• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.198-201
• /
• 2010

Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus is one of the indigenous medicinal plant and the fruits of Acanthopanax spp. used as a remedial for "wipe out evil wind". Two anthocyanin were isolated from the fruits of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus. Their structures were elucidated as cyanidin 3-lathyroside (1) and cyanidin 3-galactoside (2) by chemicophysical and spectroscopic analysis. And also, four chemical, syringin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and acanthoside D were identified. Both anthocyanide were isolated for the first time from Acanthopanax species. cyanidin 3-lathyroside is one of the rare anthocyanin in natural resources.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.108-112
• /
• 1984

Quality characteristics of fruits and vegetables were investigated by physical, chemical and sensory evaluations. Firmness of tomato fruits tended to be reduced as their maturity or ripeness stage progressed. Sensory evaluation revealed that raw tomatoes were the most acceptable at pink or light red stage. Specific gravity was highly correlated with mealiness. Emphasis was placed on the basic study forming the foundation of national quality standards of raw fruits and vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.737-754
• /
• 2019

Peaches have soft tissues compared to other fruits and are vulnerable to softness, wounds, and loss of marketability due to the weak fruit hardness after harvest. It is necessary to develop a technology to improve the shelf-life of the fruit to expand the distribution of peaches. Calcium compounds and chitosan have an important role in improving the shelf-life of fruit by maintaining the hardness and reducing the respiration rate in peach fruits. In this study, to select useful compounds to improve the shelf-life of peaches, calcium citrate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, GH-Ca, OS-Ca, chitosan, and chitosan dissolved in calcium chloride were sprayed onto peach trees. The characteristics of the harvested fruits were investigated after the 'Kumhong' and 'Madoka' peach tree treatments. The hardness of the fruit was kept the highest with the combined treatment and remained high with the calcium citrate, chitosan and calcium nitrate treatments. Ethylene production and respiration were effectively inhibited by the GH-Ca and chitosan treatments. There was no significant difference in soluble solids content and acidity among the fruits treated with the chemicals. The coloration of the fruit skin was not delayed by the calcium and chitosan chemical treatments. Calcium compounds were increased in the fruits and leaves of the peach trees treated with the chemicals compared to the untreated ones. These results suggest that the calcium treatment extended the shelf-life by increasing the calcium content in the leaves and fruits of the peach trees.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2014

'Hanareum' pear is expected to produce the high quality small and medium-sized fruits without any major changes in the current cultivation techniques, inasmuch as its basic characteristics are already included in the range of small and medium-sized fruits. Thus, we tested the possibility of utilization of 'Hanareum' pear for producing small and medium-sized fruits, while establishing the limit of minimum fruit weight for the fruits in high quality. With the results of correlation analysis, it was possible to predict the fruit weight through the observation of soluble solid contents and flesh firmness, because both factors were closely correlated to fruit weight in all treatments. Moreover, these factors were confirmed to be useful indicators of forecasting consumer preference in the sensory evaluation. The fruit marketability was excellent under the conditions that were greater than $11.6^{\circ}Bx$ and less than 25.6 N for soluble solid contents and flesh firmness, respectively. When applying these standards of fruit quality to the results of regression analysis for fruit weight, non-treated fruits fulfilled both standards when the fruit weight was higher than 436 g, and the quality uniformity was also high on this state. Therefore, the production of high quality small and medium-sized fruits was determined to be under this condition. The weight limit for GA treated fruits was 620 g, and both fruit quality and uniformity were below the weight range of small and medium-sized fruits, with 300~500 g. Thus, GA treatment was suggested to be avoided, in order to produce the high quality small and medium-sized fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.316-327
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake, physical characteristics, and health status according to daily fruits and vegetables intake of adolescents using the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey for the sixth period (2013~2015). Subjects were 1,096 adolescents aged 13~18 years. The average daily intake of fruits and vegetables was $518.49{\pm}4.94g$. The two groups (insufficient, sufficient) were divided by fruits and vegetables intake (<500 g/day, ${\geq}500g/day$) and the ratio of the insufficient group was 75.9% while that of the adequate group was 24.1%. The mean of intake of energy, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C and dietary fiber differed significantly between the insufficient and sufficient groups (P<0.01, P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in physical characteristics between groups. The self-perceived health status was better in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the insufficient group was aware of more stress in their daily life (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride was significantly higher in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the total cholesterol was lower (P<0.05). As the characteristics of fruits and vegetables are different, it will be necessary to determine standards for consumption of each type. It is also necessary to consider whether a fruits and vegetables intake of 500 g would be a reasonable standard for adolescents. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate efforts to increase fruits and vegetables intake by young people are necessary.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.746-754
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to assess the effect of ethylene producing tablet (patent no.10-1574011) and treatment period on quality and storability of banana (AAA - Cavendish group) fruit imported into Korea from the Philippines. Three and five days of treatment periods, and different concentrations of ethylene tablet (50 ppmv, 100 ppmv) and control (standard ethylene gas treatment at a concentration of 100 ppmv) were used for the study. Slightly higher respiration rate was observed in banana fruits treated with 50 ppmv in both 3 and 5 days after treatments as compared to the control. Better storability was observed with banana fruits treated with 50 ppmv and 100 ppmv as compared to the control. All the treatments were shown a decrease in firmness as the storage days proceeded. The highest firmness was recorded from 50 ppmv on the initial day of storage while the lowest was recorded from 100 ppmv on 9 day storage. It was observed that banana fruits could be stored for up to 12 days without losing their color quality in all treatments except for the control. However, the quality of fruits at the control rapidly decreased (lost marketability) after 9 days of storage. Banana fruits treated with ethylene tablet with 100 ppmv for 5 days recorded the highest soluble solids content (SSC) at the beginning of storage period which was similar with the control. However, banana fruits treated with ethylene tablet with 100 ppmv for 3 days showed better storability than the control. On the other hand, ethylene tablet with 50 ppmv for 5 days of treatment has extended banana shelf life without affecting peel color, firmness and SSC content. Hence, these results indicate that banana fruits treated with ethylene tablet with 100 ppmv for 3 days or /and 50 ppmv for 5 days are an optimum for ripening of banana to be used for market and ultimate consumption.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.488-494
• /
• 1999

The changes in firmness, mineral compositions and pectic substances of Mume(Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) fruits during maturation were determined. An average weight of the fruits in 92days after full bloom was increased during maturation proceeded up to the range of 212∼232%, as compared with that of 64days. The rate of weight increase of 'Ohshuku' fruits was 257%, and it was highest among four varieties. The ratio of stone to flesh weight was decreased, but the diameter of the flesh of fruits was increased during maturation. The firmness of 'Koume' fruits was rapidly decreased from 78days after full bloom. Three varieties, except 'Koume' fruits, showed similar changes in firmness. Potassium content of fruits was 85%. Calcium and Mg were decreased as the flesh of fruits became plump. The ratios of hydrochloric acid-soluble pectin(HSP) , water-soluble pectin(WSP), sodium hexamethaphosphate-soluble pectin(PSP), and sodium hydroxode-soluble pectin(SSP) contents to the total pectin content of the fruits were 66∼76, 8.4∼19.7, 5.4∼7.5 and 7.1∼8.3%, respectively. The total pectin content was increased up to 71days after full bloom, but it was decreased thereafter. Also, a significant increase of WSP and a decrease of HSP were observed during the softening process of fruits.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2002

A survey on Korean families′purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables was conducted to increase understanding of families′food decision making. Two hundred ninety seven families with at least one elementary-school age child were selected from four elementary schools to complete a questionnaire during April, 2001 in Gyeongju, Korea. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, T-test, and ANOVA statistics were used to analyze the data. The major findings are as follows: Families bought fresh fruits and vegetables at the public markets or the farmer′s markets and a large supermarket most frequently in both summer and winter. Families grew produce by themselves and bought them from farmers directly least frequently in both summer and winter. Families whose housewives had less than middle school education brought fruits and vegetables from Agricultural Co-ops and grew thens by themselves more frequently compared to those who had higher education. On the other hand, families whose housewives had graduated from 4 year college bought fruits and vegetables from large supermarkets more frequently compared to those who had lesser education. "Quality"and "safety production"of fruits and vegetables and "clean environment of store"were the three most important factors when they decided the place to buy fruits and vegetables. "Being treated as a valuable customer" and "ease of finding things"were the two least important factors. Families whose housewives were in their thirties valued "cleanness of the store"and "being treated as a valuable customer"important factors when they decided the place. Families whose housewives had less than middle school education thought that price, availability of public transportation, and availability of locally grown food were the important factors for deciding the place compared to those who had higher education. The price was the factor which low-income families thought important for decision making on the place to buy fruits and vegetables.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 2015

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. Because citrus canker is not found in many countries including European Union and Australia, Xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. In this study, the effects of X-irradiation on Xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were investigated. The suspension containing $1{\times}10^7cfu/ml$ of Xcc was irradiated with different absorbed doses of X-irradiation ranging from 50 to 400 Gy. The results showed that Xcc was fully dead at 400 Gy of X-irradiation. To determine the effect of X-irradiation on quarantine, the Xcc-inoculated citrus fruits were irradiated with different X-ray doses at which Xcc was completely inhibited by an irradiation dose of 250 Gy. The $D_{10}$ value for Xcc on citrus fruits was found to be 97 Gy, indicating the possibility of direct application on citrus quarantine without any side sterilizer. Beside, presence of Xcc on the surface of asymptomatic citrus fruits obtained from citrus canker-infected orchards was noted. It indicated that the exporting citrus fruits need any treatment so that Xcc on the citrus fruits should be completely eliminated. Based on these results, ionizing radiation can be considered as an alternative method of eradicating Xcc for export of citrus fruits.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.643-648
• /
• 2006

This study was designed to analyze the election donating ability(EDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, nitrite scavenging ability and xanthine oxidase for food nutritional evaluation and excavation of functional materials in fruits of Elaeagnus multiflora THUNB. The electron donating ability of ethanol extracts in the 1.0 mg/ml concentration of extract was higher in extract of unripe fruits than others. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was increased according to increasing of the extract concentration. The SOD-like activity was highest in the extract of unripe fruits among the extracts. The nitrite scavenging ability of unripe fruits ethanol extracts in 1.0 mg/ml of extraction solution in pH 1.2 was higher than extract of ripe and Ovenipe fruits. The nitrite scavenging ability was decreased according to increasing of pH. Also, inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity were higher in extracts of unripe fruits than those in extract of ripe and over-ripe fruits.