• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.689-694
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• 1995

Sphingolipids play important roles in cell regulation and signal transduction. Recently, a sphinogomyelin cycle has been described in which activation of neutral sphingomyelinase leads to the breakdown of sphingomyelin and the generation of ceramide. Ceramide, in turn, has emerged as a candidate intracellular mediator for the action of certain cell agonists and has multiple biologic actions. Ceramide is a potent suppressor of cell growth and an inducer of apoptosis. The present studies show that exposure of IM-9 cells to ceramide resulted in internucleosomal cleavage of DNA, yielding laddered patterns of oligonucleosomal fragments characteristic of apoptosis. DNA fragmentation induced by ceramide was also confirmed by diphenylamine assay. The effect of ceramide on cell cycle progression was also studied. The addition of ceramide increase G$_{1}$ phase distribution in cell cycle. Cell cycle-related cyclin D$_{1}$ gene expression was decreased in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that apoptosis induced by ceramide is related to cell cycle associated with the alteration of cell cycle in IM-9 cells.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of home environment quality and fathers' parenting participation on school readiness of preschool children. The subjects were 101 5-years old children, mothers and teachers at child care centers located in the Gyeonggi area. Home environment quality was measured using a 'Korean Home Environment' questionnaire. Parenting participation by fathers was measured by 'Scale for Productive Roles of Fathers of Children in Their Early Childhood.' Lastly, the children's school readiness measured the 'School Readiness Inventory.' Collected data were analyzed using t-test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results of the study showed that the school readiness of preschool children differed by gender. The score of girls' school readiness was higher than boys' school readiness. Such difference was apparent in the school readiness areas of general knowledge, mathematical knowledge, and adjustment. There was a positive correlation between age and the school readiness of preschool children. An increase in children's age also increased school readiness in the areas of linguistic knowledge, mathematical knowledge, and adjustment. Home environment quality and fathers' parenting participation directly influenced the school readiness of preschool children. The pattern of the results suggests that a desirable home environment and fathers' contribution in the family for children are critical components to prepare preschool children for elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.38-45
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• 2013

Buffer green space in the residential area is a mechanism for improving the residential environment and also significant for residential life satisfaction and its various social roles. Accordingly, this study aimed to discover the effect of the buffer green space, which was established to minimize environmental influences of the residential environment, on residential life satisfaction. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on residents in Myeongji Residential Area where the buffer green space was installed, to examine the factors of the buffer green space and to analyze its causal relation with residential life satisfaction. The SPSS(statistical package for social science) 21 program was used for analysis and factorial analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were executed. As a result, the roles of the buffer green space in Myeong-ji Residential Area included residential comfort, disaster protection, green space usability and environmental ecological property. In the overall accrued factorial contribution rate, residential comfort was very high with 40.54% out of total 62.48%. In addition, the residential comfort and green area usability had a higher correlation with residential life satisfaction. However, the significant level of disaster protection and environmental ecological property were 0.725 and 0.898, respectively, which were not significant as a preference factor in multiple regression analysis. Accordingly, the buffer green space for improving residential comfort and green space usability was confirmed to enhance residential life satisfaction.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-82
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• 1998

This study attempted to develop fundamental data of nursing intervention for Women's health improvement through literature review related to women's health. Women's health problems are focused in nursing because the quality of women's health influences on public health directly and indirectly. Especially women experience more stressors and mental disorders than men. This paper reviewed rationale of mental problems to understand Women's mental problems through various research paper analysis. As a result, it was found that women's mental problems as well as the health were affected by various factors and were connected with social, cultural elements closely. This result means that women are affected by social, economical, psychological states from gender unequality in this society. So to solve the women's mental problems, women have to be considered as human beings, women, mothers with multiple roles. And like Hwabyung, one of the women's mental problems related to Korean traditional culture, nursing needs to be done to solve the problem through cultural approach. To do this, nursing has to research negative effect as well as positive effect on women's mental health by modern culture which includes "Han" and traditional family culture. The multidisplinary, interdisplinary communication is important to develop nursing intervention and nursing must build a pertinent Korean women's mental health research system to improve a sociopolitical environment.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2014

This study examined the effect of middle school students' perceived marital conflict on the middle school students' aggression. Also it examined the differences of male and female middle school students. The researcher surveyed 500 questionnaires for middle school students and was using 444 questionnaires in the final analysis. To analysis the data, t-test, Pearson correlation and the multiple group Structural Equation Modeling approach was used. It was sown that in the middle school students who highly perceived their interparental conflict, the higher the aggression. Interpartental conflicts significantly affected on middle school students' aggression in male and female students. It was sown, also that in the male middle school students who highly perceived their interparental conflict than girl students who highly perceived, the higher the aggression. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of parental roles have effects on middle school students' problem behavior. Especially it was found that male middle school students aggression are influences by interparental conflict. Accordingly, this study has significances by proposing methods of efficient parental consultation and education to resolve parental conflicts.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.110-114
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• 2015

Purpose: Growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-11 is a transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ family member that plays important regulatory roles in development of multiple tissues which include axial skeletal patterning, palatal closure, and tooth formation. Proteins that have been identified as GDF-11 inhibitors include GDF-associated serum protein (GASP)-1 and GASP-2. Recently, we found that mice genetically engineered to lack both Gasp1 and Gdf11 have an increased frequency of cleft palate. The goal of this study was to investigate the roles of GDF-11 and its inhibitors, GASP-1 and GASP-2, during dental and craniofacial development and growth. Methods: Mouse genetic studies were used in this study. Homozygous knockout mice for Gasp1 ($Gasp1^{-/-}$) and Gasp2 ($Gasp2^{-/-}$) were viable and fertile, but Gdf11 homozygous knockout ($Gdf11^{-/-}$) mice died within 24 hours after birth. The effect of either Gasp1 or Gasp2 deletion in $Gdf11^{-/-}$ mice during embryogenesis was evaluated in $Gasp1^{-/-}$;$Gdf11^{-/-}$ and $Gasp2^{-/-}$;$Gdf11^{-/-}$ mouse embryos at 18.5 days post-coitum (E18.5). For the analysis of adult tissues, we used $Gasp1^{-/-}$;$Gdf11^{+/-}$ and $Gasp2^{-/-}$;$Gdf11^{+/-}$ mice to evaluate the potential haploinsufficiency of Gdf11 in $Gasp1^{-/-}$ and $Gasp2^{-/-}$ mice. Results: Although Gasp2 expression decreased after E10.5, Gasp1 expression was readily detected in various ectodermal tissues at E17.5, including hair follicles, epithelium in nasal cavity, retina, and developing tooth buds. Interestingly, $Gasp1^{-/-}$;$Gdf11^{-/-}$ mice had abnormal formation of lower incisors: tooth buds for lower incisors were under-developed or missing. Although $Gdf11^{+/-}$ mice were viable and had mild transformations of the axial skeleton, no specific defects in the craniofacial development have been observed in $Gdf11^{+/-}$ mice. However, loss of Gasp1 in $Gdf11^{+/-}$ mice occasionally resulted in small and abnormally shaped auricles. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both GASP-1 and GDF-11 play important roles in dental and craniofacial development both during embryogenesis and in adult tissues.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of nurses regarding their roles in social welfare facilities, including role expectation, role performance, and role conflict and its influencing factors. Methods: Data were collected by administering a structured questionnaire to 92 nurses working in 5 types of social welfare facilities. Descriptive statistics, paired t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed using the SPSS Win 18.0 program. Results: The mean score of role expectation ($4.44{\pm}0.41$) was significantly higher(t =17.50, p<.001) than that of role performance ($3.46{\pm}0.005$). The biggest mean difference between role expectation and role performance was found in "research activities" ($2.92{\pm}0.81$). The mean score of role conflict was $2.89{\pm}0.66$, with the highest mean score found in "conflict caused when one nurse takes up two or more roles" ($3.31{\pm}0.69$). The influencing factors on role conflict were the difference between role expectation and role performance(${\beta}=.45$, p<.001), and facility size (${\beta}=-.37$, p<.001), which accounts for 51.5% incidence of role conflict controlling nurses' age, career, position, and working periods in social welfare facilities (F=17.13, p<.001). Conclusion: The nurses working in the social welfare facilities perceived some restrictions on their role performance compared with their role expectation, this difference being a major factor influencing their role conflict. Therefore, future studies need to investigate interventions to minimize this effect.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.261-279
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regulatory focus on proactive behavior and to examine the mediating effect of work hope between superior's regulatory focus and subordinate's proactive behavior. In addition, the purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of interpersonal justice between regulatory focus and work hope, and the moderated mediating effect of work hope and interpersonal justice in the relationship between regulatory focus and proactive behavior. Design/methodology/approach - This study used data 255pairs(510people) collected from Public organizations such as gu office and private organizations that perform various tasks such as human resources, finance, accounting, marketing, and R&D. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and the multiple regression analysis were used in order to analyze the data. Findings - The result showed that promotion focus was positively related to proactive behavior. In addition, this study found that the relationship between promotion focus and proactive behavior was mediated by work hope. Regarding the moderating roles of perceived interpersonal justice, the results showed that perceived interpersonal justice significantly interacted with promotion focus in influencing work hope. Finally, the moderated mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of promotion focus on proactive behavior through work hope was valid only for subordinates with high perceived interpersonal justice. Research implications or Originality - In order to increase proactive behavior, it is necessary to focus on promotion focus and to increase the positive psychology such as hope. In addition, it is necessary to increase perception of interpersonal justice.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.163-185
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• 2015

This study examined the influences of general characteristics, maternal parenting behaviors and children's self-control ability on children's social competence. A total of 416 children in the fifth and sixth grades responded to questionnaires, which included items related to their social competence, their mothers' parenting behavior, as well as their own self-control ability. Data were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation analysis and the hierarchical regression analysis method. According to the results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, children's self-control ability best explained their social competence. In terms of individual factors, motivational self-control had the greatest effect on social competence, followed by cognitive self-regulation, behavioral self-regulation, economic level, gender and grades, in that order. The results for the effects of maternal parenting behaviors and children's self-control ability on children's social competence highlighted the important roles played by the mother and the child's self-control ability in improving the child's social competence. The study contributes to the literature by providing fundamental insights into children's higher quality of life.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2014

This study examines the effects of maternal behaviors and children's self-control ability on their subjective well-being. Data were collected from 416 fifth- and sixth-graders residing in Kwangju, Korea. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and the hierarchical regression analysis method were employed for a statistical analysis. According to the results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, children's self-control ability best explained their subjective well-being. For individual factors, motivational self-control had the greatest effect on subjective well-being, followed by behavioral self-control, cognitive self-control, the level of income, gender, and the employment status, in that order. The results for effects of maternal behaviors and children's self-control ability on children's subjective well-being highlight. The important roles played by the mother and the child's self-control ability in improving the child's subjective well-being. The study contributes to the literature by providing fundamental insights into children's higher quality of life.