• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.338-350
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Various studies have investigated 3-dimensional (3D)-printed implants using Ti6Al-4V powder; however, multi-root 3D-printed implants have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the stability of multirooted 3D-printed implants with lattice and solid structures. The secondary outcomes were comparisons between the 2 types of 3D-printed implants in micro-computed tomographic and histological analyses. Methods: Lattice- and solid-type 3D-printed implants for the left and right mandibular third premolars in beagle dogs were fabricated. Four implants in each group were placed immediately following tooth extraction. Implant stability measurement and periapical X-rays were performed every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Peri-implant bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by micro-computed tomography. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were measured in histomorphometric analyses. Results: All 4 lattice-type 3D-printed implants survived. Three solid-type 3D-printed implants were removed before the planned sacrifice date due to implant mobility. A slight, gradual increase in implant stability values from implant surgery to 4 weeks after surgery was observed in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. The marginal bone change of the surviving solid-type 3D-printed implant was approximately 5 mm, whereas the value was approximately 2 mm in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. BV/TV and BMD in the lattice type 3D-printed implants were similar to those in the surviving solid-type implant. However, BIC and BAFO were lower in the surviving solid-type 3D-printed implant than in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. Conclusions: Within the limits of this preclinical study, 3D-printed implants of double-rooted teeth showed high primary stability. However, 3D-printed implants with interlocking structures such as lattices might provide high secondary stability and successful osseointegration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Substance P is a well known neurotransmitter and has been known to mediate pain. Recently, it has been unveiled that substance P is involved in the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to wound sites. The purpose of this study was to exam bone formation when a combination of substance P and silk fibroin was used in a bone defect model. Methods: Twenty rabbits were used and 40 calvarial defects were formed. They were divided as 4 groups (unfilled control, silk only, silk+$10{\mu}g$/ml substance P; Sub10, and silk+$100{\mu}g$/ml substance P; Sub100). All animals were humanely sacrificed 4 or 8 weeks after grafting. The specimens were analyzed by micro-computerized tomography and histological analysis. Results: When compared to the unfilled control to silk only group, there was significant difference in bone mineral density (BMD) and the attenuation coefficient (AC) at 4 weeks ($p$=0.037 and 0.038, respectively). When compared Sub10 group to Sub100 group, there was significant difference in BMD and AC at 8 weeks ($p$=0.004 for all). Residual graft amounts were $52.1{\pm}15.8$%, $15.2{\pm}9.2$% and $9.0{\pm}3.3$% for silk only, Sub10, and Sub100 groups, respectively. When comparing the residual graft amount of silk only to sub10 or sub100, the differences were statistically significant ($p$ <0.001). Conclusion: The silk fibroin scaffold showed higher BMD and AC than the unfilled control. The combination graft with substance P and silk fibroin scaffold showed a faster graft degradation than with a silk fibroin scaffold only.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.381-389
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a high fructose and fat diet on bone growth and maturation in growing female rats. Methods: Three-week-old female SD rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups; the control group (CON: fed control diet based on AIN-93G, n = 8); the high-fructose diet group (HFrc: fed control diet with 30% fructose, n = 8); the high-fat diet group (Hfat: fed control diet with 45 kcal% fat, n = 8); and the high-fat diet plus high fructose group (HFrc + HFat: fed diets 45 kcal% fat with 30% fructose, n = 8). Each group was assigned their respective diets for the remaining eight weeks. Bone-related parameters (bone mineral density (BMD) and structural parameters, osteocalcin (OC), deoxypyridinoline (DPD)) and morphologic changes of kidney were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Results: Final body weights and weight gain were higher in the HFat and HFrc + HFat groups and showed higher tendency in the HFrc group compared with those of the CON group (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference in caloric intake was observed among the four experimental groups. The serum OC levels of the HFrc and HFrc + HFat groups were lower than those of the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). Urinary levels of DPD did not differ among the experimental groups. BV/TV and Tb.N of trabecular bone were higher in the HFrc + HFat group and showed a higher tendency in the HFrc group than those of the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). Tb.Pf of trabecular bone were lower in the HFrc + HFat group than those in the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). However, no difference in trabecular BMD was observed among the experimental groups. Cortical bone volume was higher in the HFat and HFrc + HFat groups than in the CON and HFrc groups (p < 0.05). No morphology change in kidney was observed among the experimental groups. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 8 weeks of high-fructose and high fat intake could improve the bone quality (Structural parameters) of trabecular and cortical bone of tibia in growing female rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $Sasa$ $quelpaertensis$ bamboo and green tea on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation, and erythrocyte membrane Na channels in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty female rats were OVX, and ten female rats were sham-operated at the age of 6 weeks. The rats were divided into four groups at the age of 10 weeks and fed the experiment diets: sham-control, OVX-control, OVX-bamboo leaves (10%), or OVX-green tea leaves (10%) for four weeks. Final body weight increased significantly in the OVX groups compared with that in the sham-control, whereas body weight in the OVX-green tea group decreased significantly compared with that in the OVX-control ($P$ < 0.01). High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level decreased in all OVX groups compared with that in the sham-control rats ($P$ < 0.05) but without a difference in plasma total cholesterol. Plasma triglycerides in the OVX-green tea group were significantly lower than those in the sham-control or OVX-control group ($P$ < 0.05). Liver triglycerides increased significantly in the OVX-control compared with those in the sham-control ($P$ < 0.01) but decreased significantly in the OVX-green tea group compared with those in the OVX-control or OVX-bamboo group ($P$ < 0.01). Platelet aggregation in both maximum and initial slope tended to be lower in all OVX rats compared with that in the sham-control rats but was not significantly different. Na-K ATPase tended to increase and Na-K cotransport tended to decrease following ovariectomy. Na-K ATPase decreased significantly in the OVX-green tea group compared with that in the OVX-control group ($P$ < 0.01), and Na-K cotransport increased significantly in the OVX-bamboo and OVX-green tea groups compared with that in the OVX-control ($P$ < 0.05). Femoral bone mineral density tended to be lower in OVX rats than that in the sham-control, whereas the green tea and bamboo leaves groups recovered bone density to some extent. The results show that ovariectomy caused an increase in body weight and liver triglycerides, and that green tea was effective for lowering body weight and triglycerides in OVX rats. Ovariectomy induced an increase in Na efflux via Na-K ATPase and a decrease in Na efflux via Na-K cotransport. Furthermore, consumption of green tea and bamboo leaves affected Na efflux channels, controlling electrolyte and body water balance.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to nonunion in tibiotalar arthrodesis. Materials and Methods: Eighty cases of ankle arthritis treated with tibiotalar arthrodesis in our hospital from November 2008 to November 2015 with more than one year follow up were analyzed. Simple anteroposterior and lateral radiographs after 6 and 12 months of surgery were analyzed. Union was defined as more than 50% connection of the trabecular bone at the ankle joint surface in the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The nonunion group was defined as no signs of union with persistent pain 9 months after surgery. The surgical approach, type of used screw, preoperative and postoperative ankle alignment, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density, and patients' prior history were compared between the two groups. Results: There were 69 union cases and 11 nonunion cases. In the patient factors, the gender and BMI was related to nonunion (p<0.05). The mean preoperative and postoperative ankle alignment in the nonunion group was $9.93^{\circ}{\pm}6.92^{\circ}$ and $5.43^{\circ}{\pm}3.35^{\circ}$ respectively, and $9.80^{\circ}{\pm}7.55^{\circ}$ and $5.63^{\circ}{\pm}3.45^{\circ}$ in the union group, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the technical factors, the transfibular approach showed a better relationship but the association was not significant (p<0.05). In 40 cases of the transfibular approach, 12 cases used cancellous screws, and 4 cases showed nonunion due to screw breakage. Conclusion: Technical factors, such as the surgical approach and the type of screw used can be a risk factor in nonunion. In addition, patients' factors, such as gender and BMI, must be considered to reduce the nonunion rate.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Between July 2004 and August 2009, 235 patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer were treated with definitive chemoradiation or postoperative radiotherapy. Among 235 patients, 117 (49.8%) underwent the first positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) within 1 year after radiotherapy. The median radiation dose was 55 Gy (range, 45 to 60 Gy). Medical charts and imaging studies, including PET/CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT. bone scintigraphy were reviewed to evaluate the patients with PIF. Results: Among 235 patients, 16 developed PIF. The 5-year detection rate of PIF was 9.5%. The 5-year detection rate of PIF in patients who underwent the first PET/CT within a year was 15.6%. The median time to development of PIF was 12.5 months (range, 5 to 30 months). The sites of fracture included 12 sacroiliac joints, 3 pubic rami, 3 iliac bones, and 1 femoral neck. Eleven of 16 patients having PIF complained of hip pain requiring medications. One patient required hospitalization for pain control. The significant risk factors of PIF were old age, body mass index less than 23, bone mineral density less than -3.5 SD, and the first PET/CT within a year after radiotherapy. Radiation dose and concurrent chemotherapy had no impact on PIF rate. Conclusion: PIFs were not rare after pelvic radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients in the era of PET/CT. Timely diagnosis and management of PIF can improve quality of life in patients with cervical cancer, in addition to reducing unnecessary medical expenses.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2010

The milk product is one of the major foods which provide calcium for nutritional requirement. In addition to calcium, it supplies diverse nutrients including protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$. Adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime ensures optimum bone density and prevents osteoporosis in old age by reducing loss of bone mineral during growth and aging. The nutritional deficiency of calcium intake and spreading of osteoporosis in Korean population accentuated necessity of adequate calcium intake through milk consumption. Obstruction of milk consumption due to lactose intolerance should be overcome by educational programs for adequate milk consumption and low-lactose milk product developments. Consumption of milk products was reported to prevent high blood pressure in clinical studies and epidemiological investigations. As the feeding of milk increased, the body weight and fat of animal decreased in animal studies. The epidemiological investigations revealed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of milk consumption and the body fat. When calcium was provided as dietary supplement in the clinical trials, the body weight and body fat of subjects decreased. When calcium was particularly supplied as a part of milk, the body weight reduction rate was augmented. Calcium, vitamin D, and conjugated linoleic acid have been reported to exert a role in reducing cancer. The paramount importance of milk in nutrition as a source of calcium and other invaluable nutrients emphasizes consistent supply of milk products to adults as well as adolescents by dairy industry.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2009

Osteoporosis is characterized by impaired osteogenesis. BMD is a major determinant of bone strength. The role of the VDR gene in predisposition to primary osteoporosis has been recognized. However, population-based case-control studies have been reported controversial results for known candidate genes in an ethnically distinct group. To determine the genetic effects of VDR variants on osteoporosis and BMD, we directly sequenced the VDR gene in 24 unrelated Korean individuals and identified eighteen sequence variants. We investigated the potential involvement of eight SNPs in osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (n = 729). Two SNPs (LD) in intron 2, -5294G>C (rs2238135) and -4817G>A (rs17882443) showed the evidence of association with enhanced BMD of the femoral neck ($p_{additive}$=0.031 for rs2238135; $p_{additive}$=0.017 and $p_{dominant}$= 0.019 for 17882443). Moreover, VDR -4817G>A was significantly associated with protective effect on all fracture risk ($p_{recessive}$=0.035, OR=0.2, 95% CI=$0.05{\sim}0.89$), and tended to be higher BMD values at various proximal femur sites. Therefore, we suggest that the -4817G>A may be useful genetic marker for vitamin D-related metabolism and may have an important role in the increased BMD of the proximal femur in postmenopausal Korean women.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.63-85
• /
• 2010

Objective & Method: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of herbal-acupuncture with Corni Fructus extract (CF-HA) at Eumgok(KI10) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) ddy mice. I carried out several experimental items to analyze the changes in body weight, uterine weight, uterus index, tibial length, the ash bone weight, tibial BMD, the levels of serum ALP, osteocalcin, Ca, P and the levels of tibial Ca, P, Ca/P ratio, and we performed histological and histomorphological analysis as well. Result: 1. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly did not increase the level of bone mineral density in overiectomized mice. 2. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly decreased the level of serum phosphorus in ovariectomized mice and sinificantly increased the level of serum calcium in ovariectomized mice. 3. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly increased the levels of tibial calcium and phosphorus in ovariectomized mice. 4. CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) significantly decreased the number of tibial osteoclast like cell in ovariectomized mice. 5. In the histomorphometric analysis of tibia, GPL(growth plate length) was significantly decreased by CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) in ovariectomized mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that CF-HA at Eumgok(KI10) may have useful therapy effects on osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single herbal medicines and Korean herbal medicine complex prescriptions for osteoporosis in Korea. We targeted studies published in domestic journals from January 1, 2013 to April 1, 2021. For domestic databases, RISS, NDSL, OASIS, DBpia, KISS, KISTI, and Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal were used. Words such as "osteoporosis", "herbal medicine", "herbal combination prescription" and "herbal" were combined and searched. A total of 32 studies were selected. Among them, 8 studies were conducted exclusively for animal studies, 18 studies were conducted on cell experiments, and 6 studies were conducted on both animal and cell experiments. There were 18 studies using a single herb and 14 studies using a combination of Herbal medicine. As a result of the investigation of a single herb, it was found that 補陽藥 was most widely used, and it was found that it was mainly used in the herbal combination prescription, mainly for 補陽藥, 補氣藥, and 補陰藥. Studies in animal experiments revealed significant results mainly in bone mineral density, serological indicators, and morphological indicators of bone tissue. In the study of cell experiments, the effects were found in factors related to the differentiation of osteoclasts and inhibitors of inflammation. Through the results of this study, we are able to confirm the effective single herbal medicines and herbal medicine complex prescriptions for the treatment of osteoporosis, and it is expected that they will contribute to clinical treatment.