• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 한국주거학회 1994년도 학술발표대회논문집 상
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• pp.45-50
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• 1994

The energy consumption in apartment houses is investigated according to the heating systems, that is, district, central, and individual heating systems. And, operating conditions of intermittent heating are surveryed and analysed in the central heating systems. As a result, each annual energy consumption of district, central and individual heating system is 143.56 Mcal/m2year, 216.78 Mcal/m2year and 150.68 Mcal/m2year, Also, the heating is generlly started at 04:00 and 17:00 of each day, and the heating system is operated for 2~3 hours per each time.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

For the more comfortable thermal environment in residential buildings, it was necessary for variable components like as automatic flow limiting valves and/or balancing valves in hydronic system. And, these components had an effect on flow-rate and pressure inside pipe. In this case, the incompatibility between the design for the heating system and the selection of equipment was the causes of several problems in heating pipe network. In this study, we peformed measurements and analyses of flow rate and pressure inside pipe for radiant floor heating in residential buildings through field surveys and experiments in order to find out the actual conditions and problems. On the basis of this, we suggested the approach for the optimal flow-rate and pressure maintaining inside pipe in individual heating system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2016

Continuing to the modeling of heating load, this paper, as the second part of consecutive works, presents LS-SVM (least square support vector machine) based model of winter time apartment hot water supply load in a district heating system, so as to be used in prediction of heating energy usage. Similar, but more severely, to heating load, hot water supply load varies in highly nonlinear manner. Such nonlinearity makes analytical model of it hardly exist in the literatures. LS-SVM is known as a good modeling tool for the system, especially for the nonlinear system depended by many independent factors. We collect 26,208 data of hot water supply load over a 13-week period in winter time, from 12 heat exchangers in seven different apartments. Then part of the collected data were used to construct LS-SVM based model and the rest of those were used to test the formed model accuracy. In modeling, we first constructed the model of district heating system's hot water supply load, using the unit heating area's hot water supply load of seven apartments. Such model will be used to estimate the total hot water supply load of which the district heating system needs to provide. Then the individual apartment hot water supply load model is also formed, which can be used to predict and to control the energy consumption of the individual apartment. The results obtained show that the total hot water supply load, which will be provided by the district heating system in winter time, can be predicted within 10% in MAPE (mean absolute percentage error). Also the individual apartment models can predict the individual apartment energy consumption for hot water supply load within 10% ~ 20% in MAPE.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2004

In Korea, the radiant heating system has been widely used as a residential heating method, which has been modernized to use hot water running into the tubes embedded in the floor structure. According to the recent improvement of living standard of residential buildings, the requirement of the thermal comfort and energy saving in heating system has been raised. Until now, the radiant floor heating system has been controlled by room thermostat installed in the living room, but for better thermal comfort, an individual room control method is adopted as an alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the control performance between the current control method and the individual room control method. In this study, the control performance between the two systems is evaluated through the field experiment. And the control performances of room air temperature and energy performances are analyzed through the simulation using TRNSYS. Firstly, the simulations are performed in the various outdoor conditions and the flow rates and the simulation results are analyzed for the control performances. Also, to evaluate the energy performance, the simulations are performed under the operating conditions in which the set-point of the room air temperature is fixed or changed according to the schedule of occupancy, and the simulation results are analyzed between the two methods.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2012

The aim of the study is to estimate the management costs of apartments by the types of heating systems(individual, central, district heating system). Multiple regression analysis was adapted and the used data are derived from 128 apartment complexes in Daegeon-si. The results are as follows; first, the management cost is decreased as a size of apartment is larger, second, the costs of general maintenance, security and repairing of buildings are lower in individual heating system. however, there is no significant differences in cleaning costs by the types of heating systems.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.650-655
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• 2009

In this study, a consumer willingness to pays for residential heating systems are estimated by economic valuation method. The major Korean residential heating systems in apartments are central heating system (CH), district heating system (DH), and individual heating system (IH). However, DH and IH systems are adopted in newly constructed apartments. Each heating system has own characteristics which residents can identify and value. 700 households in apartment were surveyed to analyze the preference of the residential heating systems and to estimate willingness to pay. We find that the households in DH system are more satisfied with their heating system than the households in other systems overall and that consumers prefer an apartment with DH system than with IH system and the willingness to pay for IH system is less than DH system. The results indicate that DH system has the relative premium which may be caused by the safety and the convenience to manage the system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.113-136
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a scheme for standardization of the apartment management expenses levy focused on the apartments of the individual heating system in Busan. The researcher with apartment managers and executive secretaries of Busan Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice performed a scheme for standardization through discussion of 20 times as well as investigation of theoretical literature. This scheme for standardization was based on the Act for Community of Dwelling Houses. It is