• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

In order to assess the atmospheric dispersion for the accidental releases of nuclear power plants, in calculating X/Q values in the XOQAR and PAVAN codes which are based on Reg. Guide 1.145, the X/Q and frequency values are plotted on log-normal paper. Starting with the highest X/Q value of this plot, the codes compare the slope of the line drawn from this point to every other point within an increment containing ten X/Q values. If there are fewer than ten values, only the number available are used. The coefficients that produce the line with the least negative slope are saved. The end point of this line is used as the next starting point, from which slopes to the points within the next increment, containing ten X/Q values, are compared. The X/Q values corresponding to the cumulative frequency values 0.5%, 5% or 50% are calculated to search for the $0{\sim}2$ hour X/Q value that tends to be a very conservative value. In this work, a fuzzy logic inference method is used for nonlinear interpolation of the X/Q values versus the cumulative frequency. The fuzzy logic inference method is known to be a food technique for nonlinear interpolation. The proposed method was applied to a potential accidential radioactive release of the Yonggwang nuclear power plant, which gives more realistic X/Q values.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.291-309
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• 2005

It hasn't been long time since English language was introduced in Korea. At the end of the 18th century the importance of the way of using English properly started to be recognized as Chosun (former country in Korean peninsula) began to conclude a treaty with foreign countries. A lot of Koreans could learn the western culture by the acquired knowledge of English. One of the main factors opening the secluded nation to the world was the member of missionary from outside of Korea. As the number of missionaries increased those who already came to Korea found the necessity of wiring a sort of guidebook of Korean language for the newly dispatched missionaries. The book $\ulcorner$Korean English Grammar$\lrcorner$(written by Horace Grant Underwood in 1890), was the first one that linguistically compared the part of speech and the clausal structures of Korean and English. The revised one of the same book was written by the son, Horace Horton Underwood, in 1914. The revised one newly included the phonetic aspect of Korean language. In this paper the phonetic part of the book will be considered carefully in order to find how recent phonetic methodology has been applied to account for the Korean phonetic features.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

The Chosun Dynasty established and implemented measures to prevent Japanese invasion into the southern coast. To this end, the number of naval vessels and the number of ships were increased, and a shipyard(船所) was constructed to protect the safety of the vessels. The shipyard is a port facility where military vessels are anchored and repaired, as well as public facilities that are needed for military training on public and land, as well as facilities for storing supplies and equipment needed for ships on land and defense at the port entrance. Despite being such an important facility for national defense, Shipyard has not been noticed. Studies have shown that the position of shipyard is divided into the riverside type and the riverbank type, which is due to the topographical features of Korea. The repair cycle of naval vessels, the carrying out of Yeonhun(prevent the water from decaying the part of the ship, a raw tree was burned to smoke) and the place of sea training also affected the construction of the Gul River(掘江). The space structure of shipyard is divided into port entry facilities for monitoring and controlling at the entrance to the harbor, border facilities for folding and repairing military vessels, and land facilities for holding land exercises and administrative work of military vessels and military equipment.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.368-376
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• 2023

Dental Ni-Ti files must ensure stability and resistance to fatigue fracture. DLC and ta-C were coated to remove defects on the surface and ensure stability, and the surface characteristics were investigated. When coated with DLC, it was black, and in case of ta-C coating, it was blue-black. Scratches, which are defects caused by mechanical processing, were formed on the surface of the un-coated Ni-Ti file from the end of the file along the direction of processing, with the Pro-file appearing in the vertical direction and the K-file appearing in the file direction. Scratches were reduced on the coated surface, and the surface roughness was greatly reduced after coating compared to before coating. The un-coated Ni-Ti file had the lowest hardness, the DLC-coated file had the highest hardness, and ta-C showed relatively high hardness. The elastic modulus of the DLC coating film was high, and the ta-C elastic modulus was low. The adhesion of the DLC coating film tended to be higher than that of ta-C, and the wear loss amount of DLC coating of taC was lower. The corrosion potential of the ta-C coating increased significantly, and the corrosion current density decreased.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of assay error for improved pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation of vancomycin on the Bayesian and nonlinear least squares regression analysis in 24 Korean gastric cancer patients. Vancomycin 1.0 g was administered intravenously over 1 hr every 12 hr. Three specimens were collected at 72 hr after the first dose from all patients at the following times, at 0.5 hr before regularly scheduled infusion, at 0.5 hr and 2 hr after the end of 1 hr infusion. Serum vancomycin levels were analyzed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique with TDX-FLX. The standard deviation (SD) of the assay over its working range had been determined at the serum vancomycin concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and $120{\mu}g/ml$ in quadruplicate. The polynomial equation of vancomycin assay error was found to be SD $({\mu}g/ml)=0.0224+0.0540C+0.00173C^2$ ($R^2=0.935$). There were differences in the influence of weight with vancomycin assay error on pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin using the nonlinear least squares regression analysis but there were no differences on the Bayesian analysis. This polynomial equation can be used to improve the precision of fitting of pharmacokinetic models to optimize the process of model simulation both for population and for individualized pharmacokinetic models. The result suggests the improvement of dosage regimens for the better and safer care of patients receiving vancomycin.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.410-415
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• 2013

This paper proposes a bidirectional platoon control law using a coupled distance error based on the backstepping-like feedback linearization control method for an interconnected mobile agent system with a string structure. Unlike the previous results where the single agent was controlled using the only own information without other agents, the proposed control law cannot show the only distance error convergence of each agent, but also the string stability of the whole system. Also, the control performances are improved by the proposed control law in spite of low performance of bidirectional control strategy in the previous results. The proposed bidirectional platoon control algorithm is based on the backstepping-like feedback linearization control method. The position errors between each agent and the preceding and the behind agents are coupled by weighted summation. By the proposed control law, the distance error of each agent can converge to zero while the string stability is guaranteed when the coupled errors can converge to zero. To this end, the back-stepping control method is employed. The pseudo velocity input is determined considering the kinematic relationship between agents and the string stability. Then, the actual dynamic control input is determined to make the actual velocity converge to the pseudo velocity input. The stability analysis and the simulation results of the proposed method are included in order to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed algorithm.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.598-603
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weight with gentamicin assay error on the Bayesian and nonlinear least squares regression analysis in 12 Korean appen dicitis patients. Gentamicin was administered intravenously over 0.5 h every 8 h. Three specimens were collected at 48 h after the first dose from all patients at the following times, just before regularly scheduled infusion, at 0.5 h and 2 h after the end of 0.5 h infusion. Serum gentamicin levels were analyzed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique with TDxFLx. The standard deviation (SD) of the assay over its working range had been determined at the serum gentamicin concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ${\mu}g$/mL in quadruplicate. The polynominal equation of gentamicin assay error was found to be SD (${\mu}g$/mL) = 0.0246-(0.0495C)+ (0.00203C$^2$). There were differences in the influence of weight with gentamicin assay error on pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin using the nonlinear least squares regression analysis but there were no differences on the Bayesian analysis. This polynominal equation can be used to improve the precision of fitting of pharmacokinetic models to optimize the process of model simulation both for population and for individualized pharmacokinetic models. The result would be improved dosage regimens and better, safer care of patients receiving gentamicin.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of safety perception, ethical awareness, and safety activities of nursing students for patients, and to identify the correlation and impact between them. The research design is a descriptive survey study, and the subject of the study were 197 nursing college students in G City. Safety perception, ethical awareness, and safety activity tools were used for, and the data collection period was from October 17 to 28 in 2022. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Regression analysis were used to analyze data. The result of the study indicated that the average level of safety perception of nursing students was 3.72 points, the average ethical awareness of patients, professional work, and cooperators perceived by nursing students was 3.04 points, and the safety activities of nursing students were 4.20 points. In the case of safety awareness and ethics awareness, r=.327, a significant positive correlation, in the case of safety awareness and safety activities, r=.399, significant positive correlation, ethics awareness and safety activities as r=.296. And so on these results showed that high safety perception increases safety activities, and high ethical awareness increases safety activities. Therefore, we need practical and step-by-step convergence education to equip nursing students with patient safety nursing capabilities. To this end, a safer environment will be created if the social support network for the systematic application of safety education is well formed.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.353-365
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• 2017

In general, there is summability among the mathematical tools that are the criterion for the convergence of infinite series. Many authors have studied on the summability of infinite series, the summability of Fourier series and the summability factors. Especially, $H{\ddot{u}}seyin$ Bor had published his important results on these topics from the beginning of 1980 to the end of 1990. In this paper, we investigate the minor academic genealogy of teachers and pupils from Fourier to $H{\ddot{u}}seyin$ Bor in section 2. We introduce the $H{\ddot{u}}seyin$ Bor's major results of the summability for infinite series from 1983 to 1997 in section 3. In conclusion, we summarize his research characteristics and significance on the summability of infinite series. Also, we present the diagrams of $H{\ddot{u}}seyin$ Bor's minor academic genealogy from Fourier to $H{\ddot{u}}seyin$ Bor and minor research lineage on the summability of infinite series.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 1995

The history of vegetable preservation technology by salting and fermentation in Korea was reviewed from the Three Nations Era to the end of Chosun Kingdom, and the development of present day's Kimchi processing technology was traced back by using the classic books as well as recent review papers published in Korea. Although the written record on salting and fermentation of vegetables first appears in a 12th century literature (Dongkukisangkukjib, Gyu-Bo Lee $1168{\sim}1241$), the use of salted/fermented vegetables could be dated back to the Three Nations Era $(B.C.\;37{\sim}A.D.\;668)$ and even earlier period. The present type of Kimchi was gradually evolved after the introduction of red pepper into Korea in the 17th century. The descriptions on Kimchi fermention appeared in the literatures written in the period of $16th{\sim}19th$ centuries in Korea, Suunjapbang $(1500{\sim})$, Domundaijak (1611), Sasichanyocho (1656), Eumsikdimibang (1670), Chubangmun $(1600{\sim})$, Saekgyung (1676), Yorok $(1600{\sim})$, Sanlimkyungje (1715), Cheungbosanlimkyungje (1766), Kyuhapchongsoe $(1800{\sim})$, Imwonsipyukji (1827), Dongkuksesiki (1849) and Buinpylji $(1855{\sim})$ were reviewed.