field and examines patterns of collaboration networks of the intellectuals. These issues are addressed through a systematic Social Network Analysis (SNA) of 242 articles published from 1996 to 2004 in MIS Quarterly. Results of co-authorship network analysis indicate that the whole incomplete network has a low degree of density. Thus, we analyzed three biggest sub-networks to find out who the key players of each sub-network are. Then, following the keyword classification scheme, relevant data from the articles were collected and coded to analyze three major co-authorship networks of MIS Quarterly community. Some implications are drawn from different research keywords of each sub-network.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-30
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• 2021

Recent years have witnessed various attempts of firms to acquire new knowledge. Purchasing intellectual property or merger and acquisition (M&A) can be such attempts, but joint venture can also be an effective way internalizing new complementary assets from external partners. However, due to difficulties in the formation and implementation of learning strategies, many joint ventures have failed to acquire necessary knowledge. In this respect, based on contingency theory and dynamic capability, the current research aims to investigate the failure case of knowledge transfer in an international joint venture - KEFICO established by Hyundai motors and BOSCH. Case firm optimized for hardware technology but did not establish a differentiated learning strategy and organizational structure to acquire software skills, which are intellectuals of different natures. Due to this inconsistency, it was not able for KEFICO to absorb new type of knowledge (skills related to engine control system). This study suggests the theoretical framework illustrating the case and provides some important implications for organizational learning.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.5
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• pp.43-80
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• 2007

PASKYULA was formed in September, 1923 through the union of artists involved in two art groups: Kim Ki-Jin, Kim Bok-Jin, Yeon Hak-Nyeon who had previously participated in the ToWolHoi, and Park Young-Hi, Lee Sang-Hwa, An Seok-Ju, former members of the BaeckJo. After its founding, the PASKYULA artists had been searching for the social function of art to reform the harsh reality of Minjung and the nation with criticism toward society as well as art world. Their art theory for MinJung could grow relatively ease in relation to changing social and political conditions in the early 1920s. In August, 1925, PASKYULA organized the Korea Artista Proletaria Federatio with the YeomGunSa, and laid the groundwork for Proletariat art movement which was regularized in the late 1920s. From PASKYULA up to the early state of KAPF, the theory of art advocated by Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju could be summarized as "art for MinJung". At that time, widely ranging discourses on MinJung, however, was spawned in art theory, because many intellectuals-including artists and writers-begun to pay more attention to MinJung, who emerged as one of the social forces after the Samil Independent Movement. Sometimes, MinJung was construed as the target of enlightenment from a negative viewpoint. On the other hand, several intellectuals under the influence of individualism asserted that the discussion itself on MinJung exerted an evil influence on art. In contrast of these cases, the PASKYULA artists including Kim Bok-Jin, An Seok-Ju perceived that MinJung had the potential to change society, and regarded them as "a creator of genuine civilization and art". In the PASKYULA artist's writings, the concept of MinJung was often overlapped with the meaning of the Choson nation suffering under colony. Although their concept of MinJung was transformed gradually into the proletariat as they were under the strong influence of socialism, it did not change that they grasped the realities of the whole Choson Peninsula through the proletarian consciousness. In the early state of PASKYULA, the methodology for social function of art was presented in a twofold manner. First of all, Kim Bok-Jin emphasized on the necessity of education to improve MinJung's way of life through art, and it was embodied by the organization of ToWol Art Workshop and public lecture. Also, he championed "the popularization of art", which was one of methods to distribute art to MinJung. According to the PASKYULA artists, art should be not art for art' sake but art for MinJung. That was why they advocated the convergence of art and MinJung's life. Especially Kim Bok-Jin affirmed a link between art and industry because he considered industry the field inextricably linked with MinJung's life. In this context, his idea could be read as the generalization and equalization within the framework of possession. Kim Bok-Jin thought that the social ramifications of capitalism deprived MinJung of their right to enjoy art, and emphasized the artist' social role to return the right to them. That is, the even distribution of art was mainly discussed than the contents of art in the half of 1920s. By 1925, the contents of art itself became an issue in the PASKYULA art theory, and it was based in realism. Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju insisted that art should be reflection of real life. At that time, realism acquired the representation of MinJung and the nation's realities not realistic style. In fact, the various Western art styles including Futurism, Constructivism, Cubism etc. were exploited in the PASKYULA's visual images. Western art, target of criticism on theory, was selectively adopted in the works which were produced by Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju. Kim Bok-Jin's MoonYeUnDong cover design was conceived of as the example in which Western art was adopted with it's ideology under the influence of MAVO, while Western art shown in An Seok-Ju's illustrations served as a decorative function in many cases. Especially, An Seok-Ju attempted the various styles of Western art simultaneously, which may be seen as representing that PASKYULA did not have a firm ideology for their style. Also, it can be read as showing his hasty zeal to overcome Western art rapidly. The wish to establish "art for MinJung" as soon as possible was accompanied with the will to jump over the all steps of Western art though it was superficial. This aspiration of PASKYULA was expressed through the mass media, which had the potential for communicating to MinJung. At this point, there was a significant disparity between PASKYULA and another art groups in the first half of 1920s. However, the PASKYULA's method on the basis of the mass media could not but have a certain limitation because of the medium's properties. Nevertheless, PASKYULA' attempts may be considered to be valuable in sense that they expended the boundaries of Korean modern art into the commercial art questioning the matter of the distribution for art.