• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2022

Essential oil was separated from Dendropanax morbiferus (DM) by means of hot water extraction and supercritical extraction, respectively, and the separated essential oil was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the antioxidant effect of essential oil was investigated. In addition, yields of essential oil and Caryophyllene according to the drying and extraction methods for each part of DM were obtained and compared, respectively. The yield of essential oil was found to be high in the order of bark > leaves > twigs > limb. When the freeze-dried DM leaves were supercritically extracted, the yields of essential oil and Caryophyllene were 23.2 g/kg DM and 429.6 mg Caryophyllene/kg DM, respectively. The essential oil of DM showed an antioxidant effect even at a low concentration, and the concentration of the essential oil of SC₅₀, which means 50% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, was about 0.34%.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2004

The antifungal activities of the essential oil from Agastache rugosa and its main component, estragole, combined with ketoconazole, one of the azole antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by Trichophyton species, were evaluated in this study. The combined effects were measured by the checkerboard microtiter and the disk diffusion tests, against T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. schoenleinii and T. soudanense. Susceptibility of the five Trichophyton species to the oil alone, or ketoconazole alone, differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of ketoconazole combined with estragole or A. rugosa essential oil, against the tested Trichophyton species, were between 0.05 and 0.27, indicating synergistic effects. These drug combinations exhibited the most significant synergism against T. mentagrophytes, with FICIs of 0.05 and 0.09 for estragole and the essential oil fraction from A. rugosa, respectively. Isobolograms based on the data from checkerboard titer tests also indicated significant synergism between ketoconazole and the Agastache oil fraction or estragole, against the Trichophyton species evaluated. Trichophyton susceptibility to ketoconazole was significantly improved by combination with the Agastache rugosa oil fraction or its main component, estragole.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2016

A simple and rapid method based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was developed for determination of trans-anethole content in fennel essential oil. Spectra of pure trans-anethole, of the pure essential oil of fennel, and of the pure oil of fennel with thymol internal standard were recorded. The signal of $H-1^/$ was used for quantification of trans-anethole. This proton signal is well separated in the proton magnetic resonance spectrum of the compound. No reference compound is needed and cheap internal standard was used. The results obtained from spectroscopic analysis were compared with those obtained by gas chromatography. Additionally, the developed method was used for determination of the type of vegetable oil used as a carrier in commercial products, which cannot be quantified as such by gas chromatography. This study demonstrates the application of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a quality control method for estimation of essential oil components.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.582-588
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine inhibitory activities of four volatile plant essential oils (cinnamon oil, fennel oil, origanum oil and thyme oil) on in vitro growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae causing Fusarium wilt of strawberry plants. Results showed that these essential oils inhibited in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in a dose-dependent manner. Cinnamon oil was found to be most effective one in suppressing conidial germination while fennel oil, origanum oil and thyme oil showed moderate inhibition of conidial germination at similar levels. Cinnamon oil, origanum oil and thyme oil showed moderate antifungal activities against mycelial growth at similar levels while fennel oil had relatively lower antifungal activity against mycelial growth. Antifungal effects of these four plant essential oils in different combinations on in vitro fungal growth were also evaluated. These essential oils demonstrated synergistic antifungal activities against conidial germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in vitro. Simultaneous application of origanum oil and thyme oil enhanced their antimicrobial activities against conidial germination and fungal mycelial growth. These results underpin that volatile plant essential oils could be used in eco-friendly integrated disease management of Fusarium wilt in strawberry fields.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2010

The present study aimed to assess the antifungal properties of the essential oil fraction from Ligusticum chuanxiong (Umbelliferae) and its components against five clinically important Aspergillus species. The essential oil fraction was extracted from the underground parts of the plant by steam distillation, and its main components, namely, Z-ligustilide, butylidene phthalide, and p-cresol were isolated by column chromatography. The antifungal activities of the essential oils were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Both the total essential oil fraction of L. chuanxiong and its components showed significant anti-Aspergillus activity against all five tested strains with MICs between 62.5 and 250 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. In a checkerboard microtiter assay, the combination of antibiotics, itraconazole with the essential oil fraction of L. chuanxiong or its main components exhibited synergistic or additive, and in some cases indifferent, effects against the tested Aspergillus species, resulting in FICIs (fractional inhibiting concentration indices) ranging from 0.12 to 2, while the combination of antibiotics, amphothericin B with L. chuanxiong essential oils mostly showed antagonistic effects.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2003

Two kinds of Angelica belong to Umbelliferae collected, the one is Angelica gigas that is inhabitant in Korea and the other is Angelica acutiloba that is indigenous in Japan at the field of Snyder Research and Extension Farm Rutgers University, New Jersey and was analyszed by GC and GC/MS. The composition of the essential oil of the different aerial parts of the Angelica has been studied. The oil yields obtained upon hydrodistillation were 0.18% (v/w) in Korean Angelica and 0.44% (v/w) in Japanese Angelica on dry root weight basis. By the growing stage in the Rutgers greenhouse condition, leaf and root of essential oil content a little decreased on 9 months later than 4 months later except for Angelica gigas leaf. Both of Angelica showed that amounts of essential oil content presented in order of leaf > petiole > root according to different plant part. The analysis of the essential oil from Angelica root led to the identification of 14 constituents totaling 64% in Korean Angelica and 13 constituents totaling 68% in Japanese Angelica. The major constituents of the Angelica root essential oil were ligustilide (47 %) and gamma terpi (14 %) in Korean Angelica, and alpha pinei (32 %) and nonane (25 %) in Japanese Angelica

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2008

Objectives : This study is designed to evaluate the preferences for cypress, rosemary, and lavender essential oil related to Sasang constitution Methods : 79 patients and 70 students were tested by QCSS II and their preferences for cypress, rosemary, and lavender essential oil were investigated . It is analyzed by relationship between Sasang constitution and preference for essential oil. Results: 1. The number of Taeyangin was 3, Taeumin was 20, Soyangin was 6, Soeumin was 50 in patients group and all Taeyangins prefered cypress essential oil, 50% of 20 Taeumins prefered cypress, 45.0% prefered rosemary, and the rest prefered lavender oil. Soyangins prefered cypress, rosemary, lavender oil with the same ratio. 34.0% of 50 Soeumins prefered cypress, 44.0% prefered rosemary, 22.0% prefered lavender oil. 2. The number of Taeyangin was 2, Taeumin was 13, Soyangin was 18, Soeumin was 37 in 70 students group and one of Taeyangin prefered rosemary, and the rest prefered lavender oil. 15.4% of 13 Taeumins prefered cypress, 38.5% prefered rosemary, 46.2% prefered lavender oil. 38.9% of 18 Soyangins prefered cypress, 33.3% prefered rosemary, 27.8% prefered lavender oil. 35.1% of 37 Soeumins prefered cypres, 35.1% prefered rosemary, 29.7% prefered lavender oil. Conclusion : We don't have any significant differences of the preference for essential oil between Sasang constitution.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2013

The present study was designed to determine the effect of the Sandalwood Essential Oil (Santalum album) on pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, iNOS expression and IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages cells. The cell toxicity was determined by MTS assay. To evaluate of anti-inflammatory effect of Sandalwood Essential Oil, amount of NO was measured using the NO detection kit and the iNOS expression was measured by western blot analysis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). And proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. As a result, Sandalwood Essential Oil reduced NO, iNOS expression and IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ production without cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the Sandalwood Essential Oil may have an anti-inflammatory property through suppressing inflammatory mediator productions and appears to be useful as an anti-inflammatory oil.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2009

Essential oils are mixtures of volatile, lipophilic compounds originating from plants. Some essential oils have useful biological activities including antimicrobial, spasmolytic, antiplasmodial, and insect-repelling activities. In this study, we tested the antimicrobial activity of essential oil prepared from the aromatic plant, Cymbopogon citrates, against three important plant pathogenic and medical microorganisms, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger. It effectively inhibited the growth of the bacterium, Pectobacterium carotovorum, in a dose-dependent fashion, and 0.5% of the oil inhibited the growth of bacteria completely. Similarly, the essential oil inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the addition of 1% of essential oil completely inhibited the growth of fungus even after 5 days of culture. Finally, it effectively inhibited the growth of the medically and industrially important fungal species, Aspergillus spp. These results suggest that the essential oil from Cymbopogon citrates may be an environmentally safe alternative to inhibit antimicrobial agents for various uses.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2006

We analyzed the total yields and composition of essential oils in leaf extracts of Nepeta cataria by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-six compounds representing 97.0% of total oil were detected. The major constituents of essential oils in Nepeta cataria were nepetalactone (90.9%), unidentified compound (Retention time 17.35; 1.82%), 1,8-cineol (1.49%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (1.12%), and ${\beta}-pinene$ (1.078%). The volatile compounds in leaf extracts of N. cataria concentrated to nepetalactone ($88.83{\sim}93.33%$) remarkably. In the essential oil of N. cataria cis,trans-nepetalactone ($30.2{\sim}37.8%$) and cis,cis-nepetalactone ($31.5{\sim}37.0%$) were found as the main constituents. The effects of essential oil of N. cataria on the growth of six microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated. The essential oil of N. cataria had strong inhibitory effect on the growth of three fungal species (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens). The essential oil from N. cataria was found to have a low antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, while no activity were found against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results indicate the significant antimicrobial effect, which may be depended on the yield of nepetalactone.