• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.2 s.9
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2002

The Purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of the medicine mainly using the Hyangyak(鄕藥) in the early Chosun by analyzing the text in ${\ulcorner}$Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)${\lrcorner}$ and comparing it with other medical books. To start out this grand investigation, the research was focused on ${\ulcorner}$Sanghanmun(傷寒門)${\lrcorner}$, Vol.5-8 of ${\ulcorner}Hyangyakjipseongbangs{\lrcorner}$. The conclusion made in this study is as follows: 1. All of the prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}Sanghanmun{\lrcorner}$, was made up of the Hangyak listed in ${\ulcorner}$HyangyakBoncho(鄕藥本草)${\lrcorner}$, Vol.76-85 of ${\ulcorner}Hyangyakjipseongbangs{\lrcorner}$ 2. The main purpose of ${\ulcorner}Sanghanmun{\lrcorner}$ was to make sure it was easy to use for people with no medical backgrounds. To have a more specific understanding on the medicine mainly llsing the Hyangyak, further research should be done on how the catergory of the Hangyak changed. This should be done by comparing the books written after the ${\ulcorner}Hyangyakjipseongbangs{\lrcorner}$, and also on the characteristics of the usage of prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}Hyangyakjipseongbangs{\lrcorner}$.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.3-16
• /
• 2003

In researches done previously, the characteristics of the Hyangyak medicine in the early period of Chosun shown in "HyangyakBoncho(鄕藥本草)" in Vol. 76-85 of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)" and "Sanghan section(傷寒門)" in Vol. 5-8 of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)" was investigated. "Cough section(咳嗽門)" in "Various Diseases volume" of "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑 雜病篇)" Vol. 5 and "Various Coughs section(諸咳門)" of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)" Vol 24-25 which is a paragraph related to "Sanghan section(傷寒門)" was compared. The variety of the Hyangyak, processing methods and forms of the Hyangyak were shown by comparing each oriental medical botany(本草) used for treating cough(咳嗽) in "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)". Subsequently, the difference between each structure and medical theory was speculated. The facts revealed in this research is as follows. First, [Various Coughs section(諸咳門)] of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)" uses only the Hyangyak, and no foreign medicines were used for treating cough(咳嗽) in "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)". Second, in [Various Coughs section(諸咳門)] of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)", medicines related to diet and medicines taken raw were widely used, and various forms of medicine such as extracts, plasters, and gruels were used. Third, like other medical books in earlier periods, [Various Coughs section(諸咳門)] of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)" describes the medical theory with conciseness, and keeps the structure of symptom classification focused on treatment and prescription. Fourth, as [Hyangyakboncho(鄕藥本草)] extensively uses the knowledge of oriental medical botany(本草) from two of Four Masters of GeumWon(金 元); JangWonSo(張元素) and LeeDongWon(李東垣), "Various Coughs section(諸咳門)" of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)" quotes the books of JuDanGae but does not adopt the theory and prescriptions of 'replenishing yin and downbearing fire (滋陰降火)'. To find a more descriptive picture of the Hyangyak medicine for the treatment of 'cough(咳嗽)', a comparatitive study between the books written in the same period -"Euibangyuchui(醫方類聚)" and books compilated in China should be done, and there should be more profound researches done on individual medicines and prescriptions.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze how medical texts in Joseon Dynasty have changed in time and to understand their characteristics. Medical texts that reflect the medical standards of the time were enable us to look into how medical bureaucrats were trained and education policies related to the training. Chinese medicine influenced Joseon Dynasty's medicine in different ways at different times. Before the Imjin War, Joseon dynasty's medicine was largely under the influence of the Song dynasty's medicine. After the war, the four noted physicians of Jin-Yuan era had increasingly more significant influence, along with the introduction of Ming dynasty's medicine. The facts found through this study include : 1) the basic courses were composed of Chandomac (纂圖脈), Dongingyeong (銅人經), and Boncho (本草); 2) Josenization of medical division system was established for the first time during the reign of King Sejo (世祖), and updated throughout the time of the King Seongjong (成宗) and King Sun Jo (宣祖); 3) Hyangyak (鄕藥) education with medical texts was limited to some periods like King Seongjong (成宗) and King Sejo (世祖); 4) the high proportion of Bangseo (方書) in the early era gradually decreased, and more of specialized and comprehensive medical books came to find their way into the standard curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.60-70
• /
• 2017

This study traces the development of physic gardens in Korea and explores their significance in the history of landscape architecture. For this purpose, records related to physic gardens from medical sources from the period of the Three States to the Joseon dynasty, when herbal medicine was systematized as a field, were searched. Physic gardens had been developed by the time of the late Goryeo and early Joseon dynasties, in the 13th and the 15th centuries. Yakpo(kitchen gardens for medicinal herbs) were cultivated by a group of new high-level officials in the late Goryeo dynasty, when an increasing interest in hyangyak(native herbs) emerged under the influence of the Neo-Confucian perspective on nature, which emphasized locality. The sources analyzed in this study confirm that physic gardens called jong-yakjeon(royal medicinal herb gardens) were in operation in the early Joseon dynasty when policies to investigate, discover, cultivate, and research native herbs were put into place. It is likely that the jong-yakjeon were established at the beginning of the Joseon dynasty as subsidiary facilities under its central medical institutions, the Naeuiwon and Hyeminseo, and then declined in the late Joseon dynasty. Jong-yakjeon can be confirmed to have existed in the mid-15th century. Physic gardens were located in several places outside the Fortress Wall of Hanyang, such as Yakhyeon, Yuldo, Yeoudo, and Saari. The total area encompassed by physic gardens was about 160,000 square meters in the early 18th century. In jong-yakjeon, dozens of medicinal herbs were cultivated, including Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonica, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, and these gardens were operated by physicians dispatched from the Naeuiwon and dozens of provincial slaves. In conclusion, the jong-yakjeon were similar to the physic gardens of Renaissance medical universities in that they reflected the interest in and development of theories about new herbs, and were similar to the physic gardens of medieval castles and monasteries in terms of species types, location, and function. This paper has limitations in that it does not present the specific spatial forms of the yakpo or the jong-yakjeon. Nevertheless, this paper is significant for the field of garden history because it shows that physic gardens in Korea appeared in the late Goryeo and early Joseon dynasties concomitantly with the development of medicine towards native herbs and functioned as utilitarian gardens to cultivate community remedies.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.111-133
• /
• 2006

This study was examined to reveal the medical Science of Balhae which was not well displayed until now. For this, the category of the medical science of Balhae(渤海) was decided in diachronic and synchronic perspective and the concrete contents of the medical science of Balhae(渤海) was presumed. Balhae(渤海) succeeded to the medical science of Koguryo(高句麗) and its orthodoxy. Through the interchange between Balhae(渤海) and the country as Dang(唐) and Shilla(新羅), Balhae(渤海) accepted new medical knowledge. Balhae(渤海) had a customs to eat a cake made of rice flour and artemisia paste on the Tano Festival(端午) to overcome its constitutional character. And medicines as Gon-po(昆布), Doo-shi were treated valuable. and they used Ondol(溫突). Balhae(渤海) advanced suigeneris abscess medicine(治腫醫學), and they valued much of Hyangyak(鄕藥). And they took the serious view on the scripture in the education and on the simplic in the clinic. It shows Balhae(渤海) had the unique medical tradition of our nation. The medical institution and medical educational system of Balhae(渤海) was fundamental to that of Koguryo(高句麗), and it was established in the reference of the system of Dang(唐) and Shilla(新羅). It influenced the establishment of medical system and medical education of Corea(高麗) later on. And the medical doctor of the Balhae(渤海) who was dispatched to Japan imparted the advanced medicine of Balhae(渤海) and it was fundamental to the Japanese medical development. Balhae(渤海) produced superior acupuncture on the basis of superior materials which are represented as metalwork technology and Corea-copper(高麗銅) which are handed down from the Old-Chosun(古朝鮮) and Koguryo(高句麗). And we can suppose the level of Balhae(渤海) through the fact that the acupunctual technique of Koguryo(高句麗) was spread out to the nearby country. By the tradition of acupuncture and moxibustion, the theory of Bi-bo(裨補) that cure a disease on the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion appeared in the north and south branch period(南北國時代). And we can prusure the level of acupuncture of Balhae(渤海) through this fact. Balhae(渤海) educated herbal medicine with priority given to Shin-nong-bon-cho-kyong(神農本草經) stand on the serious view on the scripture. They produced a various herbs on the basis of broad territory and suigeneris herbal medicine. It is famous herb of Balhae(渤海), that To-sa-ja, Gon-po(昆布), Doo-shi, Ginseng(人蔘), Woo-hwang(牛黃), Song-ja(松子), Hwang-myung-kyo (黃明膠), Baek-bu-ja(白附子), Sa-hyang(麝香), Honey(蜜).