• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.6
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• pp.219-239
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• 2000

There has been a growing enthusiasm in Korea for the early education of English as a foreign language (EFL). The present study examined the validity of the Critical Period Hypothesis in terms of the Universal Grammar (UG), in three different types of learning contexts - first language (L1), second language (SL), and foreign language (FL) learning contexts. While previous research findings in L1 and SL learning contexts suggest that UG principles and parameters are accessible to language learners only for the early years of lifetime, this article argues that their results - and even the methods - cannot be applied to EFL settings and that independent studies on the EFL context are, required. It also proposes the recent UG notion of functional categories as the most appropriate subject in the discussion of Korean EFL learners' access to UG. Findings on foreign language contexts, including the author's own, strongly indicate that UG is not sensitive to learners' starting ages in FL settings. If young children in FL contexts cannot develop their interlanguage grammar based on UG, the existing teaching methods for young children should be revised.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

The purpose of the research is to track the morphological transformation of apartment complex sites in Busan, especially focusing on building arrangement on apartment complex sites. Though there have been numerous studies regarding apartment housing, only few studies have been performed about the building arrangement. The arrangement has been poorly treated and not well disclosed as compared with other apartment-based research such as form of residential towers, floor plan, etc. The building arrangement is one of the most critical decisions at the early design stage and is affected by numerous social aspects such as building/zoning code, market demand, cultural preference, etc. Thus, the transformation of the arrangement may provide the hint for the change of socio-cultural demands of apartment housing. The research has been done on the existing 269 apartment complexes which have been built through 2016 in Busan. There are three categories set for analysis: relationship between buildings, relation between road and buildings, and the building arrangement along site perimeter. The result shows that significant change has occurred since 2000s; the arrangement has become diverse from three types to seven types. The early model of parallel or lattice types have been dominant until 2000, but the skewed one replaced the parallel or lattice types in Period V and Period VI, which is from 2001 through 2016.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.105-122
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• 2012

This article aims that Chinese characters represented in Korean films have been explored for historical consideration of Korean's viewpoint on Chinese from early modern to the present day. During Japanese colonial period, Chinese had been hateful and feared by most of Korean because Korean had been acted high-handedly by chinese in early modern time and had covertly regarded chinese as threatening competitors in economical part of the colony, refered to the chinese characters represented in the films, For the Lover(1928) and Secret of Chinese Street(1928). Chinese had been called as enemy forces in Korean movies, such as Marines are Gone(1963), Dragon competed with tiger(1974) made with Korean battle field setting and Manchuria setting developed a Korean independence movement, after Korean War in the 1960-70s maintained the cold war system in the World. According to analyzing chinese characters depicted in Failan(2001), A Good Rain Knows(2010), Korean public have a friendly attitude with contemporary Chinese as China has been the great trade partner of Korea with interdependent relationship after 1992, the year of Korea have established diplomatic ties with China.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 2000

Two species of fusulinids, viz., Pseudoschwagerina paraborealis and Quasifusulina sp. are described from the limestone core sample(90-B-1). The core sample was obtained from Imgokri, Boeungun, Chungcheongbukdo, Korea. Recognition of Pseudoschwagerina helped the authors to establish the Pseudoschwagerina Zone. Pseudoschwagerina paraborealis has been reported from the Bamchi Formation of Yeongweol coalfield in Korea and also from the Asselian and Sakmarian strata in Eurasia. The occurrence of Pseudoschwagerina paraborealis in the Boeun coalfield demonstrates the existence of the early Permian strata that are equivalent to the Bamchi Formation of Yeongweol coalfield. The authors report Quasifusulina sp. which indicates the early Permian period as well as Pseudoschwagerina paraborealis. It is the first time that the species of early Permian fusulinids are identified from the Boeun coalfield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.4 s.113
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• pp.45-60
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• 2007

Characteristics of Hanbok's traditional coloration have been carried on, based on social/cultural background of the past. Today, Hanbok is classified as traditional Hanbok, improved Hanbok, living Hanbok. Their designs, materials and colorations show significant differences. In this study, first, we have categorized and arranged the coloration trend of the women's Hanbok according to the types of coloration since 2000s. Secondly, Hanbok is classified as traditional Hanbok, improved Hanbok, and living Hanbok. And then examining their coloration trend and coloration characteristics of different types of Hanbok, so we can find the purpose far increasing understanding of various color beauty and coloration of today's Hanbok. The findings of this research are summarized as follows; 1. Traditional Hanbok coloration is influenced by the modern rotor and tone, and is apt to show the trend of emphasizing individuality. 2. Hanbok coloration of middle period in 2000's has become to use high value and chroma, giving more bright and luxurious impression then the early period. 3. For this study, we have categorized the total of 277 women's Hanboks by their coloration trends, through studying traditional Hanbok catalogues that enclosed vividly colored pure silk samples. As a result, it shows the order of contrary coloration(149), tone on tone coloration(56), similar coloration(23), monochrome coloration(20), tone in tone coloration(17), and 화학섬유chrome coloration(12). 4. Traditional, improved and living Hanbok show differences not only in their designs or materials but also in colorations. Using of traditional coloration is applied to traditional Hanbok and improved Hanbok in that order, and mostly the value and chroma of living Hanbok colorations are low, which emphasizes easiness to move and practicality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.27-47
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• 2000

The main project of the village mini-library movement is to establish and guide mini-libraries in the rural villages in Korea since 1961 in order to promote reading campaign. The purpose of this study is to examine into early developmental process of Korean mini-library movement from the formative period to 1967. Therefore, this study analyzes the principles of this movement, the policies for rearing mini-libraries, financial accommodation and the performance of this movement in 1960's. The study, in final, reviews the overall figure of the early process of this movement in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.3 s.93
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the changing process of hairstyle and the fashion trend of hairstyle in the environment where it is possible to change one's hairstyle easily arid .display oneself in various ways and the interest in hairstyle is increasing. To examine the change of real university girls' hairstyle, I selected commencement pictures of Chungnam University as material. As a method of analysis, I compared and anaylized each time period's fashion trend and the change of real university girls' hairstyle after abstracting formative element of hairstyle on the basis of preceding studies on hairstyle and measuring frequency by element of each time period. Analyzing university girls' pictures showed that many of them had curls when various perms appeared and majority of them had straight style when straight perm and magic iron appeared. When products of hairstyling were on the market and globalization changed sense of beauty, it was highly popular to set up forelock with hairstyling products. In a pluralistic social environment, desire for color aspect other than formative aspect increased. As various hairdyes were developed, hairdyeing was generalized and university girls came to accept it as natural. Fashion trend of each time period and university girls' hairstyle showed generally similar trend. In mid 1980s, curl was popular, and, in late 1980s, straight style and setting up forelock with hairstyling products were on the increase. In early 1990s, the emergence of coating perm which combined perm and hairdyeing increased hairdyeing. In late 1990s, straight style was popular and layers expressed naturalness. In early 2000s, university girls showed off their long hair in various ways and hairdyeing drastically increased.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.150-162
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• 2011

For the period between 1991 and 2009, the annual average of 448 forest fires occurred in Korea. Above all, approximately 94% of the total fires frequently occurred during the spring and fall seasons. Therefore, we need to minimize the damage of forest fire and manage them systematically. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution patterns for the frequency of forest fire occurrences by each city and gun during dry season between 1990s and 2000s using GIS. Then we compared to analyze the frequency of forest fire occurrence by ten-day intervals in 2000s with that in 1990s. As a result of analysis, early April showed the highest frequency of forest fire occurrence in both 1990s and 2000s. Compared to the 1990s and 2000s, the regional change of forest fire showed the most frequent fire events around Chungcheong province. Especially extra 27 fires increased in Daejeon city, and the second most frequent fire had more than 10 fires in Jeolla province and Incheon. However, the number of fire frequency decreased by 12 fires at the end of April in Hongcheon-gun(the province of Gangwon). This is the largest drop over the study period. We consider that this paper will utilize usefully to establish regional counterplan for forest fire prevention by understanding regional forest fire patterns from seasonal change.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

In this paper, the periods of cold weather concrete and early frost damage depending on each region in South Korea were studied using the climate data from Korea meteorological administration. The specifications of Korea Concrete Institute(KCI) and Architectural Institute of Japan(AIJ) were applied to provide the periods of cold weather concrete. The periods of early frost damage risk(EFD) were calculated by Hasegawa's suggestion depending on 91 cities in Korea. Climate data for 5 years (2008~2012) were used to obtain both of the periods. Existing data from 1971 to 2000 were also used to compare differences in the periods between past and present study. The periods of cold weather concrete by KCI were calculated about 98 days on average. As the latitude goes up and close to mountain areas, the periods tend to be increased. The periods by present study was shown to be reduced compared to that of previous study by 1~2days. The period of EFD was provided with the level of daily lowest temperature from $-5^{\circ}C$, $-2^{\circ}C$ and $0^{\circ}C$. The beginning day of the period of EFD was earlier than the period of cold weather concrete and the finishing day of the period of EFD was later than the period of cold weather concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

The modern day architectural giant, Maki Fumihiko, has lived through both the early and the more recent modernism, Contemporary. In the 1950's he was faithful to the spirit that was founded on the early modernity, Metabolism. In his later years in the 2000's, his style can be distinguished into Neo-Modernism which was based on local influence. The educational system at Washington University and the modern city of Saint Louis carries the continuation of Fumihiko Maki's early and later architectural career. Steinberg Hall and Kemper Art Museum have been built adjacent to each other in an extended period of time. These two projects encompass the changes in the era that has gone through modernism, transformation of an architect's career, and the maturation of the university. Steinberg Hall carries the ideal and the spirit of young Fumihiko Maki, therefore, the basic platform of experimentation of the early Metabolist has been applied. Spatial theory that concentrates on the integration of relations is also evident in this project. In contrast, Kemper Art Museum expresses the work of a 78 year-old veteran from the perspective of Neo-Modernism. This piece focuses on the internal space through the coexistence of a variety of space, and with that it notably interprets the integration of the pieces to the whole as a set theory. The partial change that we see is the evidence of the change in the early and the later modernism, while maintaining the innocence and the spirit of it. This is to highlight the fact that, ultimately, the goal of architecture is to secure the human race's honesty and their freedom expressed through space.