• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-41
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• 2004

Sonjook island is located Samsan-myeon, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do. All of field information was collected from January 2001 to November 2002. The vascular plants recorded as total 584 taxa, 5 forms, 60 varieties, 519 species, 365 geneta, 113 families. Sonjook islands shows the typical vegetations including the lower area of temperate region of Korean peninsula and evergreen broad-leaved forests, Pinus thunbergii forest. The Korean endemic plants were recorded as 13 taxa (5 variety, 8 species, 10 genera, 10 families), 4 taxa as rare and endangered plants (Psilotum nudum (L.) Griseb., Milletia japoniea A. Gray, Arisaema negishii Makino, Sarcanthus scolopendrifolius Makino). The naturalized plants were 23 taxa (20 genera, 9 families, 8.2％ among the total naturalized plants in Korea. This area is ecologically important place that Korea endemic plant, rare and endangered plants ranges much than area. On the one hand, threat from degraded by environmental pollution that share of naturalized plant rises gradually augment. Strong conservation policy and development control should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.42-58
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• 2009

This study was carried out to survey the vascular plants of the construct-reserved site of ecological forest in Kohang-ri, Sangri-myeon, Yecheon-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The results are as follows. The vascular plants in this site were recorded as 392 taxa; 85 families, 254 genera, 341 species, 45 varieties and 6 forma. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa; Salix hallaisanensis, Clematis trichotoma, Chrysosplenium barbatum, Philadelphus schrenckii and Weigela subsessilis. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 2 taxa; Iris ensata var. spontanea and Aristolochia contorta. The naturalized plants were 25 taxa; Bromus tectorum, Dactylis glomerata, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Bilderdykia dumetora and so forth. In the results of analysis by floristic region, the specific plants were summarized as 31 taxa; Matteuccia struthiopteris, Oxalis obtriangulata, Betula davurica, Cimicifuga heracleifolia and so forth. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 4 taxa; Salix hallaisanensis, Aristolochia controrta, Clematis trichotoma and Chrysosplenium barbatum. The plant resources were 186 taxa of ornamental plant, 241 taxa of edible plant, 274 taxa of medicinal plant and 202 taxa of others.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.475-486
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• 2015

This survey was conducted in order to investigate the vascular plants of Hak Reservoir Valley in the DMZ Area, Korea. The vascular plants were collected six times (from April 2014 to November 2014) and consisted a total of 238 taxa; 69 families, 172 genera, 206 species, 2 subspecies, 26 varieties and 4 forms. The observed rare plant species as designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa including Carex capricornis Meinsh. ex Maxim., Acorus calamus L., Penthorum chinense Pursh. Endemic plant species were 2 taxa including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Clematis brachyura Maxim. 17 taxa were listed as specific plant species based on phytogeographical in the investigated area. 25 taxa were recorded as naturalized plants, and their Naturalization Ratio and Urbanization Index were recorded as 10.46%, and 7.78%, respectively. Of the 238 taxa listed; 105 were pasturing plants, 92 edible plants, 76 medicinal plants, 24 ornamental plants, 6 stain plants, 4 timber plants, 2 fiber plants, 2 industrial plants and 55 unknown plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.87-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for maintenance and management of river ecosystem by surveying and analysing the kinds and their characteristics of vascular plants in Bukcheon stream, Gyeongju-si, South Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 428 taxa including 92 families, 265 genera, 3 subspecies, 24 varieties, 6 forms, 5 hybrids and 5 cultivars. Among the identified taxa, there were 90 planted species. The endangered wild species was Cicuta virosa, and the rare plants were 5 taxa including Prunus × yedoensis, Juniperus chinensis L. var. sargentii and so on. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa Populus × tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Lespedeza maritima, Forsythia koreana and Aster pseudoglehni. The specific plants by floristic region were 26 taxa including 2 taxa of grade V, 3 taxa of grade IV, 2 taxa of grade III, 8 taxa of grade II and 11 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 81 taxa including Euphorbia maculata, Erigeron strigosus, Vulpia myuros and so on. The invasive alien plants were 7 taxa including Humulus scandens, Rumex acetosella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Lactuca seriola, Symphyotrichum pilosum and Paspalum distichum.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted on Forsythia velutina, a special plant, in Gyeongsangnam-do Arboretum under the Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, which is located in the southern part of Korea. Methods: The research aimed to analyze the flowering characteristics of the plant by calculating the optimal temperature and humidity according to the flowering time and flowering period for 8 years from 2010 to 2017 in order to provide basic data for bioclimate studies of endemic plants. Results: It was observed that the Forsythia velutina showed a life cycle from mid-March and to mid-November. Average growth period was 243 (± 6.5) days. In testing the reliability of a single variable according to the meteorological factors, the Cronbach's Alpha was 0.701, which indicates that the findings were relatively reliable. The average date of flowering was March 16 (SD = 5.8) and the average date on which blossoms fall was March 29 (SD = 5.2). A substantial difference in flowering period was observed from year to year 11 to 23 days, with an average of 16 days (± 4.7). The temperature and humidity in February to March, which affect the flowering, were 2.9-5.5℃, and 66.5-73.0%, respectively, and showed differences every year. Conclusion: The correlation between flowering time and meteorological factors was positive, and the highest daily temperature and average daily temperature had the highest significance. When establishing basic data on plant species for the conservation of endemic plants, the changes in life cycle events and weather conditions are identified. It is believed that it will be helpful in establishing a conservation strategy for the plant species in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-63
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the vascular plants in the Baekdudaegan Mountains and to provide the basic data necessary for future ecosystem conservation measures. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 699 taxa including 98 families, 338 genera, 598 species, 4 subspecies, 80 varieties, and 17 forms. There were 427 taxa in A-section, 451 taxa in B-section, 361 taxa in C-section, and 455 taxa in D-section. The rare plants were 37 taxa including 2 taxa of the CR, EN, and DD each, 12 taxa of the VU, and 19 taxa of the LC. The Korean endemic plants were 30 taxa including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Hanabusaya asiatica (Nakai) Nakai, Carex okamotoi Ohwi, and so forth. The northern plants were 41 taxa including Equisetum hyemale L., Anemone reflexa Steph. et Willd., Symplocarpus renifolius Schott ex Miq., and so forth. The naturalized plants were 33 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Coreopsis lanceolata L., Poa pratensis L., and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Rumex acetocella L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., and Aster pilosus Willd.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.52-62
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• 2006

The flora of vascular plants around Chunji and Sochunji in Mt. Baekdu was listed 120 taxa; 31 families, 81 genera, 97 species, 1 subspecies, 21 varieties and 1 form. About endangered wild plants, 2 taxa (Paeonia obovata, Rhododendron aureum) are in class II. 12 taxa were listed as rare and endangered plants; Disporum ovale, Lilium davuricum, Saxifraga punctata, Rosa marretii, Cnidium tachiroei, Bupleurum euphorbioides, Halenia corniculata, Gentiana jamesii, Pedicularis verticillata, etc. 10 taxa were listed as Korean endemic plants; Lilium amabile, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Oxytropis anertii for. alba, Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia, Cardamine resedifolia var. morii, Homopteryx nakaiana, Saussurea alpicola, Ligularia jamesii, etc. Specific plants by floral region were total 47 taxa; 3 taxa (Paeonia obovata, Rhododendron aureum, Pedicularis verticillata) in class V, 15 taxa (Lycopodium annotinum, Alnus maximowiczii, Saxifraga punctata, Petasites saxatile, etc.) in class IV, 5 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Sanguisorba hakusanensis, Acer ukurunduense, Campanula glomerata var. dahurica, Cacalia adenostyloides) in class III, 18 taxa (Lycopodium chinense, Disporum ovale, Ceologlossum viride var. bracteatum, Betula ermani, Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, Filipendula multijuga, Geranium eriostemon, Cnidium tachiroei, Ligularia stenocephala, etc.) in class II, 6 taxa (Pinus koraiensis, Cimicifuga simplex, Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. alba, Senecio nemorensis, Cacalia hastata subsp. orientalis, Cirsium pendulum) in class I. Peculiar flora around Chunji is thought to be made by the environmental factors such as wind, temperature and rainfall that influence the plants' growth.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.136-148
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• 2015

Hyangro-bong is located on the northern side of the civilian access control line and therefore has gone through natural ecological succession without human interference. Currently, it forms a distinctive natural ecosystem in which rare wild animals and plants are various. It is located in the Baekdudaegan mountain system and plays an ecologically important role as a bridge that connects the Geumgang mountain and Seorak mountain. This study investigated the flora of the eastern parts, Forest Genetic Resources Reserve Area, of Hyangro-bong. A total of 363 vascular plants that belonged to 77 families, 206 genera, 310 species, 3 subspecies, and 47 varieties were found in the study area. Rare and endangered plants identified in this study included the critically endangered Swertia wilfordii and endangered Irisuniflora var. caricina. Furthermore, 4 vulnerable species, Hanabusaya asiatica, Codonopsis pilosula, Leontopodium japonicum, and Taxus cuspidata, were found. A total of 7 families and 14 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve and Clematis fusca var. coreana were confirmed as endemic plants. Naturalized plants belonging to 4 families, 11 genera, and 13 species were distributed along the Hyangro-bong forest roads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.41-61
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was carried out to present the basic data for constructing a ecological stream, Shindangcheon stream located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. From August 2017 to June 2019, a total of 7 surveys were conducted. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 388 taxa including 75 families, 246 genera, 360 species, 4 subspecies, 19 varieties, 2 forms and 3 hybrids. The most families of taxa were Poaceae (59 taxa), Asteraceae (47 taxa), Fabaceae (27 taxa), Rosaceae and Cyperaceae (20 taxa, respectively), and Polygonaceae and Brassicaceae (15 taxa, respectively). The rare plant was Aristolochia contorta Bunge, and the Korean endemic plants were 4 taxa, such as Populus × tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz, Lespedeza maritima Nakai, and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region found in this site were 13 taxa comprising 8 taxa of grade I, 4 taxa of grade III, and 1 taxon of grade IV. The naturalized plants were 73 taxa, such as Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach., Potentilla supina L. var. ternata Pterm., and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 6 taxa, such as Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Lactuca serriola L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2007

The vascular plants of the study area in the Daemisaem region were listed as 302 taxa; 81 families, 196 genera, 251 species, 1 subspecies, 42 varieties, 7 forms and 1 hybrid. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 7 taxa were recorded; Carex okamotoi, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Thalictrum uchiyamai, Lespedeza ${\times}$ tomentella, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis, Cirsium chanroenicum. Specific plants by floral region were total 21 taxa; Silene jenisseensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia in class IV, 3 taxa (Lilium leichtlinii var. tigrinum, Betula davurica, Lonicera subhispida) in class III, 3 taxa (Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana, Ligularia fischeri, Cirsium chanroenicum) in class II, 13 taxa (Glyceria leptolepis, Meliosma oldhamii, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 8 families, 20 genera, 23 species, 1 varieties, 24 taxa and naturalization rate was 7.9% of all 302 taxa vascular plants. The vegetation community of the selected Daemisaem region were growth of configuration to slope, ridge and valley; Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus mongolica community, Salix koreensis community in the slope, Quercus mongolica community, Carpinus tschonoskii community in the ridge, Fraxinus mandshurica community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Acer mono community, Cornus controversa community, Morus bombycis community in the valley.