• 종양간호연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to use as a basic data to develop suitable nursing intervention program and decide an appropriate intervention time after assessing shoulder range of motion in postmastectomy from 2 weeks to 3 month. 147 patients are chosen as study subject among patients who were in recovery of 2weeks, 1month, 2months and 3 months after surgical operation which is modified radical mastectomy. Data were collected at oncology medicine local and general surgery local in Seoul National University Hospital from May, 2003 to October, 2003. The range of motion of the shoulder(flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation) were examined. Analysis of data that shoulder range of motion average and standard deviation, percentage of the unaffected side and affected side compare with normal shoulder range of motion. Paired t-test was adopted to analyze the difference between affected side and unaffected side. Conclusion from this study is as following, 1. The most serious problem was external rotation (0.56%) and internal rotation is the next (19.9%) in 5 kinds of shoulder range of motion in 2 weeks after surgical operation 2. There was no difference in internal rotation after post operation 3 months but there were differences and shown to recover more than 90% in flexion and abduction. Also shoulder function incresed in flextion less than 80% and more than 80% in external rotation. As this study finding was shown that shoulder range of motion did not get back perfectly except of internal rotation and extension in point of 3 months after breast cancer surgical operation. External rotation was specially shown the lowest result so it is needed to exercise for improving their physical functioning recovery in postmastectomy patients. And it is suggested to study for helping to postmastectomy patients' physical and psycosocial functions with the early rehabilitation program which is based on these results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.2995-2999
• /
• 2016

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often presents as an interval cancer with short survival upon metastasis and thus represents an important clinical challenge. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic characteristics and long term survival outcome of early and locally advanced TNBC. Materials and Methods: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 148 consecutive confirmed cases of TNBC treated in a single unit at our centre. Demographic profile, tumor type, histopathology details, treatment and follow-up information was recorded and immunohistochemistry was performed. Results: Age group >50 years was associated with tumors of clinical stage 3 (53.8%), pathological stage 3 (46.2%), pathological grade 3 (45.7%), presence of extracapsular extension (ECE, 48.5%) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI, 64.9%). Locally advanced breast cancers (LABCs) were characterized by pathological stage 3 (96.2%), presence of ECE (100%) and absence of LVI (46.7%) as compared to early breast cancers (EBCs) which had higher incidence of lower stage tumors (100%), absence of ECE (82%) and presence of LVI (91.9%; p-value <0.001. Better relapse free survival was observed in patients with no axillary involvement (69%; p-value <0.001) and absence of ECE (64%; p-value <0.001). Improved overall survival was seen in patients with EBC (90%; p-value 0.008), clear axilla (86%; p-value <0.001), absence of ECE (87%; p-value <0.001) and negative lymph nodes (90%; p-value 0.006). Conclusions: TNBCs are aggressive tumors which show poor long term survival. Patients with TNBC benefit from chemotherapy, thus better and less toxic treatment options are needed. Identification of newer targets and development of targeted therapies are the need of the hour.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 1998

진단적 I-131 스캔에서 유방의 섭취는 주로 수유 여성에서 보인다고 알려져 있으나 수유 여부와는 관련 없이 나타나는 경우도 보고되어 있다. 갑상선 암으로 갑상선 절제술 후 I-131 치료를 위해 시행한 진단적 스캔에서 유방의 섭취를 보인 환자에서 고프로락틴 혈증에 의한 유류증의 발견 및 이를 근거로한 뇌 단층 촬영상 Empty sella가 진단되어 이를 bromocriptine으로 치료한 후, 유방 섭취의 소실이 확인 되어 I-131 치료를 시행한 경우가 있어 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2013

해조류 에탄올 생산공정에서 남은 부산물을 사료화하기 위하여 부산물을 육계에 급여하여 사료가치를 평가하고자 시험하였다. 공시동물로 소형 육계(백세미) 초생추(1일령) 225수를 공시하였다. 시험구 편성은 육계 사료를 급여한 처리구를 Control로 하고, 전체 사료량에서 부산물 5% 혼합한 처리구를 5% SEPPB, 10% 혼합한 처리구를 10% SEPPB로 3처리로 분류하고, 처리구별 5반복 반복별 15수씩 공시하여 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 증체량은 2주령까지는 처리구 간에 차이가 없었으나, 3주령에서 10% SEPPB에 비해 Control과 5% SEPPB에서 각각 6.2%, 11.4% 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 5주령에서는 5% SEPPB에서 Control에 비해 32.3% 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 가슴살의 육질특성 분석에서 pH는 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB과 10% SEPPB에서 각각 2.5%, 2.3% 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 전단력은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB와 10% SEPPB에서 각각 31.3%, 14.7%로 유의적으로 낮았고 가열감량은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB과 10% SEPPB에서 14.4%로 유의적으로 낮았다(P>0.05). 가슴살의 일반성분 분석에서 수분, 조단백질, 조회분의 함량은 처리구 간에 차이가 없었으나, 조지방은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB에서 6.8% 높았으며(P<0.05), 지방산 함량은 stearic acid가 10% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았고(P<0.05), linolenic acid는 5% SEPPB 및 10% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 혈청 내 Interleukin-2(IL-2)의 함량은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB에서 약 44%, 10% SEPPB에서 약 36%로 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), Interleukin-6(IL-6)의 함량은 Control와 5% SEPPB에서는 유사하였으나, 10% SEPPB에서 약 62% 정도의 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 혈청화학치 조사에서 Albumin의 함량은 5% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 다음으로 Control, 10% SEPPB 순으로 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과에서 해조류 에탄올 공정 부산물은 사료로써 가치가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 높은 면역활성을 일으키는 물질이 함유되고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of a PNF intervention using elastic bands on edema, range of motion (ROM), and pain in post-mastectomy patients with upper limb lymphedema, according to their hand grip type. Methods: The subjects were 14 female patients who were at Stage II lymphedema after undergoing mastectomy for Stage II breast cancer. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (n =7) and a control group (n = 7). Both groups participated in a treatment program four times (one time under the therapist's instructions and three times as self-exercise) a week for 4 weeks. Both groups repeated an upper limb PNF pattern exercise for 30 min using elastic bands after receiving a manual lymph drainage treatment for 1 hour. Here, subjects in the experimental group performed the PNF exercise with an open-hand grip by putting their hands into the loops of elastic bands and keeping their fingers spread out. Subjects in the control group performed the PNF exercise with a closed-hand grip by holding the loops of elastic bands with their fingers. In both groups, the subjects' edema, ROM, and pain levels were measured before the intervention and 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results: As a result of the experiment, both groups demonstrated edema reductions, ROM increases, and pain reductions in four areas of the upper limbs. Notably, the experimental group exhibited larger ROM increases in flexion, extension, and abduction as well as greater edema and pain reductions than the control group. In particular, the most significant effects were found in the elbow of the four upper limb areas for edema reductions and in extension for ROM increases. Conclusion: The present study indicates that exercise therapy-based approaches using elastic bands in post-mastectomy patients with upper limb lymphedema can have different effects depending on the type of hand grip (open or closed), which is the body's most distal part. Therefore, these approaches should be based on the conditions of the distal parts of the patient's body for their effective applications in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제65권1호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2022

Objective : To study the factors relating to operative treatment for spinal metastasis in Thailand during 2005-2014 and to determine the hospital costs, mortality rate, and incidence of perioperative complication. Methods : Inpatient reimbursement data from 2005 to 2014 was reviewed from three national healthcare organizations, including the National Health Security Office, the Social Security Office, and the Comptroller General's Department. The search criteria were secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow patients (International Classification of Diseases 10th revision, Thai modification codes [ICD 10-TM], C79.5 and C79.8) who underwent spinal surgical treatment (ICD 9th revision, clinical modification procedure with extension codes [ICD 9-CM], 03.0, 03.4, 03.09, and 81.0) during 2005-2014. Epidemiology, comorbidity, and perioperative complication were analyzed. Results : During the study period, the number of spinal metastasis patients who underwent operative treatment was significantly increased from 0.30 to 0.59 per 100000 (p<0.001). More males (56.14%) underwent surgical treatment for spinal metastasis than females. The most common age group was 45-64 (55.1%). The most common primary tumor sites were the unknown origin, lung, breast, prostate, and hepatocellular/bile duct. Interestingly, the proportion of hepatocellular/bile duct, breast, and lung cancer was significantly increased (p<0.001). The number of patients who had comorbidity or in-hospital complication significantly increased over time (p<0.01); however, the in-hospital mortality rate decreased. Conclusion : During the last decade, operative treatment for spinal metastasis increased in Thailand. The overall in-hospital complication rate increased; however, the in-hospital mortality rate decreased.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of upper extremity volume, pain, and range of motion after participation in thera-band exercises according to the hand grip type in patients with breast cancer with upper extremity edema. We also aimed to determine the most efficient type of grip. Methods : The subjects were 10 female patients diagnosed with stage 2 breast cancer who had stage 2 lymphedema. Randomly, 5 patients each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. For six weeks, the patients in both the experimental and control groups exercised daily. In both groups, manual lymph drainage was applied for 1 hour. Afterward, patients in the experimental group placed their hands in the thera-band ring and exercised with their fingers outstretched. Patients in the control group exercised while holding the thera-band ring with a finger. Both the experimental group and the control group underwent measurements of the circumference of the upper extremity, pain, and range of motion of the shoulder joint at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 before and after exercise. Results : The upper arm circumference decreased by more in the experimental group in all weeks than before than that in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference at 6 weeks. Compared with the difference between pre-exercise and 6 weeks post-exercise, the change in pain significantly decreased in the experimental group and showed a statistically significant difference. The shoulder range of motion increased in extension, external rotation, and internal rotation compared with that in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference. Although the operating range increased in flexion and abduction, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion : In this study, we found that thera-band exercises with an open-hand grip are more efficient than thera-band exercises with a closed-hand grip in edema reduction, pain, and range of motion. In addition, it was found that it was more effective to continue the thera-band exercises with open-hand grip extended for at least 6 weeks rather than for a short time.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.203-206
• /
• 2002

Metastatic carcinomas to the thyroid gland are rare, and thyroid involvement by secondary carcinomas commonly results from direct the extension of malignant cells from adjacent organs such as the larynx or the trachea. The common primary sites of thyroid metastasis are kidney, breast, lung, and lymphoid tissue. Among head and neck cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a relatively high incidence of distant metastases to other sites and commonly involving sites are bone, lung, and liver. Recently, we experienced a case of a 43-year-old male who had been presented with neck mass for 3 months. He was diagnosed non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 1993. And, thyroid metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was confirmed by total thyroidectomy. So we report this rare case with the review of literatures.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2003

강원도에 자생하는 삼지구엽초와 중국산 삼지구엽초 추출물의 생리활성을 결정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 삼지구엽초의 항산화활성은 국내산이 중국산보다 높게 나타났으며, 추출용매는 증류수와 에탄올 1:1 혼합용매 추출물에서 78%로 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 2. 간암, 폐암, 유방암 세포에 대한 생육억제능은 국내산에서 각각 85, 91, 85%로 나타났으며 이 추출물을 0.4g/L 이하의 농도로 투여 시 정상세포의 생존율은 70% 이상으로 유지되어 세포독성이 낮았으며 국내산이 중국산 보다 면역증진능이 높고 혼합용매 추출물에서 254%의 활성을 나타냈다. 3. 삼지구엽초 추출물들에서는 돌연변이원성이 나타나지 않았고 항돌연변이성은 낮게 나타났다. 4. 간 기능 증진효과는 국내산이 124%의 활성을 보여 중국산보다 높았다. 5. 고혈압 관련인자의 작용에서 국내산이 중국산보다 관련효소(ACE)에 대한 활성억제율이 높았고, 혈당 상승 관련효소 $({\alpha}-glucosidase)$에 대한 활성억제율은 87%였으나 국내산과 중국산 간에는 차이가 없었다. 6. 이러한 결과로 국내산 삼지구엽초는 중국산에 비해 항산화, 항암, 간 기능 증진, 고혈압 억제효과 등의 생리활성이 높아 생약으로서의 활용성이 더욱 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2003

Thus, I studied Health services supplied by local health centers and the requirements of the inhabitants visiting the health care facilities. The purpose of this study was to provide basic material for the establishment of Health care policy and the development of health care businesses. The target places for this study were 4 health centers; Chungrang-Gu, Nowon-Gu, Eunpyung-Gu, Songpa-Gu, with 509 mothers who were visiting the Centers. The question items of this study concerned a total of 124 health-related services provided by the Health Centers. The data was collected for a total of 92 days; July 1st~September 30th, 1999. 800 questionaries were distributed and 559 answered, 509 were analyzed finally. The collected data were processed using the SAS program to get mean, standard deviation, percentage. Open questions were made to reveal the opinions of mothers using the health care center. The results were as follows : 1. Among the participants of the study, 49.7% were 25~29 years of age, 84.3% were house wives by current occupation, 56.2% were from 4~6 person households. 52.1 were educated at a high school level, and 43.6% were educated at a collage level. 2. The highest percentage(53.6%) of the users were spontaneous in their utilization of health care center. The major reason for using the Health care center is that it is free to 65.8% of those covered and of low cost to 19.3% of those covered. 3. The satisfaction level of those using the health care center appeared to be generally high. The general average value showed up as $3.027{\pm}0.519$. 4. The level of recognition of the value of the heath care center services was high, particularly in the basic item of diagnoses of pregnancy, particularly in the basic item of diagnoses of pregnancy. However, the satisfaction level of health care education In pregnancy is low at 20~40%. In the meantime, the level of recognition in breast- feeding benefits is high at 76.8%. 5. The rate of realizing health care center's service campaign was generally low at 10~20%. 41.3 of the people knew the advertizing material of the health care centers. 32.4% of the people knew the advertizing material of the health care centers. 32.4% of the people knew the campaign of health care center for importance of breast-feeding benefits. 30.1% of the people knew the campaign for testing congenital mechanism disease. In the meantime about 50% was recognised the health care centers campaign for the importance and time of infants vaccination. 6. The need for enhancement of health care center services was shown to be high as $3.266{\pm}0.676$ as an average, chicken pox vaccination being the most highly requested at $3.565{\pm}0.587.$. 7. Among the open questions, the additional service to be provided were as follows ; increase of campaign of health care center services, furnishing advertizing books in public locations, providing shuttle bus service to the health care centers, extension of desire for preventative injections, rest and play areas for the children of the families serviced, consultation rooms, etc.