• 제목/요약/키워드: the cutting and banking slopes

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임도시공 후 경과년수에 따른 비탈면 식생침입 및 식물상 분석 (Analysis of Flora and Vegetation in Forest Road Slopes Along to Constructions Age)

  • 추갑철;박재현;마호섭
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제103권3호
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    • pp.408-421
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    • 2014
  • 이 연구는 경상남도 사천시 용현면 용치리 지역에 5년(2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012)동안 시공한 임도에 대하여 임도시공 후 경과년수에 따라 비탈면에 침입하는 식생과 식물상을 분석하였다. 조사대상 임도의 절토비탈면과 성토비탈면의 평균경사는 모두 $42^{\circ}$에서 $^54{\circ}$의 범위를 나타내어 급경사지였다. 토성은 2012년 개설된 임도의 절토와 성토비탈면만 양토이고 나머지는 모두 사양토로 나타났다. 조사대상 임도의 성토비탈면의 평균피복도(약 66%)는 절토비탈면의 평균피복도(약 49%) 보다 높게 나타났다. 절토비탈면에서의 평균출현종은 46종으로 성토비탈면에서의 평균출현종(50종) 보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 종다양성은 모든 임도에서 절토비탈면보다 성토비탈면이 더 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 절토비탈면에서는 2011년 개설 임도에서 1.4015로 가장 높게 나타났고, 성토비탈면에서는 2012년도 개설 임도에서 1.5603으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 균재도(Evenness)는 절토와 성토비탈면에서 임도개설년수가 짧을수록 높았으며, 출현한 식물종은 균일한 것으로 분석되었다.

임도사면(林道斜面)의 붕괴(崩壞)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on Landslide in the Slope of the Forest Road)

  • 오재만;전근우
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 1990
  • 본 연구는 임도개설(林道開設)에 의해 조성되는 성토사면(盛土斜面)과 절토사면(切土斜面)에 대해 강우(降雨)등에 의한 붕괴(崩壞)를 사면(斜面)물매와 길이의 차이에 따라 조사하여, 임도사면(林道斜面) 유지에 적절한 물매와 사면(斜面)길이를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 조사기간중에 집중호우(集中豪雨)가 없어 대규모의 침식(侵蝕)과 퇴적(堆積)은 발생하지 않았으나 금번의 측정(測定)결과를 분석하면 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. A, B임도사면(林道斜面)에서의 붕괴발생율(崩壞發生率)은 각각 75%, 50%로 나타났으며, 전체적으로는 67%의 붕괴발생율(崩壞發生率)을 보여 피복(被覆)이 안된 나지상태(裸地狀態)에서는 상당한 구역(區域)에서 토사이동(土砂移動)이 발생하였다. 2. 사면(斜面)물매에 따른 붕괴(崩壞)는 성토사면(盛土斜面)에서는 $36^{\circ}{\sim}38^{\circ}$, 절토사면(切土斜面)은 $42^{\circ}{\sim}43^{\circ}$에서 주로 발생하였다. 따라서 성토사면(盛土斜面)은 $36^{\circ}$이하로, 절토사면(切土斜面)은 $42^{\circ}$이하로 사면(斜面)을 조성하는 것이 바람직하다. 3. 사면(斜面)길이에 따른 붕괴(崩壞)는 성토사면(盛土斜面)은 피복(被覆)되지 않은 곳에서는 어떤 경우에도 붕괴(崩壞)가 발생하였으므로 사면피복(斜面被覆)이 선결과제이며, 절토사면(切土斜面)에서는 사면길이를 4m이하로 시공(施工)하는 것이 바람직하다.

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강원랜드 스키장 설계 (Design for the Kangwonland Ski Resort)

  • 이준복
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.92-103
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    • 2004
  • This design was submitted to an invited competition for the Ski Resort of Kangwon Land which was held by Kangwon Land Resort in August, 2003. The site is located at 1∼17 Gohan-ri Gohan-eup Jungsungun Kangwon-do and has an area of 5,000,000$m^2$. The objectives of this project were to revitalize the local economy of Sabuk, Gohan which is well Down for deserted coal mines, by creating a resort complex for family group users with an environmentally friendly ski facility. This design scheme addresses three areas of concerns: First, how to boost the local economy through the proposed ski resort. By limiting lodging facilities in the ski resort, we could induce more development in the nearby towns. In order to balance the economical benefit to towns of Sabuk and Gohan, we decided to have two separate ski base facilities in each town boundary. Second, how to encourage family-oriented use of the ski resort by designing user-friendly ski slope, especially for beginner skiers. We designed 50% more beginner-level ski slope compared to average ski resorts. Third, how to make environmentally-friendly ski resort by respecting the original land form. We minimized the damage to the natural environment by protecting valuable tree groves. Also, ski slopes are designed to reduce unnecessary earth movement. This was designed under the assumption that more valley-oriented slopes would result in less cutting and banking of earthwork; this assumption was verified in comparison with other ski resorts. It is expected that this desist would serve environmentally-friendly designs in ski slopes.

묘지 조성사업지의 비탈면 보호공법에 관한 연구( I ) - 강릉시 시범 공설묘지 조성사업을 중심으로 - (A study on slope protection works in cemetery establishment area ( I ) - The case of a public cemetery in Kangnung city -)

  • 전근우;유남재;차두송;이명종;박완근;한상균
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.17-33
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    • 2000
  • 강릉시 시범 공설묘지 조성사업은 경사 $30^{\circ}$의 표고차가 심한 산지를 절 성토하여 계단식 묘역단을 조성하는 공사로 수직고 15m 이상의 대절토 및 성토부가 산재하고 있다. 특히 묘역단장후 주변 유입수 및 표면 유출수에 의한 비탈면 붕괴, 묘역단 유실 등의 피해가 발생할 경우 보수 또는 보강이 사실상 어려운 실정이며, 사회적 여론으로 확대될 가능성이 크므로 비탈면 보호에 필요한 녹화공법을 검토하였다. 구체적인 연구내용으로는 설계도면 및 현장답사를 통한 문제 비탈면 추출, 비탈면의 물리적 특성과 식생의 생육상황 파악, 비탈면 주변부의 식생조사와 유용식생 선발, 비탈면의 토양조건 분석 및 비탈면 토사의 기본불성 조사 등이며, 이를 기초로 하여 비탈면 현황 및 문제점을 파악하고, 그 대안을 제시하였다.

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기계화를 전제로 한 산간경사지답경지정리방안에 관한 연구(II) (A Study on the Methodology of Land-Consolidation Sloping Paddies in land Vallry for the Farm-Mechanization (II))

  • 황은
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.57-68
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    • 1982
  • The paddy fiels slope located in Kangweon province Hwyongsung gun Gonggeun myon Shinchonri was considerably steep and so it was impossible to economically consolidate the field up to date. But for the porpose of farm mechanization, the field (32. 27ha) was consolidated by the auther under the assitance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery and,;the Administration of Kangweon province. This paddy field consolidation was caused by the treatise on "Land-consolidation methods for farm mechanization in the steep-sloped paddy field", of which the auther is the same. The constrution was carried out from September, 1981 to April, 1982. During the 4esign and construction, some Peculiarities were found and discussed. That is, in design, besides the common condititions for a design, some special conditions were considered and written below; (1) The ranges of field slope in this design were 1/100-1/30. (2) Long sides of the land readjustment blocks must be arranged abreast contour line, and so they make the amount of cutting and banking decreased so as to take the maximum advantage of the configuration of the field. (3) In design, the main principles of dividing blocks were written below; i) First of all, long side of a block should be drawn straight abreast a contour line. ii) Long side of a block should arrange abreast contour line and make its length 100-150m, if not, l)reak the side in order to make a bended rectangle. iii) Length of a short side should be determinded within differences of elevation (0.6 -1. 2m) between the two adjacent blocks toward the normal to a contour line. iv) Length of a short side should be above 15m and the ratio of long and short side should be slso kept 1: (4-6). v) A new field surface leveling was determinded from the elevation which produce the least amount of cuttingand banking within the range of 0.6-1. 2m diffe rences of elevation between the two adjacent blocks. vi) In the course of dividing blocks with the same width along the line which was normal to a contour line, all blocks connot keep their shape in a retangle because of steep slope of the field and so on, and so it was also necessory to make some non-retanglar and small blocks such as a trianglar or trapezoidal shape, which was impossible to use some of farm machinery. But because this non-rectanglar and small blocks were divided, larger and many rectanglar blocks can be divided and construction cost can also be lowered. According to the conditions discussed above, the paddy field consolidation project designed and constructed. And the results of this study were obtained as below; (1) Three-forth of total cost of this paddy field consolidation was not construction cost, and these cost consist of land grading (1/4), road and canal construction cost (1/4) and the other cost (1/4) such as surveying or materials and 56 on. (2) The steeper the land slope, the greater cost was assigned for road and canal construction, and than land grading. (3) Curtailment of the road and canal construction cost depended on simplificating their strutures. (4) In the case of the land slopes were low, the land grading cost was high by 1: 1.4 in comparison with the road and canal construction cost, and conversely when the slops were steep, the road and canal construction cost was high by 1 : 5 in compa- rison with the land grading cost. (5) The densities of irrigation canal, drainage canal and trunk and branch road were 150. Sm/ha, 60. im/ha and 17. 4m/ha respectively. The density of irrigation canal of the area was high by 2 times in comparison with the average one of Kangweon Province, and the others were nearly the same. (6) Most farmers (above 85%) knew the effects of paddy field consolidation. The effects are; 1) Improvement of irrigation 2) Improvement of farm management 3) Improvement of transportarion 4) farm mechanization and 5) grouping of the scattered land. And the more farm modernization was accomplished by these projects, the more farmers wanted to live in their land. (7) In spite of the very steep sloped paddy field, the diminution rate of the net farm land caused by consolidation was 7.7% which was nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain of Kangweon province. Land grading cost was 971, OOOwon/ha which was rather cheap by 13.2% than the one of Ghulweon plain, and unit construction cost was 5, 341, OOOwon/ha (included soil addition) which was also nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain and FNFIA (The federation of national farmland improvement association).

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