• Title/Summary/Keyword: the aimed luminous intensity

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A STUDY ON THE ILLUMINATION OF DENTAL CLINIC (치과 진료실의 조명에 관한 실태 조사연구)

  • Choi Jong-In;Kim Yu-Lee;Dong Jin-Keun
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.374-382
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the present conditions of illumination techniques in dental clinics in order to contribute improvement of operating environment. This study also aimed exploring qualitative and quantitative luminous intensity required for color temperature in dental clinic illumination, which was a critical part of esthetic dentistry. Materials and methods: A total of forty-eight local dental clinics were selected for sampling a) luminous intensity, and b) color temperature. The author measured the luminous intensity and the color temperature with lux meter and color meter respectively between 12pm and 2pm. The dental unit chair placed in the general operation positions were kept the distance 60 cm then all dental units were measured three times and averaged. The author measured the luminous intensity and color temperature with both common dental operating light and then without operating light in different office environments. The study was conducted under three conditions: 1 artificial illumination in clear day light 2. artificial illumination in cloudy day light, and 3. artificial illumination alone. Results : The results obtained were as follows. 1. The average luminous intensity in dental clinic lighting was 425 lux which was not sufficient to produce the optimal shade of the patient's teeth. Furthermore, the average luminous intensity even in full operating lighting was 9532 lux which fell short of the required level of 10,000 lux. 2. The average color temperature of all dental clinics surveyed was 5169 K which met the optimal range. However, only 33.3% fell in the correct region between 5,000-5,500 K as 25% were over 5,500 K and 41.6% were below 5,000 K. As a result, 66.7% were under insufficient color temperature conditions. 3. The dental unit chair placed next to a window, hence exposure to natural lighting, had significantly higher luminous intensity and color temperature compared to the dental unit chair which didn't have a window or natural lighting. 4. The data analysis revealed that only 6.3% of the dental clinic were met the standard of the average luminous intensity and color temperature.

Evaluation of the Luminous Intensity Distribution of Stop Lamp for Agricultural Tractors (농업용 트랙터 제동등 광도 성능 평가)

  • Kim, Hyung-Kweon;Kim, Yu-Yong;Shin, Seoung-Yeoup;Kim, Byoung-Gap;Lee, Ho-Sang
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.416-421
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    • 2011
  • This study was initiated to prevent rear-end collision which causes the most frequent human damage by agricultural tractors. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the luminous performance of a stop lamp for an agricultural tractor which could reduce rear-end collision. The performance test of luminous intensity distribution was conducted for a total of 12 tractor models classified by size (above 44 kW for large, 30~43 kW for medium, and below 29 kW for small) and production area (domestic, foreign manufacture) in accordance with Regulation No.7 of UNECE Vehicle Regulations-1958 Agreement considering ${\pm}$20 standard deviation. Three out of 5 large, 3 out of 4 medium, and all small tractors were resulted as inadequate for the test criterion. This study found that the luminous performance results were better as the size of agricultural tractors became bigger. One out of 4 foreign and 2 out of 8 domestic manufacturers were suitable for the test criterion, and overall no difference from the luminosity test results was observed between domestic and foreign manufacturers. In addition, the measuring points, HV, 5L, 5R, 5U and 5D with the minimal luminosity revealed flaws (80% of the proportion of faulty products). Therefore, it is urgent to improve the quality for measuring points (HV, 5U, 5L, 5R, 5D) of stop lamps to apply Regulation No. 7.

Verification and Development of Lighting Design Data for Office in Korea (Focused on the Evaluation of Lighting Energy and Cooling Load) (사무소를 위한 조명설계 자료의 개발과 검증 (조명에너지와 냉방부하를 중심으로))

  • Kim, Eun-Hee;Suh, Seung-Jik
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.1043-1048
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    • 2006
  • This paper aimed to verify and develop lighting design data for offices in Korea. It focused on a Korean standard office value relative to lighting density and the evaluation of lighting energy and cooling load. When planning indoor lighting design, we generally utilize the lighting density value which is set $14W/m^2$ by the ASHRAE/IES standard office value. However, the value is not appropriate to apply in Korea where higher efficiency lamps are more popular than others. For calculation of a proper lighting density of Korea, we analysed distribution curves of luminous intensity(2-lamp fluorescent lighting fixture with Parabolic) and derived the new lighting density $12.64W/m^2$ as Korea standard office value. In the simulation using this value, it was shown that lighting energy and cooling load could be reduced.

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The Development of 3 Dimensional Reflector Design Method for HID Lamps (HID 램프용 반사갓의 3차원 설계법 개발)

  • Kim, Jin-Woo;Park, Jong-Hwan;Kim, Jin-Gu;Kim, Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.23-27
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    • 2003
  • Using pervious two-dimensional reflector design method, the three-dimensional reflector design method is developed for extrusion molding HID specular reflector optical design, Using this method, a HID reflector for tunnel was developed and estimated its performance.

Appropriateness Assessment of Illuminance-Based Evaluation Method in Automotive Headlight Visibility Performance (조도 기반 자동차 전조등 시인 성능 평가 방법의 적정성 평가)

  • Cho, Wonbum
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.165-173
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    • 2017
  • PURPOSES : The current practice in car headlight visibility performance evaluation is based on the luminous intensity and illuminance of headlight. Such practice can be inappropriate from a visibility point of view where visibility indicates abilities to perceive an object ahead on the road. This study aimed at evaluating the appropriateness of current headlight evaluation method. METHODS : This study measured the luminance of object and road surface at unlit roadways. The variables were measured by vehicle type and by headlight lamp type. Based on the measurements, the distance where drivers can perceive an object ahead was calculated and then compared against such distance obtained by conventional visibility performance evaluation. RESULTS : The evaluation method based on illuminance of headlight is not appropriate when viewed from the visibility concept that is based on object-perceivable distance. Further, the results indicated a shorter object-perceiving distance even when road surface luminance is higher, thereby suggesting that illuminance of headlight and luminance of road surface are not the representative indices of nighttime visibility. CONCLUSIONS : Considering that this study utilized limited vehicle types and that road surface (background) luminance can vary depending on the characteristics of the given road surface, it would likely go too far to argue that this study's visibility performance evaluation results can get generalized to other conditions. Regardless, there is little doubt that the current performance evaluation criterion which is based on illuminance, is unreasonable. There should be future endeavors on the current subject which will need to explore study conditions further, under which more experiments should be conducted and effective methodologies developed for evaluating automotive headlight visibility performance. Needs are recognized particularly in the development of headlight visibility performance evaluation methodology which will take into account road surface (background) luminance and luminance contrast from various perspectives as the former indicates the driver's perception of the front road alignment and the latter being indicative of object perception performance.

Simulation of undewater irradiance distribution in coastal squid jigging vessel using the LED and metal halide fishing lamp combination (LED와 메탈헬라이드 집어등을 겸용한 연안 오징어채낚기 어선의 수중 방사조도 분포 시뮬레이션)

  • Bae, Jae-Hyun;An, Heui-Chun;Kim, Mi-Kyung;Park, Hae-Hun;Jung, Mee-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.511-519
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    • 2014
  • This study is aimed to analyze the three-dimensional underwater irradiance using an optical simulation software and to clarify the propriety and operation method under considering luminous intensity distribution of the luring lamp and penetrability in the seawater, when we use the light diffuser type 300W high powered LED and the metal halide lamp (MHL) on a coastal squid jigging vessel in the 10-ton class, simultaneously. For their attenuation characteristics of each wavelength in relation to the sea, LED lamp was to be effective in the 1.9-fold at 50 m depth and 2.1-fold at 80 m for underwater irradiance more than MHL according to the power consumption. In addition, the underwater irradiance distribution using the LED and MHL combination was rather increased even when reducing total power usage up to 20% depending on the simulation with changing the configuration and lighting angle of the lamp. These results can be utilized as an evaluation method of the operation and performance of the LED lamp according to adjusting its arrangement and lighting angle.

The Actual State and Evaluation of Artificial Lighting on Coffee Houses Using Study Place around University (학습공간으로 이용되는 대학주변 커피전문점의 조명 실태 및 평가)

  • Choe, Sol-ji;Choi, Yoon-Jung
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 2011
  • This study aimed at suggesting improvement of lighting environment of the coffee house using study place. To this end, a series of field investigation was conducted in four possible target coffee houses around university. The field measurement included measurement of general illuminance and tabletop illuminance, observing illumination condition, and status of artificial lighting. Also, on-site questionnaire survey was administrated to 80 users of field measurement targets about using characteristics of coffee house and user's subjective response on light environment. The results are summarized as follows: (1) According to questionnaire survey, most of users checked 'learning (study and reading)' in 'purpose of coffee house using', and 'slightly dark' was checked most in each subjective response (brightness on general space and on tabletop at daytime/night); (2) as results of measurements on general illuminance and on tabletop illuminance during daytime, only one coffee house was suitable for standard; (3) as results of measurements on illuminance during night, all target coffee houses were not met the standard; (4) as results of uniformity ratios, almost uniformities of general illuminance were not met the standard except one case. The common problems of lighting environment of coffee house were analyzed as lack of daylight illumination e.g. having low amount of sunshine from skylight, un-uniformity of insolation by floor plan and absence of window blind, and un-uniformity of artificial luminous intensity e.g. lack of the number or brightness of artificial lighting, using the indirect lighting, using only local lighting, and non-uniform arrangement of artificial lighting.