• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

This study investigated the management importance and performance level of foodservice managers at senior centers. Using the survey, perceived importance and performance levels of seven foodservice management areas were evaluated and analyzed. Data showed the foodservice facilities were being managed by dietitians (61.6%) or non-dietitians (38.9%). The result indicated that overall importance level (3.43) was higher than performance level (3.02) (p<.01). As of the IPA result, dietitians and non-dietitians had different perspectives in terms of managing the eight categories of foodservice areas. The differences in the IPA results between the two groups may reflect bias attributable to the respondents' degrees of knowledge and professional preparation. The research findings could enhance our understanding of importance of hiring professional dietitians to operate foodservice at senior centers and find out which management area should be concentrated for more effective foodservice management.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.267-286
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• 2024

This study investigates the perceptions toward prospective elementary teachers regarding the revised 2015 elementary mathematics curriculum. The aim is to understand the importance and implementation of the revised curriculum and provide implications for curriculum improvement in elementary teacher education institutions, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The research findings are as follows: Firstly, prospective elementary teachers perceived that the areas of the revised 2015 elementary mathematics curriculum that require particular focus are number and operations and data and probability. Secondly, they identified the specific elements within these areas that demand dedicated attention as follows: numbers up to four digits in number and operations, mixed calculations with natural numbers, shapes of solid figures, spatial sense of solid figures, comparison of quantities in measurement, etc. These findings can inform the improvement of the curriculum in elementary teacher education institutions.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2016

This study has systematically classified established the agricultural management risks from the agricultural company's position and analyzed their counterplan situation in order to seek measures to counteract this. The AHP & IPA technique were used as an analysis method concerning the evaluation results. The counterplan situation was deduced through an interview investigation of 112 farmers who produce cabbage, white radish, onion, garlic, chili, and 6 other such items in order to stereotype the risks. If the agricultural companies' management capacity is raised in accordance to the risk counterplan deduced from this study, and the risks of agricultural management activity are avoided ahead of time or counter means are activated, we can anticipate the stabilization of agricultural management.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2024

Effective pain management is crucial for the successful performance of various endodontic procedures. Painless treatments are made possible by anesthetizing the tooth to be treated using various nerve-block techniques. However, certain circumstances necessitate supplemental anesthetic techniques to achieve profound anesthesia, especially in situations involving a "hot tooth" in which intrapulpal anesthesia (IPA) is employed. IPA is a technique that involves the injection of an anesthetic solution directly into the pulp tissue and is often utilized as the last resort when all other anesthetic techniques have been unsuccessful in achieving complete pulpal anesthesia. This review focuses on the IPA procedure and the factors that influence its success. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, disadvantages, and future directions of IPA are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2005

본 연구에서 광촉매 $TiO_2$/P-25를 알루미늄 금속판에 코팅하여 코팅 조건에 따른 IPA 분해 활성을 고찰한 결과, 무기계 바인더인 KR-400, 유$\cdot$무기복합 바인더인 TMOS, 유기계 바인더인 A-9540을 사용하여 코팅한 알루미늄 금속판의 표면상은 모두 깨끗하였다. 부착력은 무기계 바인더를 제외한 바인더에서 우수한 것으로 나왔다. 또한 IPA 분해 효율은 무기계 바인더 < 유$\cdot$무기 복합 바인더 < 유기계 바인더 순으로 나타났다. 유$\cdot$무기복합 바인더와 P-25의 비율을 10: 10, 8.3: 10, 6.6: 10, 5: 10, 3.3: 10, 1.6: 10으로 바꾸어 광분해 실험을 수행한 결과, 1.6:10일 때 IPA 분해 효율이 가장 우수하였다. 상용화된 타사(A사, B사) 제품과의 성능 비교 결과, 본 연구에서 사용한 바인더(A-9540): P-25의 비율을 1: 6으로 배합하여 코팅 한 알루미늄 판의 IPA분해 효율이 가장 우수하였다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 2012

The effect of organic impurities on the electrical properties of a neat epoxy resin was studied. 0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 phr of iso-propyl alcohol (IPA) and methylene chloride (MC) mixture (50/50 wt%) were used as impurities. The current density, volume resistance and impedance characteristics of the epoxy/IPA/MC systems were measured with a high voltage source meter and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and it was found that Tg decreased slightly with increasing IPA/MC content. It was also found that Tg values of the epoxy systems with various IPA/MC contents were closely related to the current density, volume resistance and impedance characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.173-174
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• 2016

Domestic construction industry has trouble in ensuring competitiveness by aging of skilled labors and lack of innovation in construction technologies. Under the current circumstances, the construction automation technology becomes an useful alternative for enhancing competitiveness through productivity, quality and safety improvement. Thus, this study analyzes the priority in developing construction automation technology using IPA technique. The results show that repetitive and heavy material-included activities have high priority, and will be used as preliminary data for establishing reasonable target and range of construction automation.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.185-193
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• 2000

이방성 습식 식각을 이용하여 멤브레인을 제작하기 위하여 KOH-IPA의 식각액을 사용하여 단결정 실리콘 기판을 이방성으로 식각을 하고, 각 용액에 대한 식각 특성을 관찰하였다. 식각률은 식각액의 온도와 농도에 의존하며, 패턴 형성 방향과 식각액의 농도에 따라 식각 형태가 다르게 나타났다. 패턴은 Primary Flat에 45°로 기울여 형성되었으며 20wt·% KOH 80℃ 이상에서는 U-groove, 그 이하의 온도와 농도에서는 V-groove 식각 형태를 관찰할 수 있었다. 각 면에 대한 식각률 차이에 의해서 생기는 Hillock은 온도와 농도가 높아짐에 따라 줄어들었고, 재식각을 퉁하여 현저하게 줄어듦을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 광촉매 $TiO_2$/p-25를 POF에 코팅하여 IPA 분해 활성을 고찰한 결과, 코팅 시 용매의 조건은 에탄올에서 IPA의 분해효율이 가장 우수하였고 무기바인더(KR-400), 유기바인더(A-9540) 및 무$\cdot$유기 복합바인더(GPTMS, TMOS)중에서 유기 바인더인 A-9540을 사용했을 때 효율이 가장 우수한 것으로 나왔다. 유기 바인더는 광분해반응에 의하여 바인더 자체가 분해되고 무기 바인더는 부착성이 떨어졌다. 유$\cdot$무기 복합 바인더 중에서 광분해 효율이 뛰어난 TMOS를 바인더로 선정하여 TMOS/P-25의 비율을 0.05부터 1로 바꾸어 광분해 실험을 수행한 결과, 바인더로써 TMOS의 첨가는 IPA분해 효율을 낮게 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Printing Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.0-0
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• 1999