• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2013

It is necessary to evaluate the greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction policy by central and regional governments to set up the suitable GHG emissions measures. Quantitative, qualitative and synthetic methods have been adopted by previous researches to estimate GHG reduction policy. However, these methods mostly focused on the results of the reduction policy, rather than understanding and fixing the integrated structures of GHG emissions. In this research, System Dynamics(SD) was applied to 1 million green homes program, self-carfree-day system and carbon point program. The results showed that SD analyses could be appliable for the estimation of GHG reduction policy by developing the feedback loops and dynamic simulation model. SD can be consider as a supplementary tool to estimate the GHG reduction policies through the recognition of the structure in complex real system.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.335-352
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• 2024

Purpose - Low fertility rate is a serious problem, and this study analyzes factors affecting total fertility rate using panel data from 16 metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea from 2000 to 2022. Design/methodology/approach - Estimating the SAR model considering the weak cross-sectional dependence that exists in variables related to the regional total fertility rate, and using the DKSE estimation method considering the strong cross-sectional dependence. Findings - Estimation results considering weak and strong cross-sectional dependence were similar, confirming the robustness of the results. Female labor force participation rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and employment rate has no effect. However, the interaction term is a negative (-) sign. Crude marriage rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and apartment price has a slightly positive effect. Environmental factor has no effect, and policy factor has a negative effect. Research implications or Originality - In order for an increase in the female labor force participation rate to lead to an increase in the total fertility rate, qualitative improvements in female employment must be made. Financial investment policies for childbirth must increase their effectiveness. The problem of low fertility rate requires not only population policy but also social, economic, cultural, environmental, and policy conditions to be considered.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.179-204
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• 2022

This study examines the extent to which policy-based loans to SME exporters affect their export performance (the intensive margin of exports). We also investigate the heterogeneous export effects of policy-based loans that may depend on firm- and industry-specific characteristics, such as credit ratings, debt-to-assets ratios, firm size and age. To do so, we conduct a survey, of 1,000 Korean SMEs, that collect information on firm-level exports and policy-based loans. The main empirical findings strongly support that SMEs that receive policy-based loans tend to increase their export volumes. However, these loans' positive impact on exports are only valid for SME exporters with credit scores of 12 or greater (that is, SMEs that have difficulty accessing the external financial market). The estimation results with respect to SMEs' dependence on external financing imply that policy-based loans for SMEs in sectors that are heavily dependent on external finance are effective in that they are instrumental in increasing these firms' exports. These empirical findings emphasize the importance of the external financial market to SME exporters who face various up-front investments that are related to their exporting activities.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.153-166
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• 2023

Purpose - This research empirically analyzes the influence of economic policy uncertainty and free trade agreements (FTAs) on bilateral trade volumes between Korea and its trading partners. The study investigates whether fluctuations in the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (EPUI) for both Korea and its trading partners significantly impact trade volumes and whether the implementation of FTAs mitigates these effects. Design/methodology - The study employs dynamic panel data analysis using the system generalized method of moments (system GMM) estimation method to achieve its research objectives. It utilizes country-month-level panel data, including the EPUI, trade volume between Korea and its trading partner countries, and other pertinent variables. The use of system GMM allows for the control of potential endogeneity issues and the incorporation of country-specific and time-specific effects. Findings - The analysis yields significant results regarding the impact of economic policy uncertainty on Korea's exports and imports, particularly before the implementation of FTAs. An increase in the EPUI of trading partners leads to a notable increase in Korea's exports to them. Conversely, an increase in Korea's EPUI negatively affects its imports from trading partners. However, post-FTA implementation, the influence of each country's EPUI on trade volume is neutralized, with no significant difference observed. Originality/value - This research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the interaction effects between economic policy uncertainty and FTAs on bilateral trade volumes. The study's uniqueness lies in its examination of how FTAs mitigate the impact of economic uncertainty on trade relations between countries. The findings underscore the importance of trade agreements as mechanisms to address economic risks and promote international trade relations. In a world where global market uncertainties persist, these insights can aid policymakers in Korea and other countries in enhancing their trade cooperation strategies and navigating challenges posed by evolving economic landscapes.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.41-50
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• 2007

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2012

The objective of cache is to reduce I/O access of physical storage device so that user accesses their data faster. Traditionally, the most important metric to measure the performance of cache is hitratio. Thus, when the cache maintains hitratio high, it is regarded as a good cache replacement policy. However, the cache miss latency is different when the storages are heterogeneous. Though the cache hitratio is high, if the cache often misses with low performance disk, then the user experiences low performance. To address this problem we proposed eviction cost estimation based cache management. In our result, the eviction cost estimation based cache management has 10~30% throughput improvement compared with LRU cache management.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.45-69
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• 2013

This study estimates baseline greenhouse gas emissions from transport sector when a new town is developed. It has adopted a general greenhouse gas estimation model developed by Schipper, celine, Roger(2000) for the estimation, and showed how various transport related statistics can be utilized in detail. Particularly, it has produced unit greenhouse gas emission factor per vehicle types, vehicle-km, and trip-km. To evaluate effects of greenhouse gas reduction policies, it has calculated how much emissions will be reduced from bicycle promotion. It has turned out that about 369 thousand tons of carbon dioxide will be emitted from transport sector once the 1st Geomdan New Town is developed in Incheon metropolitan city. If the policy of bicycle promotion can attract people to use bicycle as much as 5% of total trips, then it can reduce about 1,869 tons of carbon dioxide.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2016

This study investigated the variability of WTP estimates(i.e. mean or median) with ad hoc assumptions of specific parametric probability distributions(i.e. normal, logistic, lognormal, and exponential distribution) to estimate WTP function using dichotomous choice CV data on mortality risk reduction. From the perspective of policy decision, the variability of these WTP estimates are intolerable in comparison with those of Turnbull nonparametric estimation method which is free from ad hoc distribution assumptions. The Turnbull nonparametric estimation can avoid a kind of misspecification bias due to ad hoc assumption of specific parametric distributions. Furthermore, the WTP estimates by Turnbull nonparametric estimation are robust because the similar estimates are elicited from a dichotomous choice or double dichotomous choice CV data, and the statistically significant WTP estimates can be obtained even though it is not possible by parametric estimation methods. If there are considerable variability among those WTP estimates by parametric estimation methods in condition with no criteria of model adequacy, the mean WTPs from Turnbull nonparametric estimation can be the robust estimates without ad hoc assumptions, which can avoid controversial issues in the perspective of policy decisions.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the minimum wage policy and the employment labor force in Myanmar by exploring firms' actions such as installing supplementary machines to substitute for labor resources and by addressing gender issues in employment. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper applies a fixed-effect estimation method by using the World Bank's enterprise panel data set surveyed in Myanmar. Results: Findings suggest that the minimum wage reduces both full-time and part-time employment, while the first minimum wage policy increases overall female employment. The adverse impacts are more pronounced for female employees of Joint Venture enterprises and enterprises located in the less-populated regions. Investment in capital such as equipment and machinery increase to substitute for labor after the minimum wage policy implementation; as a result, full-time employment slightly decreases. Conclusions: Appropriate measures concerning the minimum wage policy must be prepared by the government and institutions related to the labor union to serve the well-being of employees. Government of Myanmar should fix the minimum wage in a reasonable period based on the fiscal year for both employers and employees to prevent possible issues and losses resulting from the minimum wage being set.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.43
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• pp.357-364
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• 1997

After the buyer purchases the product, the seller's role does not end. If the product fails to function properly before the end of the warranty period, the seller is responsible for its repair or replacement under the seller's warranty policy. There are two common types of warranty policies: the free replacement warranty and the rebate warranty. Under the free replacement warranty policy, replacement or repairs during the warranty period are provided by the seller free of charge to the buyer. Under the rebate warranty policy, a failed item is replaced by a new one or is repaired at a cost to the age of the failed item. The rebate warranty is most often used for items such as a battery or an automobile tire which wear out and must be replaced at failure. This paper proposes a easy way of estimating the warranty cost under the free replacement warranty policy assuming an exponential product failure function on repairable products.