• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to create a 3D avatar from 3D human body shape data using the CLO 3D virtual clothing program and to verify the feasibility of avatar production using the virtual clothing system for verifying size and shape. The research method was to select one virtual representative model that is the closest to the mean size of each body item for each age group. Using the 3D human body scan shape of a 40-69 years old male was applied to the CLO 3D virtual wearing system. Using the CLO 3D Avatar conversion menu, we verified the feasibility of creating a 3D avatar that reproduces the human body scan shape. In the dimension comparison between the 3D avatar and the fictitious representative model, the dimension difference was noticeable in height, circumference, and length. However, as a result, the converted 3D avatar showed less than a 5% difference in most human dimensions. In addition, since the body shape and posture were reproduced similarly, the utilization of the avatar was verified.

• 소음진동
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2000

The evaluation of the ride quality had been performed by the subjective method before ISO2631(International Organization for Stadard 2631) and BS6841(British Standard 6841) was precented, but many research programs have been performed by the objective method after that. On this study, the ride quality was evaluated related with the objective method which considered the vibration which the human body feels on the driver's seat while driving on the road. In particular, we made the shock absorber nonlinear model and also selected the suitable shock absorber in the part of the vibration which the human body feels into the simulation. The shock absorber of suspension was dealt with 3 cases respectively with the front wheel and rear wheel. The vibration of the car driving on the road can be transferred to the wheel, the suspension, the vehicle body, the seat and the human body. The signal which was gained from the seat(hip) and the floor(foot) of the human body was changed to the vibration signal which the human body felt through using the frequency weighting function. And then the performance of the shock absorber was calculated through the statistic processing.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2017

Plato and Aristotle examined what the true spirit of physical education is and what kind of relationship it is, from the perspective of dividing into two parts of the body and mind. And the relationship between human body and mind, knowledge and behavior. Plato and Aristotle examined the harmonious combination of body and mind and what is the desirable relationship setting. In Plato's soul and body in philosophical centered ideological aspect, human education center emphasizes poetry education, but physical education is recognized as essential education for human education. Plato's body contour emphasizes the harmony of soul and body, not the superiority of the body to the mind. In Plato's education room, physical education should be preceded and then mental education should be done. I thought that there could be no independent souls without bodies. It is not an independent entity but a unified entity. Because there is a body, there is a soul. There is a soul, so a body exists. Aristotle thought that the body was more important than Plato, and that the body should be preceded by the soul.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.477-482
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• 2001

Until now, it has not been well known for Far-infrared(FIR) how to affect to the human body. We introduced and presumed the mechanism of FIR based on molecular biology in this study, as below. The human body is composed of proteins which get easily changed by a thermal factor (about 42 $^{\circ}$C over). FIR with low temperature can deeply penetrate on the human body composed things without troublesome, since FIR has effectively operated on the human body at low temperature (35-40 $^{\circ}$C). When FIR penetrated on the human body, it would inhibit the abnormal genes and cells expression, and then information of DNA and RNA would be reexpressed for arranging DNA and RNA abnormal state. As FIR's receptors in the body, it colud be presumed that N-glycosyl linkage of purine and deoxyribose, RNA splicing process, and heat shock protein.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2001

오늘날 워크맨, 모비일폰, 노트북PC, PDA와 같은 제품들은 우리 몸과 함께 이동하고, 인터넷과 같은 가상헤계에서는 아바타(Avatar)라는 우리의 분신이 사이버상에서 우리들 육체를 대신해 행동하고 있다. 이러한 제품들은 우리 인간의 몸과 관련된 것들이며, 이렇게 인간의 몸에 물리적으로 붙으며 아울러 정신적 결합의 의미를 가지는 것을 인간과 제품의 결합이라 할 때에, 이러한 제품들을 현실과 가상을 포괄한 인간과 제품의 결합관계로서 접근하여 알아볼 필요성이 있다. 연구결과로서 고대로부터 지금 현재까지 인간의 몸과 결합한다고 하는 제품들을 꾸준히 발견할 수 있었고, 최근에 와서 그 양상은 긴밀한 관계로서 결합과 이동성향이 강하게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 이러한 배경에는 사회문화적으로 이분법적 사고의 붕괴, 혼성모방, 사이버문화, 테크노문화, 정보유목민개념 등이 나옴에 따라 인간과 기계의 구분이 모호해지는 현상과, 제품이 소형화되고 인간을 흉내 모방하거나 네트워크화되어 인간과의 결합성향이 더욱 가속화되는 변화에 있다. 따라서 상호간 결합성향이 더욱 가속화되는 변화에 있다. 따라서 상호간 결합성향이 짙어감에 따라 인간의 몸과 제품을 하나로 바라보아 신체적, 정신적측면, 제품적 특성을 모두 포용한 가장 적절한 복합체로서 접근하는 상호결합적 관점으로서의 변화가 필요하다. 상호결합제품은 인간의 정신, 육체와 전적, 부분적으로 결합하여 인간의 몸을 중심으로 물리적 안착을 하여 지속적 접촉을 가지는 것이라 정의할 수 있다. 그 결과 이동성을 가지는 고대의 도구들은 단순이 인간의 기능확장에 머무르고 신체와 관련된 결합들이 많았으나, 현재로 올수록 신체와 정신에 동시결합하는 제품들이 많아지고 있다. 이러한 제품들은 인간의 몸과 결합방식별로 여러가지 형태로 결합하고 있으며, 기능이 중층화되고 인간의 몸과 물리적으로 가까와지거나 커뮤니케이션형태가 고도화되고, 기존에 인간의 몸에 잇던 제품들을 통해 재발생되는 형식을 취하고 있다. 또한 제품들간에 적외선, 무선통신 같은 방식을 토해 교신하고 있으며, 외형발산성향이 강하여 장신구나 옷과 같이 변하고, 가상아바타의 경우 인간의 육체를 모방하고 인간의 행동을 대신하는 특징을 가지고 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제5권8호
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• pp.977-989
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the human body having more muscles than its degree-of-freedom modulates an effective stiffness using redundant actuation, and to apply this concept to the design and control of advanced machines which requires adaptable spring. To investigate the adaptable stiffness phenomenon due to redundant actuation in the human body, this paper derives a general stiffness model of the Human body. In particular, for a planar 1 DOF human arm model, a planar 2 DOF human arm model, a spherical 3 DOF shoulder model, a 4 DOF human arm model, and a 7 DOF human arm model, the required nonlinear geometry ad the number of required actuator for successful modulation of the effective stiffness are analyzed along with a load distribution method for modulation of the required stiffness of such systems. Secondly, the concept of motion frequency modulation is introduced to show the usefulness of adaptive stiffness modulation. The motion frequency modulation represents a control of stiffness and / or inertia properties of systems. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, simulations are performed for 2 DOF anthropomorphic robot.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.5-50
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• 2006

인간의 신체는 단순한 육체적 몸을 넘어서 온갖 삶의 역사를 담은 상징체이다. 특히 예술 표현을 위해 신체를 사용하는 수많은 예들을 통해 볼 때, 즉 예술의 대상으로서 신체를 포착하거나, 자신의 생각을 전달하기 위해 신체 행위를 드러내거나 간에 시간과 장소를 포함한 삶의 지시체와 같은 역할을 해왔다. 이러한 신체에 대한 입장은 사실 그리 오래된 관점이 아니다. 1960년대 이래 이성과 사유의 힘을 중심화 하던 모더니즘의 사유 패러다임이 쇠퇴하고 감성과 감각의 중요성이 부각되면서 오랜 동안 정신의 시녀였던 신체가 탈분화적 관점에서 하나의 실체로서 주목하게 되면서부터이다. 이는 현대미술의 흐름에서 1940년대 이후 액션페인팅(Action Painting)에서부터 신체행위의 중요성이 제기되고 1960년대 액셔니즘(Actionism)과 플럭서스(Fluxus)의 빈번한 퍼포먼스(Performance)에서 신체는 표현의 중요한 매체가 되었다. 이브 클랭(Yves Kline)의 신체와 그 흔적에 의한 개념적 작업에서 시작되어, 1970년대 본격화된 바디아트(Body Art)에서 신체는 보다 확고한 예술의 매체로 부각된다. 이후 1980년대 만개한 페미니즘(Feminism)과 1990년대 파편화되고 해체된 신체미술의 경향들로 이어졌다. 이러한 흐름에서 볼 때 신체는 지시적 의미의 단계를 넘어서 개인의 정체성으로부터 세계상을 함축하여 드러낼 수 있는 단서로 간주된다. 특히 1980년대 이후 페미니즘(Feminism)적 경향의 키키 스미스(Kiki Smith)는 신체의 확장된 의미를 제시해주는 대표적 작가들로 그들의 작품을 연구 대상으로 하게 되었다. 이러한 배경 아래 키키스미스의 작품 세계를 고찰하기 위해, 신체를 통해 의미의 지평이 열리는 객관적 방법을 모색한 결과, 기호학과 신체론에 대한 고찰이 필요하다는 사실을 인식하게 되었다. 즉 신체를 객관화하여 가장 기초적인 수준에서 표현적인 부분과 내용적인 부분을 구조적으로 나누어 그 관계에 의해 의미가 발생하게 되는 과정을 기호와 텍스트의 개념에서 시작하였다. 나아가 이 표현면과 내용면의 구조적인 결합방식을 그레마스(A. J. Greimas)의 구조의미론에서 다룸으로써 의미의 확장을 위한 토대론적 작업을 구축하였다. 한편, 신체론에서는 세계와의 관계항으로서 신체를 조망하게 해준 메를로-퐁티(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)의 현상학(Phenomenology)과 애브젝션(abjection)의 개념을 통해 해체와 파편의 신체를 전달하게 해준 줄리아 크리스테바(Julia Kristeva)의 논의가 구조의미론적 분석을 해석으로 확장시키는 데 중요한 기여를 하였다. 키키 스미스는 1980년대 중반 죽음에 대한 서사에서 시작된 이중화와 파편화의 신체로부터 상처받을 수 있는 신체의 비천함이 구체적으로 드러난 1990년대 그리고 상처의 치유에 이르는 종교와 신화로 이어지는 2000년대 이후의 과정을 보여주었다.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2004

A precise understanding of the human form in static pose serves as the basis of designing clothing. When the human body is in motion, however, even an article of clothing designed to fit the human form in static pose can pull and change, thus restricting the body. In order to increase the fit of the clothing, which may be termed the second skin, its form and measurements therefore must be determined in correlation not only with the formal characteristics of the human body, in static pose but also with its functional characteristics in motion, as caused by the movements of the human body. In this study, the motion factor was selected as the primary basis for designing slacks with good fit in both static and moving states. By indentifying the areas in which lower limb movement cause significant changes in body surface lines, we suggest several application methods for designing slacks. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Body parts whose measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. The results of this study are as follows. First, changes in body surface lines caused by lower limb movements were significant in all body surface lines of the lower trunk, both horizontal and vertical, with the exception of abdomen girth, midway thigh girth, ankle girth, hip length, and posterior knee girth. Second, significantly expanded 10 body surface lines in moving pose were detected and illustrated in table 4. These body parts should be studied in designing or pattern designing, especially for close-fitting pants, in using stretch fabric, and in sensory evaluation of good fit during movement.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.895-906
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• 2000

The study planned to testify the accuracy of the 3D scanner through analyzing the human body measurement method and the evaluation of flare skirt with 3D scanner. The results obtained from this study were as follows; First, the results of measurement for the dress form and human body by 3D scanner were more accurate than one or two dimensional measurement method. Second, from the results of the scan for the flare skirts as worn the human body, we could obtain very accurate horizontal section map. Third, in the clothing ergonomics viewpoint, the accuracy of the 3D scanner was very excellent and its utility was higher than that of the moir photography method. Therefore, the 3D scanner is very useful for the human body measurement and the wearing evaluation. In a nutshell, this study illustrates that we have to develop a program of automatic human body measurement system which will enhance the application of the 3D scanner.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2004

This study presents a hazard assessment of the human body exposed to electic shock considering various parameters which affect severity of the electric shock. The present study has two research objectives; one is no analyze hazards of the human body by the elctric shock both on the ground and in the water. The other is to understand the mechnism of the electric shock. In order to achieve these objectives the hazard of shock is estimated by comparing with physiological effects of electric curren througn the human body according to variation of shock parameters of shock circuits. The shock parameters adopted in this paper consist of body resistance, resistance of protective equipment, ground resistance, shock duration, depth of gound surface layer, relection factor, permissible touch voltage, body current and body voltage. Besides, safety standard determining hazard degree of the human body is introduced. And hazard of the human body due to the electric shock is quantitatibely assessed in consideration of data obtained by the method suggested herein, and final results are presented and discussed.