• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.201-230
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• 2008

국가의 임의적인 침해로부터 국민의 재산권과 자유권을 보호하려는 소극적인 법치국가의 역할은 오늘날 의회민주주의 시대에는 더 이상 의미를 찾을 수 없게 되었다. 왜냐하면 오늘날 개인에게 기회와 사회보장적 급부를 제공하는 국가의 역할은 자유로운 삶을 유지하는데 있어서 기본권을 침해하지 않아야 하는 것 못지않게 중요하게 되었기 때문이다. 기본권을 침해하지 않는 소극적 국가에서 기본권을 보호할 뿐만 아니라 실현하는 적극적 국가로 현대국가의 역할이 변한 것이다. 그러므로 현대 의회민주주의에서 고전적인 법치국가 기능의 발전적 변화는 국민의 기본권 보호와 실현을 위해서 의회의 더 책임 있는 입법 활동을 요구한다. 따라서 현대국가에서 기본권 중의 하나로 인식되는 사회적 기본권의 구현에 있어서도 의회의 적극적인 입법 활동이 요청된다. 그러나 행정부에 입법권을 과도하게 위임하는 한국 국회는 사회적 기본권의 구현에 있어서 현대 의회민주주의가 요구하는 기준을 충족시키지 못하고 있다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.3-18
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• 2012

경제질서라는 헌법적 문제는 어느 국가와 시대를 막론하고 항상 뜨거운 이슈가 되어 왔다. 한국에서도 국가규제의 정도와 수준에 대하여 끊임없는 논쟁이 지속되고 있다. 헌법 제119조는 시장경제질서를 원칙으로 하고 있으며, 예외적으로 시장에 대한 정부의 개입과 조정을 허용하고 있다. 헌법이 국가에게 규제와 조정의 권한을 부여한 것은 기본권의 보장과 실현이라는 최종적 헌법가치를 실현하기 위해서이다. 따라서 국가는 "시장의 자유와 창의"의 수호자로서 또한 경제민주화라는 목표달성을 위한 공정한 조정자와 중재자로서의 역할이 그 소명을 다하여야 한다. 경제헌법이 어떠한 역사적 변천과정을 겪었는지를 살펴 보고, 학설과 판례를 통해 축적된 헌법 제119조의 원리를 분석함으로써, 현재 우리 사회에서 경제헌법이 갖는 의미를 되짚어 보기로 한다. 그리고 최근 개정된 소프트웨어 산업진흥법상의 대기업참여제한제도를 고찰하여 바람직한 국가정책방향을 모색해 보기로 한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-29
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• 1992

In this study, the author researched the process in which the philosophical basis of 'Sa Sang Medicine (四象醫學)' and its methodology build up the principles of Sa Sang Medicine, and then, examined how the principles were applied to the theoretical system of Sa Sang Medicine. The conclusion would be summarized as follows. 1. 'Nae Kyung Medicine (內經醫學)' was developed under the concept that the cosmos's order and its moving rule could be directly applied to that of human body, which corresponded to the 'Theory of Hwang-No (黃老之學)'. On the contrary, Sa Sang Medicine is a thoroughly human-oriented theory formed in the Confucianism system. 2. Lee Jae-Ma's Substantialism can be briefed into 'Mind 心' (Tae Keuk 太極), 'Mind-Body 心身' (Yang Eui 兩儀) and 'Activity-Mind-Body-Matter 事心身物' (Sa Sang 四象), which respectively represents one-elemented substance, two-elemented substance and four-elemented substance. Especially, Sa Sang was used as a basic framework in which he recognized all the objects and phenomena. So, most critical significance of his substantialism consists in the intention of Sa Sang type classifying. 3. By the method of Sa Sang type classifying, Lee Jae-Ma not only redefined the main concepts of confucianism and developed a unique philosophy of his own, but also, in the field of medical science, resystemized and re-explained the structure and function of human body. 4. From the recognition that Activity-Mind-body-Matter (Sa Sang) are four different existence forms of energy 氣 (or four variation types of energy), Yi Jae-Ma thinks that the viscera of human body have a vertical structure of 'four parts 四焦' (upper, mid-upper, mid-lower and lower parts) and its physiological function is operated by the rising and falling action of four energy presentations (sorrow 哀, anger 怒, joy 喜 and pleasure 樂). 5. In "Gyuk Chi Go 格致藁", Lee Jae-Ma understood the concept of joy, anger, sorrow and pleasure on the basis of nature-emotion theory 性情論 from the philosophical viewpoint. But, from the medical viewpoint of "Dong Eui Su Se Bo Won 東醫壽世保元", he understood them on the basis of vital energy theory. That is, sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure are expression of advance or reverse of nature vital-energy 性氣 and emotion vital-energy 情氣. 6. The rising and falling action principle of four energy presentations (sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure) which produces and helps each other is an identical principles of Sa Sang Medicine, distinguished from the Oh-Haeng 五行 circulating principle in Nae Kyung Medicine. Through this principle, Lee Jae-Ma explained the viscera physiology of human body, pathology & diagnosis and pharmacology.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

The laws and policies governing Korea's game regulations are becoming more and more topics for debate as we enter the Age of Internet. The nature of the basis for Internet regulations and policies are not rooted in freedom of speech or fundamental values of democracy, but rather focused on solving real-world problems such as protection of the youth. Furthermore, the reality is that regulatory devices for keeping the social order such as regulating gambling are being applied directly to games without consideration on the characteristics of Internet gaming, raising concerns that the expansion of constitutional values and innovative empowerment inherent to the Internet are being weakened. The Geun-Hye Park Administration which succeeded Myung-Bak Lee's Administration, even went so far as to implement the so-called "Shutdown Policy", which prohibits access to Internet games during pre-defined time zones and also instigated a time zone selection rule. In order to curb the gambling nature of Internet games, government-led policies such as the mandatory personal identification and prohibition of player selection or in other words mandatory random player selection are being implemented. These institutions can inhibit freedom of speech, which is the basis of democracy, violate the right of equality through unreasonable discrimination between domestic and foreign service providers, and infringe upon the principles of administrative law, such as laws, due process in policies, and balance in among policies and governmental bodies. Going forward, if Korea's Internet game regulations and polices is to develop in a rational manner, regulatory frameworks will need to be designed to protect the nature of the Internet and its innovative values that enable the realization of constitutional values; for example, the Internet acting as the "catalytic media for freedom of expression as a fundamental human right ", which has already been acknowledged by the Korea's Constitutional Court. At the same time, transparent procedures should be put into place that will allow diverse participation of stakeholders including game service providers, game users, the youth and parents in the legislation and enforcement process of regulatory institutions; policies will also need to be transformed to enable not only regulatory laws but also self-regulation system to be established. And in this process, scientific and empirical analysis on the expected effects before introducing regulations and the results of enforcing regulations after being introduced will need to be strengthened.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.185-201
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the penalty tax system under the Customs Act of Korea and examines whether the penalty tax provision violate the constitutional principle of proportionality when imposed on a person who does not made import declaration intentionally or travelers who has not been made an import declaration of their carry-on items. It examines the provisions that adopt a penalty tax as a means to secure the effectiveness of the customs law. In relation to penalty tax, the case studies of the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court of Korea are analyzed by major issues such as the legal nature of the penalty tax, whether the penalty tax is unconstitutional, and the reasons for exemption from the penalty tax. There is no reasonable basis for the high penalty tax imposed on travelers' carry-on items for which import declaration has not been made. It is necessary to unify the penalty tax imposed when an import declaration is not made and the penalty tax on traveler's carry-on items. It is necessary to establish a limit on penalty tax and to create new regulations to exempt or reduce penalty tax when punished by administrative punishment to avoid double jeopardy. It is necessary to effectively secure the effectiveness of the Customs Act by converting the penalty tax into civil penalty that does not presuppose the faithful and accurate performance of tax obligations by the taxpayer. The government revised the penalty tax system in the Customs Act in 2019, but there are still many types of penalty tax and there are elements that are unconstitutional. It seems that the Korean government should lower the burden on the people by improving the system for the penalty tax system.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2008

다른 여타의 나라와 마찬가지로 한국의 방송법과 방송규제 시스템의 중심은 TV 방송이라 할 수 있다. 이는 TV방송이 다른 매체보다 민주주의 정치 구현을 위해 필수 불가결한 수단인 여론 형성에 봉사하는 중차대한 기능을 수행하기 때문이라 할 수 있다. 이에 헌법상에서 논의되는 방송의 자유에 대한 고찰을 시도함과 동시에 국가의 방송규제의 법리에 대한 세부적 논의를 전개 하였다. 이 글의 목적은 헌법질서 하에서의 방송의 자유와 방송규제에 대한 의미를, 표현의 자유의 관점에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 미국과 독일에서의 방송의 자유와 그 규제 법리에 대한 검토를 하였다.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.31.1-31.6
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• 2020

Introduction: Dyslipidaemia is directly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Temperament, the unique constitutional make-up of an individual, is responsible for one's personality traits, physical appearances, and disease predispositions. The rising prevalence of dyslipidaemia becomes a challenge to control morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To study clinical patterns and risk factors of dyslipidaemia and its association with temperament at the individual level was the main objective of this study. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive and analytical cross sectional study. The participants (n=88) were screened on the basis of raised serum lipid profile from the outpatient department of National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad. The data were collected on a case record form designed for this study and analyzed retrospectively. Results: In this study, there were 57% participants (n=50) of phlegmatic temperament in which mean total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were 230.92 (±49.48) mg/dl, 182.34 (±110.61) mg/dl, 153.24 (±50.21) mg/dl and 46.3 (±10.83) mg/dl respectively. Discussion: This study showed the prevalence of different clinical patterns of dyslipidaemia in the population and the phlegmatic participants were dyslipidaemic in a higher percentage. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia in phlegmatic participants may be linked to the constitutional make-up of the individual. The temperament of an individual may be considered as one of the risk factors for dyslipidaemia. Conclusion: It was concluded that the temperament of an individual may be used as a screening tool to predict the individual's tendency to develop dyslipidaemia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2018

The aim of this survey is to investigate the current state of pattern identification, treatment and management on chronic fatigue in the Korean medicine. From May 25, 2017 to June 7, we distributed contents of questionnaires to 17,992 Korean medical doctors via e-mail, and then received answers from 329 people. The surveys were conducted by a specialized research organizations. Researchers were blinded to the participant's personally identifiable information or whether they participated in the investigation. In Korea, almost Korean medicine doctors (94.5%) used pattern identification in the treatment of chronic fatigue patients. The main diagnostic methods were visceral (38.5%), qi-blood-fluid-humor (32.3%), and sasang constitutional pattern identification (14.3%). The high-frequent therapy were herbal medicine (37.0%), acupuncture (27.9%), moxibustion (11.7%), and cupping (8.6%). The primary goals of treatment were Improvement and relaxation of stress condition (18.1%), improvement of quality of life (13.1%), increase of functional vitality (34.0%), and fatigue management (23.3%). The key factors affecting treatment outcomes were the patient's aggressiveness in treatment (23.5%) and his/her lifestyle and environment(22.7%). This study was a pioneering research for chronic fatigue on the aspect of medical service provider in the Korean medicine. We hope that this study can be used as a basis for developing a more appropriate and reasonable practice guidelines for chronic fatigue.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2019

2018년 헌법개정을 통한 토지공개념 강화를 위한 개헌논란에서 보았듯이 토지와 관련된 정책문제는 지속으로 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토지공개념의 헌법적근거와 개발이익의 개념을 확인하고 헌법재판소의 판례를 통한 개발부담금 제도의 정당성을 조사한 후 개발부담금 산정의 공정성과 신뢰성 확보를 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 개발부담금 제도의 투명성확보와 투기적 개발사업의 방지, 부과권자의 행정효율화를 위하여 개발부담금 추정시스템의 개발이 필요한 점과 둘째, 납부의무자가 제출하는 개발비용 산출명세서를 전문가에게 작성토록 제도화하여 부실산정을 방지하고, 셋째, 개발비용 산출을 위한 기초자료를 인 허가 시점부터 부관에 구체적으로 명시하거나 개발부담금 부과업무징수처리규정에 적시하여 제도화할 것을 제시하였다. 그리고 공사계획변경에 의한 설계변경시에도 첨부하도록 하여 준공후 개발비용 산정시 개발사업기간내 제출된 자료를 활용하도록 하여 개발비용의 신뢰도를 높이도록 제안하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2005

Korean medicated diet (KMD) is not a simple combination of food and Chinese drugs, but a special carefully constructed diet made from Sasang constitutional medicines, food and condiments under the theoretical guidance of diet preparation based on differentiation of symptoms and signs of traditional Sasang medicine (TSM). It combines the functional efficacy of medicine with the delicacy of food, and can be used to prevent and cure diseases, build up one's health and prolong one's life. Korean traditional medicated diet has a long history of development. Although influenced by Chinese medicine, Korean traditional medicine has been developed into a unique system of traditional medicine that has surpassed the continental medical practice, sublimating itself into a native medical practice suitable to Korean lifestyles and physical constitutions. In the 19th century, Lee Jema's Sasang medicine (medicine of four types of energy determining the physical constitution) was introduced. It is an integration of mind and body according to the individual's physical constitution that is categorized allowing a customized method of treatment ideal for each category-making the content of Korean traditional medicated diet even richer. The characteristics of Korean medicated diet are as follows: (1) Laying stress on the wole, selecting medicated diet on the basis of differential diagnosis. (2) Suitable for prevention and treatment, outstanding in effect. (3) Good in taste, convenient for taking. KMD refers to drink and food according to certain prescriptions, by processing and cooking that can be used either for prevention and cure of diseases, or for health care and recovery. The purpose of this review is to introduce TSM and KMD based on Sasang constitutional medicines.