• 제목/요약/키워드: the American West

검색결과 95건 처리시간 0.028초

Influence of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension on Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Meta-analysis

  • Tang, Yun-Hao;Zhu, Wen-Jiang;Wen, Tian-Fu
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.1649-1654
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    • 2014
  • Background: Clinically significant portal hypertension (PHT) is considered as a contraindication for hepatectomy according to the guidelines of the European Association for Study of Liver and the American Association for Study of Liver Diseases. However, this issue remains controversial. Here we performed a metaanalysis to evaluate the impact of PHT on the results of hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Cohort studies evaluating the impact of clinically significant PHT, defined as oesophageal varices and/or splenomegaly associated with thrombocytopenia, on the results of hepatectomy for HCC were identified using a predefined search strategy. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for PHT and outcomes after hepatectomy for HCC were calculated. Results: Seven cohort studies which including 574 cases with PHT and 1,354 cases without PHT were considered eligible for inclusion. The meta-analysis showed that, in all patients, pooled RRs of post-operative liver failure, post-operative ascites, peri-operative blood transfusion, operative mortality, 3- and 5-year overall survival associated with PHT were 2.23 (95% CI: 1.48-3.34, P=0.0001), 1.77 (95% CI: 1.19-2.64, P=0.005), 1.23 (95% CI: 1.03-1.49, P=0.03), 2.58 (95% CI: 1.12-5.96, P=0.03), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75-0.88, P<0.00001) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.85, P<0.00001), respectively. In subgroup analysis, similar results were found in Child-Pugh class A patients. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that presence of oesophageal varices and/or splenomegaly associated with thrombocytopenia is associated with higher rates of post-operative complications and poor long-term survival after hepatectomy for HCC.

한국 동해안의 지진해일(Tsunami) 예측 (Tsunami Forecasting along the East Coast of Korea)

  • 추교승
    • 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지진공학회 1997년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
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    • pp.57-69
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    • 1997
  • All of the Tsumami which affected severly the east coast of the Korean Peninsula in the years 1741-1993 are caused by earthquakes occurred along the boundary sea of Japan and norther Honshu. These earthquakes with magnitude greater than 7.0 are results of relative movement between the North American Plate and Urasian Plate. The active fault along the boundary of the two plates is attracted by many researchers since the 1983 May earthquake of magnitude 7.7. It is important to anticipate when the next large earthquake will occur and how much it affect the east coast of Korea. Among a few models of spatial seismic gap were proposed for earthquake occurrences accompanying Tsunami, Ishikawas' east-west seismic gap model is the most probable one. There is a tendency that the period between the activities of the active faults becomes shorter. It is expected that a large earthquake of magnitude 7.0 or above will occur along the eastern boundary of Japan Sea at the end of this century and produce Tsunami at the east coast of Korea.

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Covid-19 시대의 적극적인 국제교류방안 (Active international exchange measures in the Covid-19 era)

  • Park, Tim
    • 국제교류와 융합교육
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.36-45
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    • 2021
  • 코로나-19시대에서 대학의 국제교류도 예외 없이 종단되거나 새로운 방안을 요구하고 있다. 특히 대학교육에서 국제교류는 큰 비중을 차지하는 바, 학생들이 재학하는 기간 동안 코로나-19로 인해 피해를 받는 일을 최소화하여야 하는데 국제교류도 큰 영향을 받고 있는 현실이다. 이에 적극적으로 대응할 수 있는 미국하와이주립대의 국제교류 방안을 예시로 제안하며, 양국 대학의 교류에 도움이 되기를 희망한다.

Modulations of Bcl-2/Bax Families were Involved in The Chemopreventive Effects of Licorice Root in Mcf-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell

  • Jo, Eun-Hye;Hong, Hee-Do;Kim, Sung-Hun;Lee, Yong-Soon;Kang, Kyung-Sun
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.111-111
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    • 2003
  • Recently, cancer chemoprevention with strategies using foods and medicinal herbs has been regarded as one of the most visible fields for cancer control. The genistein in soy, the American ginseng and the resveratrol in a grape are well known as that has antiproliferative properties in human breast cancer.(omitted)

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A New Challenge to Korean American Religious Identity: Cultural Crisis in Korean American Christianity

  • Ro, Young-Chan
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제18권
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    • pp.53-79
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    • 2004
  • This paper explores the relationship between Korean immigrants to the United States and their religious identity from the cultural point of view. Most scholarly studies on Korean immigrants in the United States have been dominated by sociological approach and ethnic studies in examining the social dimension of the Korean immigrant communities while neglecting issues concerning their religious identity and cultural heritage. Most Korean immigrants to America attend Korean churches regardless their religious affiliation before they came to America. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the fact that Korean church has provided a necessary social service for the newly arrived immigrants. Korean churches have been able to play a key role in the life of Korean immigrants. Korean immigrants, however, have shown a unique aspect regarding their religious identity compared to other immigrants communities in the United States. America is a nation of immigrants, coming from different parts of the world. Each immigrant community has brought their unique cultural heritage and religious persuasion. Asian immigrants, for example, brought their own traditional religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism. People from the Middle Eastern countries brought Islamic faith while European Jews brought the Jewish tradition. In these immigrant communities, religious identity and cultural heritage were homo genously harmonized. Jewish people built synagogue and taught Hebrew, Jewish history, culture, and faith. In this case, synagogue was not only the house of worship for Jews but also the center for learning Jewish history, culture, faith, and language. In short, Jewish cultural history was intimately related to Jewish religious history; for Jewish immigrants, learning their social and political history was indeed identical with leaning of their religious history. The same can be said about the relationship between Indian community and Hinduism. Hindu temples serve as the center of Indian immigrantsin providing the social, cultural, and spiritual functions. Buddhist temples, for that matter, serve the same function to the people from the Asian countries. Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Tibetans, and Thais have brought their respective Buddhist traditions to America and practice and maintain both their religious faith and cultural heritage. Middle Eastern people, for example, have brought Islamic faith to the United States, and Mosques have become the center for learning their language, practicing their faith, and maintaining their cultural heritage. Korean immigrants, unlike any other immigrant group, have brought Christianity, which is not a Korean traditional religion but a Western religion they received in 18th and 19th centuries from the West and America, back to the United States, and church has become the center of their lives in America. In this context, Koreans and Korean-Americans have a unique situation in which they practice Christianity as their religion but try to maintain their non-Christian cultural heritage. For the Korean immigrants, their religious identity and cultural identity are not the same. Although Korean church so far has provides the social and religious functions to fill the need of Korean immigrants, but it may not be able to become the most effective institution to provide and maintain Korean cultural heritage. In this respect, Korean churches must be able to open to traditional Korean religions or the religions of Korean origin to cultivate and nurture Korean cultural heritage.

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Clinical Effects of Korean Ginseng, Korean Red Ginseng, Chinese Ginseng, and American Ginseng on Blood Pressure in Mild Hypertensive Subjects

  • Choi, Dong-Jun;Jung, Woo-Sang;Park, Seong-Uk;Han, Chang-Ho;Lee, Won-Chul;Cho, Ki-Ho
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.198-208
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    • 2006
  • Background : Ginseng has traditionally been used in oriental countries to recover vital energy from Qi deficiency, and has shown various biomedical effects in the scientific literature. Recent reports suggest that ginseng could regulate blood pressure (BP), but much controversy still remains. Therefore, we intended to assess the anti-hypertensive effect of several ginseng types frequently used in clinics. We also investigated the anti-hypertensive effect on Koreans and Chinese, and by the body type according to Sasang Constitution Medicine (SCM). Methods : The study subjects were recruited from mildly hypertensive patients who exhibited pre-hypertension(120/80 to 139/89 mmHg) and stage I hypertension (140/90 to 159/99 mmHg) in Korea and China. After assigning the subjects into a Korean, a Chinese, a red, and an American ginseng group by randomization, we prescribed ginseng at a dose of 4.5 g per day for 4 weeks. To assess the anti-hypertensive effect, we compared the mean of systolic and diastolic BP between before and after ginseng medication using a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor (24 hr ABPM. We also monitored adverse effect and laboratory findings to secure the subjects' safety. In addition, all of the subjects in Korea consulted a specialist of Sasang Constitution Medicine to identify their constitutional type. Results : There were 64 subjects treated with Korean ginseng, 58 treated with Chinese ginseng, 33 treated with red ginseng, and 64 treated with American ginseng. Korean, Chinese, and American ginseng all reduced subjects' BP; Korean and Chinese ginseng showed more effect. The secondary analysis on the subjects' nationality revealed that all of the ginseng types showed more significant anti-hypertensive effect in Chinese patients than in Koreans. The third analysis on the constitutional type of SCM showed there was no significant difference in the effectiveness and the safety of ginseng among the constitutional types. Conclusions : We suggest ginseng, especially Panax ginseng without any steaming-drying process, could be useful for mild hypertension. Further, ginseng is safe regardless of subjects' constitutional type or type of ginseng within a dosage of 4.5g per day.

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American ginseng significantly reduced the progression of high-fat-diet-enhanced colon carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ mice

  • Yu, Chunhao;Wen, Xiao-Dong;Zhang, Zhiyu;Zhang, Chun-Feng;Wu, Xiaohui;He, Xin;Liao, Yang;Wu, Ningning;Wang, Chong-Zhi;Du, Wei;He, Tong-Chuan;Yuan, Chun-Su
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.230-237
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    • 2015
  • Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Chronic gut inflammation is recognized as a risk factor for tumor development, including CRC. American ginseng is a very commonly used ginseng species in the West. Methods: A genetically engineered $Apc^{Min/+}$ mouse model was used in this study. We analyzed the saponin composition of American ginseng used in this project, and evaluated its effects on the progression of high-fat-diet-enhanced CRC carcinogenesis. Results: After oral ginseng administration (10-20 mg/kg/d for up to 32 wk), experimental data showed that, compared with the untreated mice, ginseng very significantly reduced tumor initiation and progression in both the small intestine (including the proximal end, middle end, and distal end) and the colon (all p < 0.01). This tumor number reduction was more obvious in those mice treated with a low dose of ginseng. The tumor multiplicity data were supported by body weight changes and gut tissue histology examinations. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that compared with the untreated group, ginseng very significantly reduced the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ (IL-$1{\alpha}$), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in both the small intestine and the colon (all p < 0.01). Conclusion: Further studies are needed to link our observed effects to the actions of the gut microbiome in converting the parent ginsenosides to bioactive ginseng metabolites. Our data suggest that American ginseng may have potential value in CRC chemoprevention.

한국 노인의 대사증후군 예측인자로서 혈중 Non HDL 콜레스테롤과 중성지방/HDL 콜레스테롤 비의 의의 (Significance of Non HDL-cholesterol and Triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol Ratio as Predictors for Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Elderly)

  • 홍승복;신경아
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제50권3호
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    • pp.245-252
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    • 2018
  • 한국 노인을 대상으로 대사증후군 예측인자로서 혈중 Non HDL-콜레스테롤과 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율의 임상적용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 2015년 1월부터 2017년 12월까지 경기지역 종합병원의 건강검진센터를 내원하여 건강검진을 실시한 65세 이상 노인을 1,543명을 대상으로 하였다. 대사증후군은 American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI)기준에 따라 진단하였다. 복부비만은 World Health Organization (WHO) West Pacific Region에서 제시하는 아시아-태평양인의 기준을 적용하였다. Non HDL-콜레스테롤은 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 차이로 계산하였다. 대사증후군 예측력은 Non HDL-콜레스테롤보다 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율이 높게 나타났다. 관련요인을 보정한 후 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 1사분위수보다 4사분위수의 대사증후군 발병 위험이 높았다. 또한 대사증후군 발병을 예측하는 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율의 적정 기준값은 2.8이었다. 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 대사증후군 위험을 평가하는 간단하고 실용적인 지표가 될 수 있겠다.

냉전기 서독해군 전략의 시사점과 향후 대한민국 해군의 방향성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Implications of the naval Strategy in West Germany and Future Direction of Korean Navy)

  • 신홍중
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권46호
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    • pp.159-204
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    • 2020
  • 광복 이후 한반도가 남북으로 분단되면서 대한민국은 필연적으로 유사 해양국가가 되었다. 더불어 대한민국은 북한뿐만 아니라 중국과 러시아와 같은 강대국들에 둘러싸여 있는 지정학적 위치에 놓여 있다. 한편, 근래 들어 중국이 해군 항공 전력을 상당히 증강시키는 방향에 있기 때문에 우리 해군 또한 이에 대응할 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 한다. 이러한 이유로 인해 우리는 미국과의 끈끈한 동맹을 유지하고 있으나, 그 외의 국가들과는 불확실한 관계에 놓여있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 현재 대한민국과 유사한 지정학적 위치에 있던 과거의 서독이 설정한 전력 확충의 방향성, 냉전기 당시 NATO 조직 내에서 담당하던 '지역해군'으로서의 역할, 그리고 주변국들과의 안보협력 구상방식은 대한민국에게 있어 의미 있는 참고사례가 될 수 있을 것이다.

문화, 제국, 민족 -비판적 전유를 위한 에드워드 사이드의 『문화와 제국주의』 읽기 (Culture, Empire, and Nation: A Critical Appropriation of Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism)

  • 고부응
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제58권5호
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    • pp.903-941
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    • 2012
  • This essay examines Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism focusing on the concepts of 'culture,' 'empire,' and 'nation'. The approach is critical, theoretical, and historical rather than explicatory. Consequently, the range of the essay is not limited to Said's own explanation and argument about Western imperialism and its culture presented in the book. In doing this, this essay finally purposes to be a discursive resistance to the current global empire, the United States, via a critical reading of Said's work. Said's notion of culture is set upon to disclose the function of culture as an apparatus of ideological consent of the dominated to the dominant. When applied to imperial practice, Western culture functions to subject the colonized to the colonizer. Said's geographical approach to imperialism complements the historical understanding of imperialism. Imperialism is not only the practice of Western-centered historicism but also the spatially mutual interaction between the West and the rest of the world. Along with European imperialism, Said poses the current global empire of the United States as his main target of criticism. Said's problem is that he takes the United States as a nation-state. When examined, the United States is not a nation-state, but today's empire. The empire in the appearance of the nation-state United States does not work for the interest of the American nation, that is, the American people. The empire is the transnational and postnational political and economic institution that works for the interest of global capital. In order to resist the current global empire, this essay suggests that the building or restoration of nation-states with its basic principle of people's sovereignty is in need.